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Malthus Was Right After All: Poor Relief And Birth Rates In Southeastern England, George R. Boyer Dec 2011

Malthus Was Right After All: Poor Relief And Birth Rates In Southeastern England, George R. Boyer

George R. Boyer

The payment of child allowances to laborers with large families was widespread in early nineteenth-century England. This paper tests Thomas Malthus's hypothesis that child allowances caused the birth rate to increase. A cross-sectional regression model is estimated to explain variations in birth rates across parishes in 1826-30. Birth rates are found to be related to child allowances, income, and the availability of housing, as Malthus contended. The paper concludes by examining the role played by the adoption of child allowances after 1795 in the fertility increase of the early nineteenth century.


The Greater Boston Housing Report Card 2010: Taking Stock In An Uncertain Time, Barry Bluestone, Chase Billingham, Jessica Casey, Anna Gartsman Dec 2011

The Greater Boston Housing Report Card 2010: Taking Stock In An Uncertain Time, Barry Bluestone, Chase Billingham, Jessica Casey, Anna Gartsman

Barry Bluestone

No abstract provided.


The Greater Boston Housing Report Card 2011: Housing’S Role In The Ongoing Economic Crisis, Barry Bluestone, Chase Billingham Dec 2011

The Greater Boston Housing Report Card 2011: Housing’S Role In The Ongoing Economic Crisis, Barry Bluestone, Chase Billingham

Barry Bluestone

No abstract provided.


American Higher Education And The “Collegiate Way Of Living” (美国高等教育和 “学院制生活”), Robert J. O’Hara Dec 2010

American Higher Education And The “Collegiate Way Of Living” (美国高等教育和 “学院制生活”), Robert J. O’Hara

Robert J. O’Hara

Institutions of higher education in the United States are remarkably diverse in their educational purposes, their organizational structure, and their architectural styles. But underlying all this diversity are two distinct historical models: the decentralized British “collegiate” model of university education, and the centralized Germanic university model. Early American higher education grew out of the British collegiate tradition and emphasized the comprehensive development of students’ intellect and character, while the Germanic university tradition, introduced in the late 1800s, shifted the focus to technical scholarship and research. The Germanic university model held sway for much of the twentieth century, but there is …