Digital Commons Network^™

Oil Identification Of Harp Seal And Other Select Marine Mammals, Meghan Pinedo, Deborah A. Duffield, Dalin N. D’Alessandro, Erin R. Price, Edgard O. Espinoza

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Because of the rich omega-3 fatty acids content, harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) oil is a popular supplement that is packaged as pills in Canada and sold for medicinal purposes, although this practice is banned in the United States. Due to US regulations, it is important to be able to distinguish between fish oil and seal oil, but the taxonomic determination of oils provenance has been a difficult problem to solve. In this study, Direct Analysis in Real Time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART TOFMS) was used to analyze the chemotypes of blubber samples collected from seven species of …

The Value Of Support: Stem Intervention Programs Impact Student Persistence And Belonging., Erin E. Shortlidge, Mackenzie J. Gray, Suzanne Estes, Emma C. Goodwin

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

In response to unwaveringly high attrition from STEM pathways, STEM Intervention Programs (SIPs) support STEM students in effort to increase retention. Using mixed methods (survey and focus groups), we studied students at one university who were either supported or unsupported by SIPs to understand how students may differ in experiences believed to contribute to STEM persistence. We evaluated: sense of belonging, scientific self-efficacy, scientific community values, scientific identity, and STEM involvement. The enrollment status of students two and a half years postsurvey was also tracked. SIP students reported significantly higher science identity and sense of belonging and were more involved …

On Coresets For Fair Clustering In Metric And Euclidean Spaces And Their Applications, Sayan Bandyapadhyay, Fedor V. Fomin, Kirill Simonov

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fair clustering is a constrained clustering problem where we need to partition a set of colored points. The fraction of points of each color in every cluster should be more or less equal to the fraction of points of this color in the dataset. The problem was recently introduced by Chierichetti et al. (2017) [1]. We propose a new construction of coresets for fair clustering for Euclidean and general metrics based on random sampling. For the Euclidean space Rd, we provide the first coreset whose size does not depend exponentially on the dimension d. The question of whether such constructions …

Rheological Properties And 3d Printing Behavior Of Pcl And Dmso2 Composites For Bio-Scaffold, Jae-Won Jang, Kyung-Eun Min, Cheolhee Kim, Chien Wern, Sung Yi

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The significance of rheology in the context of bio three-dimensional (3D) printing lies in its impact on the printing behavior, which shapes material flow and the layer-by-layer stacking process. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rheological and printing behaviors of polycaprolactone (PCL) and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO₂) composites. The rheological properties were examined using a rotational rheometer, employing a frequency sweep test. Simultaneously, the printing behavior was investigated using a material extrusion 3D printer, encompassing varying printing temperatures and pressures. Across the temperature range of 120–140 °C, both PCL and PCL/DMSO₂ composites demonstrated liquid-like behavior, …

Mantle Sources And Geochemical Evolution Of The Picture Gorge Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group, Emily B. Cahoon, Martin J. Streck, Richard W. Carlson, Ilya N. Bindeman

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest continental flood basalt province, proposed to be sourced from the deep-seated plume that currently resides underneath Yellowstone National Park. If so, the earliest erupted basalts from this province, such as those in the Picture Gorge Basalt (PGB), aid in understanding and modeling plume impingement and the subsequent evolution of basaltic volcanism. Using geochemical and isotopic data, this study explores potential mantle sources and magma evolution of the PGB. Long known geochemical signatures of the PGB include overall large ion lithophile element (LILE) enrichment and relative depletion of high field strength elements …

A Review Of The Toxicity Of Ingredients In E-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having The Fda's "Generally Recognized As Safe (Gras)" Regulatory Status For Use In Food., Nada O F Kassem, Robert M. Strongin, Andrea M. Stroup, Marielle C. Brinkman, Ahmad El-Hellani, Hanno C. Erythropel, Arash Etemadi, Vernat Exil, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Noura O. Kassem, Theodore P. Klupinski, Sandy Liles, Thivanka Muthumalage, Alexandra Noël, David H. Peyton, Qixin Wang, Multiple Additional Authors

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Some firms and marketers of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; a type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)) and refill liquids (e-liquids) have made claims about the safety of ingredients used in their products based on the term "GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS). However, GRAS is a provision within the definition of a food additive under section 201(s) (21 U.S.C. 321(s)) of the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). Food additives and GRAS substances are by the FD&C Act definition intended for use in food, thus safety is based on oral consumption; the term GRAS cannot serve …

Artificial Neural Network-Based Modelling For Yield Strength Prediction Of Austenitic Stainless-Steel Welds, Sukil Park, Cheolhee Kim, Namhyun Kang

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the yield strength of a weld metal composed of austenitic stainless steel and compare its performance with that of conventional multiple regression and machine learning models. The input parameters included the chemical composition of the nine effective elements (C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, Cr, Mo, and Cu) and the heat input per unit length. The ANN model (comprising five nodes in one hidden layer), which was constructed and trained using 60 data points, yielded an R² value of 0.94 and a mean average percent error …

Extreme Heat & Public Perception In Portland, Oregon: Evidence Of A Compounding Vulnerability Effect For Climate Hazards, Brianne Suldovsky, Molly Baer Kramer, Jonathan Fink

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Extreme heat events are a global public health threat, and the frequency of these events are projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Responding to extreme heat requires that municipalities communicate with public audiences. Generally speaking, risk communication and public engagement efforts are more effective when they are responsive to current risk perception trends. This social scientific study examines extreme heat risk perceptions, emergency response needs, and level of trust in first responders among residents of the Portland (OR) Metro Area. Using quantitative survey data, it demonstrates the compounding influence of three previously identified vulnerability indicators–poverty, disability, and race–on …

Contested Places: A Typology For Responding To Place-Based Harms, Amie Thurber, Amy Krings, Mónica Gutiérrrez, Jason Sawyer, Greer A. Hamilton

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

In response to historic and ongoing devaluation of certain people, and concurrently, the places they live, many communities are grappling with how to respond to place-based harms. This has produced a wide range of responses, such as calls for “Land Back,” reparations programs, arts-based neighborhood regeneration, and local history initiatives. This paper explores the potential roles community practitioners can play in these contested places. Drawing on a review of the literature, this paper offers an emerging typology for responding to place-based harms.

Characteristics Of Healthcare Personnel With Sars-Cov-2 Infection: 10 Emerging Infections Program Sites In The United States, April 2020-December 2021., Nora Chea, Taniece Eure, Rebecca Alkis Ramirez, Maria Zlotorzynska, Gregory T. Blazek, Joelle Nadle, Jane Lee, Christopher A. Czaja, Helen Johnston, Devra Barter, Melissa Kellogg, Catherine Emanuel, James Meek, Monica Brackney, Stacy Carswell, Stepy Thomas, Scott K. Fridkin, Lucy E. Wilson, Rebecca Perlmutter, Kaytlynn Marceaux-Galli, Ashley Fell, Sara Lovett, Sarah Lim, Ruth Lynfield, Sarah Shrum Davis, Erin C. Phipps, Marla Sievers, Ghinwa Dumyati, Eric W. Hall, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding characteristics of healthcare personnel (HCP) with SARS-CoV-2 infection supports the development and prioritization of interventions to protect this important workforce. We report detailed characteristics of HCP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April 20, 2020 through December 31, 2021.

The Embodiment Of Exclusionary Displacement Pressure: Intersections Of Housing Insecurity And Mental Health In A Hispanic/Latinx Immigrant Neighborhood., Marisa Westbrook

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gentrification, growing income inequality, urban development, and the affordable housing crisis necessitate understanding the impact of the concern of displacement on health - prior to or even in the absence of a displacement event. In this paper, I use the term "exclusionary displacement pressure" to unify the literature on exclusionary displacement and displacement pressure, highlighting the disproportionate and inequitable impacts of displacement pressure among communities of color. Through following 35 residents over 2.5-years (2019-2022) in one predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, I examine how exclusionary displacement pressure shapes their health and wellbeing over time. Through paying attention …

Can Smart Supply Chain Bring Agility And Resilience For Enhanced Sustainable Business Performance?, Mahak Sharma, Rose Antony, Ashu Sharma, Tugrul Daim

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose

Supply chains need to be made viable in this volatile and competitive market, which could be possible through digitalization. This study is an attempt to explore the role of Industry 4.0, smart supply chain, supply chain agility and supply chain resilience on sustainable business performance from the lens of natural resource-based view.

Design/methodology/approach

The study tests the proposed model using a covariance-based structural equation modelling and further investigates the ranking of each construct using the artificial neural networks approach in AMOS and SPSS respectively. A total of 234 respondents selected using purposive sampling aided in capturing the industry practices …

Influence Of Antibiotic Exposure Intensity On The Risk Of Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Michael J. Ray, Luke C. Strnad, Kendall J. Tucker, Jon P. Furuno, Eric T. Lofgren, Caitlin M. Mccracken, Hiro Park, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Jessina C. Mcgregor

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Antibiotics are a strong risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and CDI incidence is often measured as an important outcome metric for antimicrobial stewardship interventions aiming to reduce antibiotic use. However, risk of CDI from antibiotics varies by agent and dependent on the intensity (i.e., spectrum and duration) of antibiotic therapy. Thus, the impact of stewardship interventions on CDI incidence is variable, and understanding this risk requires a more granular measure of intensity of therapy than traditionally used measures like days of therapy (DOT).

Mental-Somatic Multimorbidity In Trajectories Of Cognitive Function For Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Siting Chen, Corey L. Nagel, Ruotong Liu, Anda Botoseneanu, Heather G. Allore, Jason T. Newsom, Stephen Thielke, Jeffrey Kaye, Ana R. Quiñones

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multimorbidity may confer higher risk for cognitive decline than any single constituent disease. This study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive impairment probability among middle-aged and older adults, and to assess the effect of changes in mental-somatic multimorbidity on these distinct trajectories.

Fixing A Hole: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Hav, Hbv, Tetanus Screening, And Vaccination During Hospitalization In Persons Who Use Substances, Amber C. Streifel, Jose Eduardo Rivera Sarti, Monica K. Sikka, Michael Conte, Bradie Winders, Cara D. Varley

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:Rates of serious injection-related infections in persons who use drugs have increased. Resulting admissions are an opportunity for screening and vaccination of preventable infections such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus. Design and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of adults with documented substance use admitted for bacterial infection between July 2015 and March 2020. We evaluated HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccination status at admission, along with screening for HAV and HBV infection and immunity. We identified the proportion of patients at risk for infection who received HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccines during admission and patient-level …

Using A Digital Entertainment Tax To Strengthen Local Information Infrastructure In The United States: A Conceptual Exploration, Lee Shaker, Antoine Haywood

Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations

As traditional local media decline, how might state and local governments provide support for local information infrastructure? We offer a proposal for states (or communities) to tax digital entertainment and then leverage existing community media centers (CMCs) to facilitate the distribution of the proceeds to local media outlets. Compared to other public subsidy plans, this approach is viable nationwide without federal action and offers several advantages that could lead to more immediate and durable support for local information infrastructure. To contextualize our proposal, we model both the possible revenue generation and distribution of funding that would result from its implementation.

Fea Simulations For Thermal Distributions Of Large Scale 3dic Packages, Suxia Chen, Qiang Wu, Wayne Xun, Jiachen Zhang, Jianping Xun

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

As the market increases for Artificial Intelligence and High-Performance Computing applications, the geometry of 3-Dimensional Integrated Circuit packages becomes more complicated; therefore, predicting the thermal distributions of the structures becomes not only more important but also more challenging. The physics governing the thermal distribution is a 3-dimensional partial differential equation. In order to predict the thermal distributions, various approaches such as the layer modeling method have been invented. While practical, these approaches solve a simplified version of the differential equation placing an inherent limitation on their capabilities which may be improved upon. In this research we solve the actual differential …

Imaging Of Structural Timber Based On In Situ Radar And Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review Of The State-Of-The-Art, Narges Pahnabi, Thomas Schumacher, Arijit Sinha

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

With the rapidly growing interest in using structural timber, a need exists to inspect and assess these structures using non-destructive testing (NDT). This review article summarizes NDT methods for wood inspection. After an overview of the most important NDT methods currently used, a detailed review of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Testing (UST) is presented. These two techniques can be applied in situ and produce useful visual representations for quantitative assessments and damage detection. With its commercial availability and portability, GPR can help rapidly identify critical features such as moisture, voids, and metal connectors in wood structures. UST, which …

Motion History Images: A New Method For Tracking Microswimmers In 3d, Max Riekeles, Hadi Albalkhi, Megan Marie Dubay, Jay Nadeau, Christian A. Lindensmith

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quantitative tracking of rapidly moving micron-scale objects remains an elusive challenge in microscopy due to low signal-to-noise. This paper describes a novel method for tracking micron-sized motile organisms in off-axis Digital Holographic Microscope (DHM) raw holograms and/or reconstructions. We begin by processing the microscopic images with the previously reported Holographic Examination for Life-like Motility (HELM) software, which provides a variety of tracking outputs including motion history images (MHIs). MHIs are stills of videos where the frame-to-frame changes are indicated with color time-coding. This exposes tracks of objects that are difficult to identify in individual frames at a low signal-to-noise ratio. …

Autism Risk Gene Cul3 Alters Neuronal Morphology Via Caspase-3 Activity In Mouse Hippocampal Neurons, Qiang-Qiang Xia, Anju Singh, Jing Wang, Zhong Xin Xuan, Jeffrey D. Singer, Craig M. Powell

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in which children display differences in social interaction/communication and repetitive stereotyped behaviors along with variable associated features. Cul3, a gene linked to ASD, encodes CUL3 (CULLIN-3), a protein that serves as a key component of a ubiquitin ligase complex with unclear function in neurons. Cul3 homozygous deletion in mice is embryonic lethal; thus, we examine the role of Cul3 deletion in early synapse development and neuronal morphology in hippocampal primary neuronal cultures. Homozygous deletion of Cul3 significantly decreased dendritic complexity and dendritic length, as well as axon formation. Synaptic spine density significantly …

Generative Artificial Intelligence, Co-Evolution, And Language Education, Steven L. Thorne

World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations

At this point in the history of applications of technology for language learning, there is nothing surprising about uses of video conferencing, social media, language tutorial websites and apps, online textbooks and grammars, translation tools, and video- and audio-based content (among others). As Internet theorist Clay Shirky has described it, “communications tools don't get socially interesting until they get technologically boring” (Shirky, 2008, p. 105), and indeed, there has been considerable interest in more deeply examining humans’ now quotidian uses of digital technologies and modalities as they potentially transform language use and trajectories of development. Examples of incisive research …

Feasibility Of Deploying Home-Based Digital Technology, Environmental Sensors, And Web-Based Surveys For Assessing Behavioral Symptoms And Identifying Their Precipitants In Older Adults: Longitudinal, Observational Study., Wan-Tai M. Au-Yeung, Yan Liu, Remonda Hanna, Sarah Gothard, Nathaniel Rodrigues, Cierra Leon Guerrero, Zachary Beattie, Jeffrey Kaye

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Apathy, depression, and anxiety are prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by older adults. Early detection, prevention, and intervention may improve outcomes.

A Constrained Maximum Likelihood Approach To Developing Well-Calibrated Models For Predicting Binary Outcomes., Yaqi Cao, Weidong Ma, Ge Zhao, Anne Marie Mccarthy, Jinbo Chen

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The added value of candidate predictors for risk modeling is routinely evaluated by comparing the performance of models with or without including candidate predictors. Such comparison is most meaningful when the estimated risk by the two models are both unbiased in the target population. Very often data for candidate predictors are sourced from nonrepresentative convenience samples. Updating the base model using the study data without acknowledging the discrepancy between the underlying distribution of the study data and that in the target population can lead to biased risk estimates and therefore an unfair evaluation of candidate predictors. To address this issue …

Mussar And Esotericism In Revolutionary Russia, Martin Zwick

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper is an introductory comparative look at teachings of two spiritual figures in pre-revolutionary and revolutionary Russia: Rav Yoseph Yozel (Horowitz) and George Gurdjieff. Yozel founded the Novarodok school of Mussar; Gurdjieff founded the spiritual tradition known as “the Work” or “Fourth Way.” There are of course great differences between the Jewish tradition of Mussar, whose literature dates back to the Mishnah but which as a social movement was launched by Rabbi Israel Salantar in the late 19^th century, and the Work, with its affinities to Eastern Christianity, Buddhism, and Sufism but with no apparent connection to Judaism. …

Static Reflective Surfaces For Improved Terahertz Coverage, Thanh Le, Suresh Singh

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

LoS (Line of Sight) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is considered the best way to deliver high capacity channels for terahertz communications due to the severe attenuation suffered by reflected components. Unfortunately, terahertz links are easily blocked by any obstruction resulting in link breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to provide alternative paths via reflectors. A problem shared by LoS paths and reflected paths (via polished reflectors) is that the channel matrix is rank 1 in the far-field. As a result, the achieved capacity is lower than what can theoretically be achieved in a rich multi-path environment. In this work, we …

Amelioration Of Age-Related Cognitive Decline And Anxiety In Mice By Centella Asiatica Extract Varies By Sex, Dose And Mode Of Administration, Nora E. Gray, Wyatt Hack, Mikah S. Brandes, Jonathan A. Zweig, Liping Yang, Luke Marney, Jaewoo Choi, Armando Alcazar Magana, Natasha Cerruti, Janis Mcferrin, Seiji Koike, Thuan Nguyen, Jacob Raber, Joseph F. Quinn, Claudia S. Maier, Amala Soumyanath

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: A water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water has been shown to improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice are compared.Methods: Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1,000 mg/kg/d CAW for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice …

Mixing Customer Ingratiation Into Evaluation: How Service Providers Judge And Evaluate Rideshare Experiences, Yazhen Xiao, Jonathan Hasford

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Whereas consumer satisfaction is critical for the success of services, we research how providers evaluate customers in the sharing economy represented by the rideshare marketplace. We examine anticipated customer evaluation (ACE) as the underlying link and the provider's sense of power as a moderator for the relationship between customer ingratiation and provider evaluations. We first conducted a field pilot study and analyzed the content of rideshare trips described by drivers. Then, we tested the conceptual framework in four experiments that manipulated different rideshare customer behaviors (self-presentation, other-enhancement, and customer conformity). Our study contributes to the consumer research literature by examining …

Exploring Affective Experiences Of Queer Individuals Navigating Relationships With Evangelical Parents, Grace Pappas

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

An abundance of scholarship explores and discusses the process of queer identity development, including the experience of disclosing one’s queer identity, often referred to as coming out. Coming out to one’s parent(s) can be a challenging and complex experience for queer individuals, particularly for children from religious families. In this study, I explored the nuanced relationships between queer individuals and their Evangelical parents. I conducted qualitative interviews with nine participants. Using thematic analysis and Ahmed’s theory of affect and happy objects, I constructed four themes: (a) learning the affect queer carries, (b) feeling the affects of being queer, (c) how …

Does Assisted Living Provide Assistance And Promote Living?, Sheryl Zimmerman, Robyn Stone, Paula Carder, Kali Thomas

Institute on Aging Publications

Assisted living has promised assistance and quality of living to older adults for more than eighty years. It is the largest residential provider of long-term care in the United States, serving more than 918,000 older adults as of 2018. As assisted living has evolved, the needs of residents have become more challenging; staffing shortages have worsened; regulations have become complex; the need for consumer support, education, and advocacy has grown; and financing and accessibility have become insufficient. Together, these factors have limited the extent to which today's assisted living adequately provides assistance and promotes living, with negative consequences for aging …

Volcanic Glass As A Proxy For Paleotopography Suggests New Features In Late-Miocene Oregon, Julian Cohen, John Bershaw, Richard Hugo

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Volcanic glass has been used extensively as a paleoaltimeter. Deuterium (²H) concentrations in glass have been found to be stable over geologic timescales, making δ²H (also known as δD) a reliable proxy for ancient water chemistry. However, continued work revolves around better understanding how different factors affect preserved water in volcanic ash. Here, we analyze δD in the Rattlesnake Tuff (RST), a widespread ca. 7 Ma ash-flow tuff, and create a paleoisoscape to assess variations in δD across Oregon during that time. To this end, 16 ash samples were collected across central and eastern Oregon from …