Digital Commons Network^™

Isogeometric Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis With Emphasis On Non-Matching Discretizations, And With Application To Wind Turbines, Y. Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, M. A. Scott

Ming-Chen Hsu

In this paper we develop a framework for fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling and simulation with emphasis on isogeometric analysis (IGA) and non-matching fluid–structure interface discretizations. We take the augmented Lagrangian approach to FSI as a point of departure. Here the Lagrange multiplier field is defined on the fluid–structure interface and is responsible for coupling of the two subsystems. Thus the FSI formulation does not rely on the continuity of the underlying function spaces across the fluid–structure interface in order to produce the correct coupling conditions between the fluid and structural subdomains. However, in deriving the final FSI formulation the interface …

Effects Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Increased Temperature On Methane And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes: Evidence From Field Experiments, Feike A. Dijlstra, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Renion, H. Allen Torbert, Hanqin Tian, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu, Rodney T. Venterea

Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

Climate change could alter terrestrial ecosystems, which are important sources and sinks of the potent green-house gases (GHGs) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), in ways that either stimulate or decrease the magnitude and duration of global warming. Using manipulative field experiments, we assessed how N2O and CH4 soil fluxes responded to a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and to increased air temperature. Nitrous oxide and CH4 responses varied greatly among studied ecosystems. Elevated CO2 often stimulated N2O emissions in fertilized systems and CH4 emissions in wetlands, peatlands, and rice paddy fields; both effects were stronger in clayey …

Mechanism Design For Base Station Association And Resource Allocation In Downlink Ofdma Network, Mingyi Hong, Alfredo Garcia

Mingyi Hong

We consider a resource management problem in a multi-cell downlink OFDMA network whereby the goal is to find the optimal combination of (i) assignment of users to base stations and (ii) resource allocation strategies at each base station. Efficient resource management protocols must rely on users truthfully reporting privately held information such as downlink channel states. However, individual users can manipulate the resulting resource allocation (by misreporting their private information) if by doing so they can improve their payoff. Therefore, it is of interest to design efficient resource management protocols that are strategy-proof, i.e. it is in the users' best …

Odd Couple: International Trade And Labor Standards In History. By Michael Huberman. New Haven, Ct: Yale University Press, 2012. Pp. Xii, 237. $65.00, Cloth., Joshua L. Rosenbloom

Joshua L. Rosenbloom

The years between 1870 and 1914 constituted a first episode of globalization, characterized by rising levels of international trade and robust economic growth. They were also, at least in Europe, the time when important elements of the welfare state—insurance against the risks of unemployment, sickness, industrial accidents, and old age—as well as labor protections—such as factory inspection and limits on the hours of work of women and children—were first introduced.

Quantum Chemistry Simulations Using Optimization Methods, Kumara Sastry, Duane D. Johnson, Alexis L. Thompson, Todd J. Martinez, David E. Goldberg

Duane D. Johnson

Embodiments of the present invention provide, among other things, methods, apparatus, and systems for tuning a semiempirical process for predicting energy for different molecular configurations. In an example method, an energy value and an energy gradient are determined for each of a plurality of molecular configurations using an accurate method. A functional form of the semiempirical process is optimized using the determined energy values and energy gradients via multiobjective optimization. The functional form relates one or more parameters to energy values and energy gradients.

Wind Turbine Aerodynamics Using Ale–Vms: Validation And The Role Of Weakly Enforced Boundary Conditions, Ming-Chen Hsu, Ido Akkerman, Yuri Bazilevs

Ming-Chen Hsu

In this article we present a validation study involving the full-scale NREL Phase VI two-bladed wind turbine rotor. The ALE–VMS formulation of aerodynamics, based on the Navier–Stokes equations of incompressible flows, is employed in conjunction with weakly enforced essential boundary conditions. We find that the ALE–VMS formulation using linear tetrahedral finite elements is able to reproduce experimental data for the aerodynamic (low-speed shaft) torque and cross-section pressure distribution of the NREL Phase VI rotor. We also find that weak enforcement of essential boundary conditions is critical for obtaining accurate aerodynamics results on relatively coarse boundary layer meshes. The proposed numerical …

Regulation Of Anti-Plasmodium Immunity By A Litaf-Like Transcription Factor In The Malaria Vector Anopheles Gambiae, Ryan C. Smith, Abraham G. Eappen, Andrea J. Radtke, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena

Ryan C. Smith

The mosquito is the obligate vector for malaria transmission. To complete its development within the mosquito, the malaria parasite Plasmodium must overcome the protective action of the mosquito innate immune system. Here we report on the involvement of the Anopheles gambiae orthologue of a conserved component of the vertebrate immune system, LPS-induced TNFα transcription factor (LITAF), and its role in mosquito anti-Plasmodium immunity. An. gambiae LITAF-like 3 (LL3) expression is up-regulated in response to midgut invasion by both rodent and human malaria parasites. Silencing of LL3 expression greatly increases parasite survival, indicating that LL3 is part of an anti-Plasmodium defense …

Ultraviolet Photoinitiated On-Fiber Copolymerization Of Ionic Liquid Sorbent Coatings For Headspace And Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction, Tien D. Ho, Honglian Yu, William T.S. Cole, Jared L. Anderson

Jared L. Anderson

A high-throughput method for the production of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sorbent coatings via ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiated copolymerization of ionic liquid (IL) monomers on a fused silica support is described. The copolymerization of monocationic and dicationic IL cross-linkers was performed “on-fiber” using UV initiated free radical polymerization. Mixtures composed of various amounts of the IL cross-linker, UV initiator (DAROCUR 1173), and IL monomer were dip-coated onto an etched and derivatized fused silica support and placed in a high-capacity UV reactor. The method requires no organic dispersive solvent and is much more rapid compared to traditional methods in which polymeric ionic liquid …

E-Mentoring For Employability, Andrea S. Wheeler, Simon Austin, Jacqui Glass

Andrea S. Wheeler

Recession and higher costs of higher education have over the past few years increased concerns over employability amongst engineering and construction students.

A Simple Two-Dimensional Model System To Study Electrostatic-Self-Assembly, Rebecca Cademartiri

Rebecca Cademartiri

This paper surveys the variables controlling the lattice structure and charge in macroscopic Coulombic crystals made from electrically charged, millimeter-sized polymer objects (spheres, cubes, and cylinders). Mechanical agitation of these objects inside planar, bounded containers caused them to charge electrically through contact electrification, and to self-assemble. The processes of electrification and self-assembly, and the characteristics of the assemblies, depended on the type of motion used for agitation, on the type of materials used for the objects and the dish, on the size and shape of the objects and the dish, and on the number of objects. Each of the three …

Create Change Through Knowledge About Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Debra M. Sellers

Debra M. Sellers

Fact sheet about traumatic brain injury. Describes types of injuries, risk groups, physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes. Consequences affect relationships, daily living and work. Communities and individuals can help survivors adjust.

Create A Supportive Community For People Who Experience Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Debra M. Sellers

Debra M. Sellers

Community tip sheet to help people with traumatic brain injuries.

Create Positive Differences For People Who Experience Traumatic Brain Injuries, Debra M. Sellers

Debra M. Sellers

Individual tip sheet to help those who work with people with traumatic brain injuries.

Fractionation Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) Through A Narrowing Of Particle Size Distribution Followed By Aspiration, Rafael A. Garcia, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) may have more value and utility if they can be separated into high protein and high fiber fractions. A variety of such separation processes have been proposed; two of the most promising processes involve three screening and three air classification unit operations. In the present study, an alternative process involving fewer unit operations is demonstrated. DDGS are subjected to a single screening, and the oversize particles are processed in a mill setup so that it narrows the particle size distribution of the oversize fraction. The milled DDGS is then processed in an air classification …

Ale-Vms And St-Vms Methods For Computer Modeling Of Wind-Turbine Rotor Aerodynamics And Fluid–Structure Interaction, Yuri Bazilevs, Ming-Chen Hsu, Kenji Takizawa, Tayfun E. Tezduyar

Ming-Chen Hsu

We provide an overview of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian Variational Multiscale (ALE-VMS) and Space–Time Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) methods we have developed for computer modeling of wind-turbine rotor aerodynamics and fluid–structure interaction (FSI). The related techniques described include weak enforcement of the essential boundary conditions, Kirchhoff–Love shell modeling of the rotor-blade structure, NURBS-based isogeometric analysis, and full FSI coupling. We present results from application of these methods to computer modeling of NREL 5MW and NREL Phase VI wind-turbine rotors at full scale, including comparison with experimental data.

(Conceptual) Conversion: Reworking Archival Curriculum To Incorporate The Multiverse, Kimberly D. Anderson

Kimberly D. Anderson

http://aeri2012.wordpress.com/conference-schedule/workshops/pedagogical-approaches-in-a-conceptually-based-curriculum/

Kimberly Anderson will share her experience of transforming a class on archival outreach at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The fully online course, “Archival Outreach: Programs and Services” was re-worked into conceptual modules that formed the underpinning for the class. These concepts were reinforced throughout the semester and students were asked to use them as a framing throughout the discussion and applied activities. The resultant class was a dramatic departure from the both the previous iterations of the course and the way in which other courses in the archives program are taught, which have previously focused heavily on practices. Dr. …

Dryland Soil Nitrogen Cycling Influenced By Tillage, Crop Rotation, And Cultural Practice, Upendra M. Sainju, Andrew W. Lenssen, Thecan Caesar-Tonthat, Jalal D. Jabro, Robert T. Lartey, Robert G. Evans, Brett L. Allen

Andrew W. Lenssen

Management practices may influence dryland soil N cycling. We evaluated the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and cultural practice on dryland crop biomass (stems and leaves) N, surface residue N, and soil N fractions at the 0–20 cm depth in a Williams loam from 2004 to 2008 in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were two tillage practices (no-tillage [NT] and conventional tillage [CT]), two crop rotations (continuous spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] [CW] and spring wheat-barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.] hay-corn [Zea mays L.]-pea [Pisum sativum L.] [W-B-C-P]), and two cultural practices (regular [conventional seed rates and plant spacing, conventional planting date, …

Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Michael L. Brown

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Increases in global aquaculture production, compounded with limited availabilities of fish meal for fish feed, has created the need for alternative protein sources. Twin-screw extrusion studies were performed to investigate the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Five isocaloric (~3.06 kcal/g) ingredient blends, adjusted to a target protein content of 36.7% db, were formulated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at an initial moisture content of 5–7% db, with appropriate amounts of fish meal, fish oil, whole wheat flour, corn gluten meal, and vitamin and mineral premixes. During …

Replacing −Ch2ch2– With −Conh– Does Not Significantly Change Rates Of Charge Transport Through Agts-Sam//Ga2o3/Egain Junctions, Martin M. Thuo, William F. Reus, Felice C. Simeone, Choongik Kim, Michael D. Schulz, Hyo Jae Yoon, George M. Whitesides

Martin M. Thuo

This paper describes physical-organic studies of charge transport by tunneling through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), based on systematic variations of the structure of the molecules constituting the SAM. Replacing a −CH2CH2– group with a −CONH– group changes the dipole moment and polarizability of a portion of the molecule and has, in principle, the potential to change the rate of charge transport through the SAM. In practice, this substitution produces no significant change in the rate of charge transport across junctions of the structure AgTS-S(CH2)mX(CH2)nH//Ga2O3/EGaIn (TS = template stripped, X = −CH2CH2– or −CONH–, and EGaIn = eutectic alloy of gallium and …

Modified Friction Device For Control Of Large-Scale Systems, Simon Laflamme, Douglas Taylor, Mohamed Abdellaoui Maane, Jerome J. Connor

Simon Laflamme

Semi-active control of civil structures has shown to be promising at mitigating vibrations. Those systems typically perform significantly better than passive systems, and only necessitate small power to operate. Nevertheless, semi-active control devices are not yet accepted by the construction and structural engineering communities. Among impeding factors, semi-active devices are not perceived as sufficiently reliable or robust. In this paper, a new semi-active damping device based on existing reliable technology is proposed. It is composed of a stiffness element, a viscous damper, and a braking mechanism in parallel. The device, termed the modified friction device (MFD), is essentially a variable …

Century-Scale Responses Of Ecosystem Carbon Storage And Flux To Multiple Environmental Changes In The Southern United States, Hanqin Tian, Guangsheng Chen, Chi Zang, Mingliang Liu, Ge Sun, Arthur Chappelka, Wei Ren, Xiaofeng Xu, Chaoqun Lu, Shufen Pan, Hua Chen, Dafeng Hui, Steven Mcnulty, Graeme Lockaby, Eric Vance

Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

Terrestrial ecosystems in the southern United States (SUS) have experienced a complex set of changes in climate, atmospheric CO2 concentration, tropospheric ozone (O3), nitrogen (N) deposition, and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) during the past century. Although each of these factors has received attention for its alterations on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics, their combined effects and relative contributions are still not well understood. By using the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) in combination with spatially explicit, long-term historical data series on multiple environmental factors, we examined the century-scale responses of ecosystem C storage and flux to multiple environmental changes in …

A Reference-Free Algorithm For Computational Normalization Of Shotgun Sequencing Data, C. Titus Brown, Adina Howe, Qingpeng Zhang, Alexis B. Pyrkosz, Timothy H. Brom

Adina Howe

Deep shotgun sequencing and analysis of genomes, transcriptomes, amplified single-cell genomes, and metagenomes has enabled investigation of a wide range of organisms and ecosystems. However, sampling variation in short-read data sets and high sequencing error rates of modern sequencers present many new computational challenges in data interpretation. These challenges have led to the development of new classes of mapping tools and {\em de novo} assemblers. These algorithms are challenged by the continued improvement in sequencing throughput. We here describe digital normalization, a single-pass computational algorithm that systematizes coverage in shotgun sequencing data sets, thereby decreasing sampling variation, discarding redundant data, …

Alterite, Performance, Hybridite: Une Esthetique De La Troisieme Vague Feministe, Michèle A. Schaal

Michèle A. Schaal

France has recently experienced a renewed interest in feminist and gender-related issues. Both in academia and society at large, a younger generation of theorists, authors and activists, influenced by American third-wave feminism and gender studies, has reasserted the necessity to fight for equal rights. My research reveals that as early as the mid-nineties, French writers Marie Darrieussecq, Virginie Despentes and Nina Bouraoui anticipated these feminist discourses in their early novels. In particular, they mirrored the concepts of alterity, gender performance, and hybridity currently at stake in this third wave of French feminism. My dissertation investigates the literary manifestations of these …

The Sam, Not The Electrodes, Dominates Charge Transport In Metal-Monolayer//Ga2o3/Gallium–Indium Eutectic Junctions, William F. Reus, Martin M. Thuo, Nathan D. Shapiro, Christian A. Nijhuis, George M. Whitesides

Martin M. Thuo

The liquid–metal eutectic of gallium and indium (EGaIn) is a useful electrode for making soft electrical contacts to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This electrode has, however, one feature whose effect on charge transport has been incompletely understood: a thin (approximately 0.7 nm) film—consisting primarily of Ga2O3—that covers its surface when in contact with air. SAMs that rectify current have been measured using this electrode in AgTS-SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn (where AgTS = template-stripped Ag surface) junctions. This paper organizes evidence, both published and unpublished, showing that the molecular structure of the SAM (specifically, the presence of an accessible molecular orbital asymmetrically located within the …

Polycyclic Aromatic Triptycenes: Oxygen Substitution Cyclization Strategies, Brett Vanveller, Derek J. Schipper, Timothy M. Swager

Brett VanVeller

The cyclization and planarization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with concomitant oxygen substitution was achieved through acid catalyzed transetherification and oxygen-radical reactions. The triptycene scaffold enforces proximity of the alcohol and arene reacting partners and confers significant rigidity to the resulting π-system, expanding the tool set of iptycenes for materials applications.

Bean And Rice Meals Reduce Postprandial Glycemic Response In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Over Study, Sharon V. Thompson, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins

Donna Winham

Background: Around the world, beans and rice are commonly consumed together as a meal. With type 2 diabetes increasing, the effect of this traditional diet pattern on glycemic response has not been studied fully. Methods: We evaluated the glycemic response of bean and rice traditional meals compared to rice alone in adults with type 2 diabetes. Seventeen men and women with type 2 diabetes controlled by metformin (n = 14) or diet/exercise (n=3) aged 35–70 years participated in the randomized 4 × 4 crossover trial. The white long grain rice control, pinto beans/rice, black beans/rice, red kidney beans/rice test meals, …

Multifactor Controls On Terrestrial N2o Flux Over North America From 1979 Through 2010, X. F. Xu, Hanqin Tian, G. S. Chen, M. L. Liu, Wei Ren, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu, C. Zhang

Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas which also contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone (O3). However, the magnitude and underlying mechanisms for the spatiotemporal variations in the terrestrial sources of N2O are still far from certain. Using a process-based ecosystem model (DLEM – the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model) driven by multiple global change factors, including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), tropospheric O3 pollution, N fertilizer application, and land conversion, this study examined the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial N2O flux over North America and further attributed these variations to various driving …

Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring The Role Of Cooperative Extension In Kansas Communities, Debra M. Sellers, Jane Mertz Garcia

Debra M. Sellers

TBIoptions helps survivors of traumatic brain injury and their families identify, locate, and contact helpful organizations in their local communities to promote successful living. This article discusses the role of county agents in the program and the support offered by community partners. Results of pre- and post-surveys for both groups are reported. The research provides information regarding changes in knowledge and noteworthy outcomes for participating agents and community partners. Through engagement in the issue of traumatic brain injury, Extension is better positioned to meet the needs of survivors, family members, and caregivers within Kansas.

Measuring Markers Of Liver Function Using A Micropatterned Paper Device Designed For Blood From A Fingerstick, Sarah J. Vella, Patrick Beattie, Rebecca Cademartiri, Anna Laromaine, Andres W. Martinez, Scott T. Phillips, Katherine A. Mirica, George M. Whitesides

Rebecca Cademartiri

This paper describes a paper-based microfluidic device that measures two enzymatic markers of liver function (alkaline phosphatase, ALP, and aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and total serum protein. A device consists of four components: (i) a top plastic sheet, (ii) a filter membrane, (iii) a patterned paper chip containing the reagents necessary for analysis, and (iv) a bottom plastic sheet. The device performs both the sample preparation (separating blood plasma from erythrocytes) and the assays; it also enables both qualitative and quantitative analysis of data. The data obtained from the paper-microfluidic devices show standard deviations in calibration runs and “spiked” standards that …

Living Wills In Kansas, Debra M. Sellers, Erin J. Dittman

Debra M. Sellers

A living will allows you to record in writing, what type of care you want at the end of your life, if you have a terminal illness.