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Synergism Between Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Bacillus Thuringiensis Crops: Integrating Biological Control And Resistance Management, Aaron J. Gassmann, S. Patricia Stock, Mark S. Sisterson, Yves Carriere, Bruce E. Tabashnik
Synergism Between Entomopathogenic Nematodes And Bacillus Thuringiensis Crops: Integrating Biological Control And Resistance Management, Aaron J. Gassmann, S. Patricia Stock, Mark S. Sisterson, Yves Carriere, Bruce E. Tabashnik
Aaron J. Gassmann
The past decade has witnessed a continual increase in the use of crops genetically modified to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This presents the challenge of designing agricultural systems to manage pests and the evolution of resistance to Bt. We tested whether entomopathogenic nematodes might act synergistically with Bt crops by killing pests in non-Bt refuges and by increasing the fitness costs of resistance to Bt. We also tested whether insect mortality and fitness costs were affected by the cotton phytochemical gossypol. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave increased the fitness cost of Bt resistance, indicating that …
High-Level Resistance To Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin Cry1ac And Cadherin Genotype In Pink Bollworm, Aaron J. Gassmann, Robert W. Biggs, Jeffrey A. Fabrick, Bruce E. Tabashnick, Timothy J. Dennehy, Yves Carriere, Shai Morin
High-Level Resistance To Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin Cry1ac And Cadherin Genotype In Pink Bollworm, Aaron J. Gassmann, Robert W. Biggs, Jeffrey A. Fabrick, Bruce E. Tabashnick, Timothy J. Dennehy, Yves Carriere, Shai Morin
Aaron J. Gassmann
Resistance to transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac is linked with three recessive alleles of a cadherin gene in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), a major cotton pest. Here, we analyzed a strain (MOV97-R) with a high frequency of cadherin resistance alleles, a high frequency of resistance to 10 μg of Cry1Ac per milliliter of diet, and an intermediate frequency of resistance to 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet. We selected two strains for increased resistance by exposing larvae from MOV97-R to diet with 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml …