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Debates Over Whether Tenno Is A Monarch Or Not, Thomas Makoto Naruse

Japanese Society and Culture

Article 1 of the Japanese Constitution stipulates that Tenno is the " symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". Under Japanese Constitution, Tenno has deprived of political authorities, and prohibited from involving in the national politics. On the other hand, monarch's traditional merkmar includes a certain degree of governing power, which Tenno does not possess. Here arise the problem that Tenno is a monarch or not, and this problem also relates to the question of whether political system of Japan is a monarchy or a republic. This article introduces academic views on this topic, and shows …

Daijosai And The Separation Of Religion And State, Thomas Makoto Naruse

Japanese Society and Culture

Daijosai, which is regarded as an indispensable ceremony for the accession of the throne, is a Shinto ceremony. Therefore, as Japanese Constitution defines separation of church and state, it is not held as a national ceremony (a state act) but held as a ceremony of the imperial house. On the other hand, since it is said to be an indispensable ceremony for the accession of the throne, government finds public significance, and the cost is covered by the national expenses. Criticisms that claim violation of separation of church and state arise, and many lawsuits were filed.

This article reveals …