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Why Do Dolphins Carry Sponges?, Janet Mann, Brooke L. Sargeant, Jana J. Watson-Capps, Quincy A. Gibson, Michael R. Heithaus, Richard C. Connor, Eric Patterson
Why Do Dolphins Carry Sponges?, Janet Mann, Brooke L. Sargeant, Jana J. Watson-Capps, Quincy A. Gibson, Michael R. Heithaus, Richard C. Connor, Eric Patterson
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Tool use is rare in wild animals, but of widespread interest because of its relationship to animal cognition, social learning and culture. Despite such attention, quantifying the costs and benefits of tool use has been difficult, largely because if tool use occurs, all population members typically exhibit the behavior. In Shark Bay, Australia, only a subset of the bottlenose dolphin population uses marine sponges as tools, providing an opportunity to assess both proximate and ultimate costs and benefits and document patterns of transmission. We compared sponge-carrying (sponger) females to non-sponge-carrying (non-sponger) females and show that spongers were more solitary, spent …
Post Traumatic Brain Perfusion Spect Analysis Using Reconstructed Roi Maps Of Radioactive Microsphere Derived Cerebral Blood Flow And Statistical Parametric Mapping, Anthony J. Mcgoron, Michael Capille, Michael F. Georgiou, Pablo Sanchez, Juan Solano, Manuel Gonzalez-Brito, John W. Kuluz
Post Traumatic Brain Perfusion Spect Analysis Using Reconstructed Roi Maps Of Radioactive Microsphere Derived Cerebral Blood Flow And Statistical Parametric Mapping, Anthony J. Mcgoron, Michael Capille, Michael F. Georgiou, Pablo Sanchez, Juan Solano, Manuel Gonzalez-Brito, John W. Kuluz
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Background Assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by SPECT could be important in the management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) because changes in regional CBF can affect outcome by promoting edema formation and intracranial pressure elevation (with cerebral hyperemia), or by causing secondary ischemic injury including post-traumatic stroke. The purpose of this study was to establish an improved method for evaluating regional CBF changes after TBI in piglets. Methods The focal effects of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) by SPECT cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) imaging in an animal model were investigated by …
Cognitive Performance And The Thymus Among Hiv-Infected Subjects Receiving Haart, Maria J. Miguez-Burbano, John E. Lewis, Jose Moreno, Joel Fishman
Cognitive Performance And The Thymus Among Hiv-Infected Subjects Receiving Haart, Maria J. Miguez-Burbano, John E. Lewis, Jose Moreno, Joel Fishman
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of alcohol use, which is widespread in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ individuals, on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated immune and cognitive improvements and the relationship between those two responses. Methods: In a case-control longitudinal study, thymic volume, cognition, and immune responses were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months therapy in HIV+ and HIV- controls. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the HIV Dementia Score (HDS) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Results: Prior to HAART, thymic volume varied considerably from 2.7 to 29.3 cm3 (11 ± 7.2 cm3). Thymic volume at baseline showed a …
Disaster Preparedness And The Chronic Disease Needs Of Vulnerable Older Adults, Nancy Aldrich, William F. Benson
Disaster Preparedness And The Chronic Disease Needs Of Vulnerable Older Adults, Nancy Aldrich, William F. Benson
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About 80% of older adults have at least one chronic condition that makes them more vulnerable than healthy people during a disaster. These chronic conditions ? combined with the physiological, sensory, and cognitive changes experienced as part of aging ? result in frail older adults having special needs during emergencies. Planning and coordination among public health and emergency preparedness professionals and professionals who provide services for the aging are essential to meet these special needs. Several tools and strategies already exist to help prepare these professionals to protect and assist older adults during a disaster. These include having professionals from …