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A Quest For Fair And Balanced: The Supreme Court, State Courts, And The Future Of Same-Sex Marriage Review After Perry, Chase D. Anderson
A Quest For Fair And Balanced: The Supreme Court, State Courts, And The Future Of Same-Sex Marriage Review After Perry, Chase D. Anderson
Duke Law Journal
Gay rights advocates and social conservatives alike have criticized the Supreme Court for its recent decisions concerning sexual orientation. An examination of those decisions reveals that, taken together, they represent a surprisingly careful balance. The result is a principle of neutrality in which the Court has effectively demanded that states refrain from taking either side in the culture war surrounding sexual orientation. The true test of that neutrality principle will arise when the Court considers the constitutionality of a same-sex marriage ban. Thus far, challenges have taken place in state courts under state constitutions; those judges appear to have been …
Mandatory Arrest For Misdemeanor Domestic Violence: Is Alaska’S Arrest Statute Constitutional?, Paul A. Clark
Mandatory Arrest For Misdemeanor Domestic Violence: Is Alaska’S Arrest Statute Constitutional?, Paul A. Clark
Alaska Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Rights Of Others: Legal Claims And Immigration Outside The Law, Hiroshi Motomura
The Rights Of Others: Legal Claims And Immigration Outside The Law, Hiroshi Motomura
Duke Law Journal
This Article analyzes the rights of unauthorized migrants and elucidates how these noncitizens are incompletely but importantly integrated into the U.S. legal system. I examine four topics: (1) state and local laws targeting unauthorized migrants, (2) workplace rights and remedies, (3) suppression of evidence from an unlawful search or seizure, and (4) the right to effective counsel in immigration court. These four inquiries show how unauthorized migrants though unable to assert individual rights as directly as U.S. citizens in the same circumstances can nevertheless assert rights indirectly and obliquely by making transsubstantive arguments that fall into five general patterns. The …
Title Vii, Voluntary Compliance And Ricci: Rescuing Municipalities From A Legal ‘Backdraft’, Jared D. Stueckle
Title Vii, Voluntary Compliance And Ricci: Rescuing Municipalities From A Legal ‘Backdraft’, Jared D. Stueckle
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
No abstract provided.
Struck By Stereotype: Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Pregnancy Discrimination As Sex Discrimination, Neil S. Siegel, Reva B. Siegel
Struck By Stereotype: Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Pregnancy Discrimination As Sex Discrimination, Neil S. Siegel, Reva B. Siegel
Duke Law Journal
It was always recognition that one thing that conspicuously distinguishes women from men is that only women become pregnant; and if you subject a woman to disadvantageous treatment on the basis of her pregnant status, which was what was happening to Captain Struck, you would be denying her equal treatment under the law.(1)
A Postscript To Struck By Stereotype, Ruth Bader Ginsburg
A Postscript To Struck By Stereotype, Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Glimmers Of Hope: The Evolution Of Equality Rights Doctrine In Japanese Courts From A Comparative Perspective, Craig Martin
Glimmers Of Hope: The Evolution Of Equality Rights Doctrine In Japanese Courts From A Comparative Perspective, Craig Martin
Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law
No abstract provided.
The Limits Of Advocacy, Amanda Frost
The Limits Of Advocacy, Amanda Frost
Duke Law Journal
Party control over case presentation is regularly cited as a defining characteristic of the American adversarial system. Accordingly, American judges are strongly discouraged from engaging in so-called "issue creation"-that is, raising legal claims and arguments that the parties have overlooked or ignored-on the ground that doing so is antithetical to an adversarial legal culture that values litigant autonomy and prohibits agenda setting by judges. And yet, despite the rhetoric, federal judges regularly inject new legal issues into ongoing cases. Landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and Mapp v. Ohio were decided on grounds never raised …
Transgendered In Alaska: Navigating The Changing Legal Landscape For Change In Gender Petitions, Leslie Dubois-Need, Amber Kingery
Transgendered In Alaska: Navigating The Changing Legal Landscape For Change In Gender Petitions, Leslie Dubois-Need, Amber Kingery
Alaska Law Review
No abstract provided.
Sentenced By Tradition: The Third-Party Custodian Condition Of Pretrial Release In Alaska, Elizabeth Johnston
Sentenced By Tradition: The Third-Party Custodian Condition Of Pretrial Release In Alaska, Elizabeth Johnston
Alaska Law Review
No abstract provided.
Does Gender Specificity In Constitutions Matter?, Laura E. Lucas
Does Gender Specificity In Constitutions Matter?, Laura E. Lucas
Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law
No abstract provided.
The Disparate Treatment Of Race And Class In Constitutional Jurisprudence, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky
The Disparate Treatment Of Race And Class In Constitutional Jurisprudence, Mario L. Barnes, Erwin Chemerinsky
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Abortion Post-Glucksberg And Post-Gonzales: Applying An Analysis That Demands Equality For Women Under The Law, Mary Kathryn Nagle
Abortion Post-Glucksberg And Post-Gonzales: Applying An Analysis That Demands Equality For Women Under The Law, Mary Kathryn Nagle
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
Because the government has historically enacted laws criminalizing abortion to preserve traditional stereotypes regarding a woman's domestic and subordinate position in society,22 abortion regulations necessitate an Equal Protection Clause analysis. [...] this article will examine first how Gonzales and Glucksberg forecast Roe's now inevitable demise, and accordingly, why abortion regulations must now be evaluated under an Equal Protection Clause analysis- in place of the crumbling Due Process Clause framework.23 Finally, this article will explain how and why the Partial Birth Abortion Act of 2003 violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What’S The Constitution Got To Do With It? Regulating Marriage In Pakistan, Karin Carmit Yefet
What’S The Constitution Got To Do With It? Regulating Marriage In Pakistan, Karin Carmit Yefet
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
[...] the supreme law of the land seems to embody a blatant contradiction. The Pakistani Constitution extends protection to an impressive catalog of fundamental rights, placing Pakistan in line with some of the most western-minded constitutional regimes in the world.3 At the same time, in contrast to the American-style constitutional commitment to separate church and state,4 the Pakistani regime is constitutionally committed to integrate the two, in the sense that all laws must conform to the injunctions of Islam as a condition of their constitutional validity.5 So the same Constitution that protects western fundamental rights also elevates Islamic law, a …
Restoring Rluipas Equal Terms Provision, Sarah Keeton Campbell
Restoring Rluipas Equal Terms Provision, Sarah Keeton Campbell
Duke Law Journal
The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act's (RLUIPA) equal terms provision prohibits government from implementing a land-use regulation in a manner that treats religious assemblies and institutions less favorably than secular assemblies and institutions. Lower courts have only begun to interpret and apply RLUIPA's equal terms provision, but already they have significantly weakened its protections of religious liberty by giving the provision unnecessarily restrictive interpretations. Not surprisingly, in light of the Supreme Court's invalidation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (RFRA), the lower courts' restrictive readings seen? driven by concerns that a broader interpretation would exceed Congress's …
What Can Brown Do For You?: Neutral Principles And The Struggle Over The Equal Protection Clause, Pamela S. Karlan
What Can Brown Do For You?: Neutral Principles And The Struggle Over The Equal Protection Clause, Pamela S. Karlan
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
A Man’S Right To Choose His Surname In Marriage: A Proposal, Michael Mahoney Frandina
A Man’S Right To Choose His Surname In Marriage: A Proposal, Michael Mahoney Frandina
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
[...] a brief history of marital and naming practices will outline how these two concepts have shifted to a primarily private issue today, as compared with the Middle Ages, when they were primarily public issues highly concerned with property matters. [...] naming involves important issues in the construction of one's identity.
Hindsight Is 20/20: Revisiting The Reapportionment Cases To Gain Perspective On Partisan Gerrymanders, Douglass Calidas
Hindsight Is 20/20: Revisiting The Reapportionment Cases To Gain Perspective On Partisan Gerrymanders, Douglass Calidas
Duke Law Journal
In the first decade of the twentieth century, political party operatives have manipulated the boundaries of congressional districting maps to an unprecedented extent in the interest of gaining partisan advantage. The judiciary, led by a fractured Supreme Court, has refused to intervene, holding claims of unconstitutional partisan gerrymandering nonjusticiable for want of a workable judicial standard. The epidemic of partisan gerrymandering has harmed the electoral process in ways that mirror the harm caused by legislative malapportionment prior to the 1960s. In that decade, the Court assertively invoked the Equal Protection Clause to effect reapportionment and bring congressional districting maps in …
Rendering Turner Toothless: The Supreme Court’S Decision In Beard V. Banks, Jennifer N. Wimsatt
Rendering Turner Toothless: The Supreme Court’S Decision In Beard V. Banks, Jennifer N. Wimsatt
Duke Law Journal
The Supreme Court has long recognized that prisoners' constitutional rights must be balanced against the need for deference to the decisions of prison administrators when prisoners' rights are restricted incident to their incarceration. The Court, however, has never explicitly recognized a theory of proper incarceration, yet it has implicitly adopted such a theory through its decisions regarding the constitutionally permitted level of restriction on particular prisoners' rights. This Note argues that the Court's prisoners' rights jurisprudence evinces a particular definition of proper incarceration and then reads the multiple opinions in Beard v. Banks consistently with that theory.
The Costs Of A “Free” Education: The Impact Of Schaffer V. Weast And Arlington V. Murphy On Litigation Under The Idea, Kelly D. Thomason
The Costs Of A “Free” Education: The Impact Of Schaffer V. Weast And Arlington V. Murphy On Litigation Under The Idea, Kelly D. Thomason
Duke Law Journal
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act guarantees to children with disabilities the right to receive a "free appropriate public education." This Note argues that the Supreme Court decisions Schaffer v. Weast and Arlington v. Murphy, cases dealing with procedural aspects of the Act, undermine a prior trend in IDEA litigation-a trend that had increased the substantive and procedural rights of children with disabilities. Considered together, the Schaffer and Arlington decisions ignore the realities of the litigation process and impose significant burdens on parents attempting to ensure that their children receive the free appropriate education to which they are entitled.
Forgotten Racial Equality: Implicit Bias, Decisionmaking, And Misremembering, Justin D. Levinson
Forgotten Racial Equality: Implicit Bias, Decisionmaking, And Misremembering, Justin D. Levinson
Duke Law Journal
In this Article, I claim that judges and jurors unknowingly misremember case facts in racially biased ways. Drawing upon studies from implicit social cognition, human memory research, and legal decisionmaking, I argue that implicit racial biases affect the way judges and jurors encode, store, and recall relevant case facts. I then explain how this phenomenon perpetuates racial bias in case outcomes. To test the hypothesis that judges and jurors misremember case facts in racially biased ways, I conducted an empirical study in which participants were asked to recall facts of stories they had read only minutes earlier. Results of the …
“But Some Of [Them] Are Brave”: Identity Performance, The Military, And The Dangers Of An Integration Success Story, Mario L. Barnes
“But Some Of [Them] Are Brave”: Identity Performance, The Military, And The Dangers Of An Integration Success Story, Mario L. Barnes
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
By dislodging the story and acknowledging the effects of unconscious bias, the Armed Forces will be better able to address the ways in which some use identity-race in particular-as a tool to stigmatize, dishonor, and disfavor group members based on their perceived characteristics.11 As it currently stands, the operation of unconscious biases interacts with Armed Forces' institutional policy choices-such as a commitment to formal equality achieved through race- and gender-neutral regulations-and organizational social norms to negatively shape the work "performance"12 of women and minority service members.
Constructing The Co-Ed Military, Elaine Donnelly
Constructing The Co-Ed Military, Elaine Donnelly
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
During a pre-launch test of the Apollo One spacecraft,1 an electrical spark ignited the pure-oxygen atmosphere inside the cramped capsule, killing astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White, and Roger Chafee.2 Critics demanded to know why the mechanical and electrical engineers of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) failed to recognize the inherent dangers of operating in a pure-oxygen environment. To ensure that the intent of Congress is carried out with regard to homosexuals in the military, the Secretary of Defense should: * Improve understanding and enforcement of the law by eliminating the Clinton Administration's enforcement regulations, known as "Don't Ask, …
Grappling With “Solicitation”: The Need For Statutory Reform In North Carolina After Lawrence V. Texas, Christopher R. Murray
Grappling With “Solicitation”: The Need For Statutory Reform In North Carolina After Lawrence V. Texas, Christopher R. Murray
Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy
Teresa Pope was charged with solicitation of the crime against nature for offering oral sex for money to two undercover police officers.5 Solicitation is an inchoate offense-like attempt or conspiracy-that relies on the criminality of the underlying conduct. 6 Although oral sex by itself cannot be criminalized post-Lawrence, the North Carolina Court of Appeals held in State v. Pope that the charge of solicitation of the crime against nature survived Lawrence by virtue of an exception in that decision allowing criminalization of prostitution. "10 In State v. Richardson, the Supreme Court of North Carolina construed this statute to apply only …
Broad Exemptions In Animal-Cruelty Statutes Unconstitutionally Deny Equal Protection Of The Law, William A. Reppy Jr.
Broad Exemptions In Animal-Cruelty Statutes Unconstitutionally Deny Equal Protection Of The Law, William A. Reppy Jr.
Law and Contemporary Problems
This article considers the history, interpretation, and constitutionality of statutory exemptions that preclude prosecution either for misdemeanor or felony violation of North Carolina's criminal animal-cruelty statute, section 14-3601 of the General Statutes, in nine situations.
Race-Conscious Student Assignment Plans: Balkanization, Integration, And Individualized Consideration, Neil S. Siegel
Race-Conscious Student Assignment Plans: Balkanization, Integration, And Individualized Consideration, Neil S. Siegel
Duke Law Journal
In deciding Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education and Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, the Supreme Court of the United States will likely confront a critical issue to emerge from the lower court opinions on voluntary integration plans: whether school districts that use race as a factor in student assignment must comply with a legal requirement of individualized consideration. The Court has imposed such a requirement in other contexts, but it has not clearly explained what the concept of individualized consideration means and why particular forms of it matter.
An Empirical Examination Of The Equal Protection Challenge To Contingency Fee Restrictions In Medical Malpractice Reform Statutes, Casey L. Dwyer
An Empirical Examination Of The Equal Protection Challenge To Contingency Fee Restrictions In Medical Malpractice Reform Statutes, Casey L. Dwyer
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Johnson V. California: A Grayer Shade Of Brown, Brandon N. Robinson
Johnson V. California: A Grayer Shade Of Brown, Brandon N. Robinson
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
A National Model For Reconciling Equal Protection For Same-Sex Couples With State Marriage Amendments: Alaska Civil Liberties Union Ex Rel. Carter V. Alaska, Eric J. Lobsinger
A National Model For Reconciling Equal Protection For Same-Sex Couples With State Marriage Amendments: Alaska Civil Liberties Union Ex Rel. Carter V. Alaska, Eric J. Lobsinger
Alaska Law Review
No abstract provided.
Title Vii Disparate Impact Suits Against State Governments After Hibbs And Lane, Claude Platton
Title Vii Disparate Impact Suits Against State Governments After Hibbs And Lane, Claude Platton
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.