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Adolescents' Peer Status, Social Behaviors, And Social Information Processing For Social Behaviors, Michelle Wright
Adolescents' Peer Status, Social Behaviors, And Social Information Processing For Social Behaviors, Michelle Wright
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have conceptualized of two types of high peer statuses (i.e., perceived popularity, social preference), each associated with distinctive behavioral characteristics (Coie et al., 1982; Mayeux & Cillessen, 2004; Parkhurst & Hopmeyer, 1998). Perceived popularity is positively associated with both relational aggression and prosocial behaviors (Cillessen & Mayeux, 2004; Rodkin et al., 2000; Rose et al., 2004; Rubin et al., 1998). On the other hand, social preference is negatively related to relational aggression but positively linked to prosocial behavior (Rose et al., 2004). The social information processing model may provide a better understanding of adolescents’ unique behavioral characteristics as their …
Natural Mentoring Relationships As A Buffer Against The Negative Effects Of Stressors On Academic Outcomes Of Latino Adolescents, Claudio Rivera
Natural Mentoring Relationships As A Buffer Against The Negative Effects Of Stressors On Academic Outcomes Of Latino Adolescents, Claudio Rivera
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This cross-sectional study examined 192 Latino adolescents in their ninth grade of high school. A resiliency theory framework was used for this study. The purpose of the study was to determine if natural mentoring relationships served a compensatory and protective role against stressors on the academic outcomes of Latino adolescents in their first year of high school. Using multiple hierarchical regression analyses, it was determined that stressors and mentoring relationship quality had main effects and interaction effects on the academic outcomes of Latino adolescents. Thus, support for the compensatory and protective model of resilience was provided in some aspects of …
Examining Attitudes And Exposure To Poverty Among Undergraduate Students: Contextual Factors, Kathleen Elizabeth Mcauliff
Examining Attitudes And Exposure To Poverty Among Undergraduate Students: Contextual Factors, Kathleen Elizabeth Mcauliff
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In light of the recent economic downturn, poverty is an issue of increasing concerns. Attitudes towards individuals living in poverty, as well as explanations for poverty, vary and may be influenced by contextual factors, such as media portrayals, culture, and exposure. Attitudes and explanations for poverty among undergraduate students were compared among undergraduates (n = 268) who had varying amount of exposure (volunteering and socioeconomic status) to poverty. Three 2x3x3 ANOVAs demonstrated no significant three-way interactions between campus ministry engagement, volunteer hours, and self-identified socioeconomic status on three subscales of the Undergraduate Perceptions of Poverty Tracking Attitudes Survey ( …
Gender, Country And Community: Exploring Safety, Trust And Empowerment Among Immigrant Survivors Of Torture., Nancy Bothne
Gender, Country And Community: Exploring Safety, Trust And Empowerment Among Immigrant Survivors Of Torture., Nancy Bothne
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This study explores the community lives of immigrant survivors of torture living in theUnited States. The experiences of survivors in their countries of origin and theUnited Statesare examined by gender. This qualitative study relied on interviews with 16 survivors from multiple countries. The participation of a dissertation advisory group contributed to the study’s integrity, as did collaboration with community partners including a torture survivor advocacy group. The study found that the psychological elements of safety, trust and empowerment are important to both women and men. The lack of empowerment of people to counter claims of their government motivated these participants …
Identification And Integration Within Campus Life Among First-Generation U.S. Citizens: An Exploration Of Campus Climate Perception, Shannon Marie Williams
Identification And Integration Within Campus Life Among First-Generation U.S. Citizens: An Exploration Of Campus Climate Perception, Shannon Marie Williams
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The current study explored the relationships within a higher education institution between innovative and inclusive mission-identity perceptions and school sense of community among first-generation U.S. citizens and first-generation college students, with varying racial backgrounds. During Fall 2012, a total of 4,492 participants at a large, urban, and Catholic university completed the Innovative and Inclusive (I/I) subscale from the DePaul Mission and Values Inventory as well as the School Sense of Community (SSOC) scale. Two 2 x 2 x 5 ANCOVAS were run to determine whether there were any differences across generation statuses and racial background for both measures. Additionally, regression …
Titration Calorimetric Study Of The Interaction Among Calcium, Bile Salts, And The Tetracyclines, Karla Arias
Titration Calorimetric Study Of The Interaction Among Calcium, Bile Salts, And The Tetracyclines, Karla Arias
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics that are known to bind physiologically relevant metal ions, such as Ca2+, for antibacterial activity. The formation of the[ antibiotic-Ca2+l complex can interact with components in the gastrointestinal tract, including the bile salts, and reduce their absorption into the blood plasma after oral administration. Metal ion interactions between Ca2+ and tetracycline have been the focus of numerous studies while interactions with minocyclinc and tigccyclinc have been scarcely explored. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was employed to study the interaction of three members of the tetracycline family, tetracycline (TtC), minocyclinc (MC), and tigecycline (TgC), with …
Na+/K+-Atpase Isoform Regulation In Three-Spine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus) During Salinity Acclimation, Shelby Judd
Na+/K+-Atpase Isoform Regulation In Three-Spine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus) During Salinity Acclimation, Shelby Judd
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Most marine and all freshwater fishes regulate the ionic and osmotic composition of their extracellular fluids different from the outside environment. The gills play a prominent osmoregulatory role in maintaining whole body ion and water balance in fish living in both freshwater and saltwater environments. The ability of the gill to regulate salts is dependent on the action of the Na+/K+-ATPase. When euryhaline fishes, fishes able to tolerate changes in external salinity, experience changes in environmental salinity, they alter their gill physiology and Na+/K+-ATPase activity to handle changing osmotic and ionic stresses. …
An Examination Through An Ecological Lenses Of The Relationships Among Stressors, Protective Factors, And Psychological Outcomes In The Lives Of Urban Adolescents, Megha Tailor
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Many urban youth are exposed to substantial rates of stressors within different levels of their environment which increases their likelihood for experiencing negative mental health outcomes. Some emerging research suggests that traditional individually-based and family-based protective factors have a limited role in protecting urban youth facing community-based stressors. This study examined whether community-based protective factors moderated the relationship between community-based stressors and psychological symptoms in a sample of 384 urban youth recruited from three schools in the Midwest region. Some support for hypothesis I was found. In particular, community-based protective factor (i.e. religion) was found to lessen the impact of …
Moderators Of The Efficacy Of Child Obesity Prevention: Exploration Of A, Sabrina Karczewski
Moderators Of The Efficacy Of Child Obesity Prevention: Exploration Of A, Sabrina Karczewski
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
School-based child obesity intervention literature demonstrates variable body mass index (BMI) related outcomes, but studies do not typically explore the effect of interventions on psychological outcomes nor do they examine the interactions between participation in the intervention and individual participant characteristics. In this study, the effects of a universal school-based obesity prevention were examined on the outcomes of BMI, internalizing, and externalizing outcomes. Potential moderators of the relationship between participation in the intervention and outcomes included ethnicity, baseline weight class, baseline internalizing symptoms, and baseline externalizing symptoms. Results confirm differential benefits of the intervention based on a variety of baseline …
Effects Of Goal Orientation Profile Types On Organizational Outcoms In Veterinarians, Kathleen Arnold
Effects Of Goal Orientation Profile Types On Organizational Outcoms In Veterinarians, Kathleen Arnold
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Goal orientation and work avoidance dimensions and profiles were studied in relationship to performance, satisfaction, self-efficacy, commitment and tenure. It was found that dimensions were the only significant predictors of satisfaction and self-efficacy. Still, there was evidence that the profiles were related to outcomes and, specifically, profiles were a stronger predictor of tenure. In addition, the dimension of work avoidance appears to provide additional information to the emerging profile types. These results provide important evidence of the emerging common goal orientation profile types. These groups were found to have different outcomes, most notably in performance and tenure. This research provides …
Continuity Of Conduct And Substance Use Disorders Among Adolescents In The One Year And Two Years Following Exposure To Substance Abuse Treatment, Brian Mcmanus
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The current study utilized a sample of 138 adolescents from a short-term inpatient chemical dependency recovery hospital. Analyses utilized scales from the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN), a semi-structured interview that was administered multiple times over the two years after treatment intake. Analyses examined the persistence of substance abuse, conduct disorder symptomatology, delinquent behavior, and mental distress following treatment. A primary goal of the study was to examine whether adolescents with severe conduct disorder (i.e., those engaging in behaviors causing considerable harm to others) followed different trajectories than their mild/moderate counterparts. This inquiry was predicated largely on research that …
A Comparison Of Lmx, Communication, And Demographic Differences In Remote And Co-Located Supervisor-Subordinate Dyads, Larisa Niedle
A Comparison Of Lmx, Communication, And Demographic Differences In Remote And Co-Located Supervisor-Subordinate Dyads, Larisa Niedle
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The objectives of this research were to examine the growing organizational trends of distributed work, reliance on various media for communication, and increased diversity in the workforce. Napier and Ferris' (1993) theory of distance, which includes structural, functional, and psychological distance, served as a framework for much of this research. Leader-Member Exchange theory (LMX), which Napier and Ferris (1993) translated into the functional distance component of their theory, was used to inform hypotheses on supervisor-subordinate relationships and performance ratings. Communication theories of media richness and social presence were used as a basis for the hypotheses involving communication. Finally, the similarity-attraction …
Effectiveness Of Housing First For Non-Chronically Homeless Individuals Who Are High Utilizers Of Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment, Molly Brown
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Chronic homelessness refers to a subset of the homeless population that experiences significant, long-term patterns of housing instability and disabling conditions, such as mental illness. Individuals who are chronically homeless are particularly vulnerable to poor physical and psychological health and often over-utilize costly emergency services. Programs providing housing and support services, referred to as Housing First, have been developed to improve housing stability among people who are chronically homeless by offering permanent housing without preconditions of sobriety or psychiatric treatment compliance.
Housing First is traditionally provided to individuals with a history of chronic homelessness. However, it may also be an …
The Role Of The Black Church In Addressing Ipv At The Community Level, Monika Black
The Role Of The Black Church In Addressing Ipv At The Community Level, Monika Black
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a signific.ant concern within the Black community and, in particular, for Black women. However, IPV is not always identified as a critical issue for the Black community to collectively respond to and/ or adequately address. Without an appropriate support system, many survivors dealing with IPV are left without sufficient resources. The purpose of this study was to conduct an organizational level analysis of the role the urban Black church can play in providing a continuum of supportive services for primarily heterosexual female survivors of IPV in the Black: community. For this study.twenty-five church leaders completed …
Internalizing Symptoms In Youth: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model Of Maternal Symptoms And Parent-Child Interactions, Sarah Bostick
Internalizing Symptoms In Youth: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model Of Maternal Symptoms And Parent-Child Interactions, Sarah Bostick
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
None supplied.
Interaction Effects Of Multiple Levels Of Disadvantage And Kinship Foster Care In African American Youth, Anne Rufa
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Child welfare services' current practice is to attempt to identify kinship foster settings first when removing a child from their home, a practice used disproportionately for African American youth. In this study, potential contextual factors of foster homes (i.e., community environment, caregiver's age, caregiver's physical health) were identified as possible moderators of the relationship between the type of out-of-home placement (i.e., kinship, other out-of-home placement) used and changes in internalizing and externalizing scores in African American youth. Results confirm a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing scores when youth are placed in kinship foster homes with caregivers who are older …
Effects Of Timeframe On The Recall Reliability Of Me/Cfs Symptoms, Meredyth Evans
Effects Of Timeframe On The Recall Reliability Of Me/Cfs Symptoms, Meredyth Evans
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This study served as an investigation of the effects of symptom stability, timeframe length, and momentary symptom severity on the recall reliability of symptoms experienced by individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). ME/CFS symptoms were assessed at four recall timeframes (right now, the past week, the past month, and the past six months) and at two assessment points. Analyses revealed that test-retest reliability was significantly stronger for recall of post-exertlonal malaise (PEM), headaches, and memory problems, when these symptoms were perceived to be stable over time rather than variable. It was also revealed that the optimal timeframe for variable …
Meaning, Morality, And Fluid Compensation In Response To Attitude Threat, Geoffrey Wetherell
Meaning, Morality, And Fluid Compensation In Response To Attitude Threat, Geoffrey Wetherell
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Research demonstrates that people desire a sense of existential meaning in life, and imbue attitudes with a sense of moral conviction. People want to protect their beliefs, because they help them to create a sense of meaning in life. No research however, has examined whether or not moral conviction, a facet of attitude strength associated with a sense of ultimate right or wrong, contributes to one's sense of meaning in life. Furthermore, no research has tested whether or not threatening attitudes leads people to imbue them with increased moral conviction, possible as a means of protecting attitudes, and the sense …
Applicant Behavior On Internet Job Boards: The Effects Of Content And Style, Samuel Young
Applicant Behavior On Internet Job Boards: The Effects Of Content And Style, Samuel Young
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Although job boards are the largest single source of recruitment in the modern workplace, little research on what influences job seeker behavior has been conducted in this context. In order to address this gap in the literature, the present research draws on the theories of planned behavior and signaling theory to hypothesize a series of factors that may impact job seeker behavior. Despite theoretical support for many job posting characteristics, only formatting influenced job seeker behavior. Discussion of the implications and areas for future research are presented.
High Resolution Observations Of 36 Ghz Class I Methanol Masers At Sites Of 6.7 Ghz Class Ii Methanol Masers In Star Forming Regions, Jared Hennen
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis we present high angular resolution data on 36 GHz Class I methanol masers associated with sites of 6.7 GHz Class II methanol masers. We observed twenty-three 36 GHz Class I methanol masers in seven star forming regions with the Jansky Very Large Array radio telescope. Our observations have made possible the first high angular resolution maps of 36 GHz masers in several star forming regions, and demonstrated cases where the morphology is highly suggestive of arcs and other structures known to be found at shock interfaces in such regions. The two classes of methanol masers are created …
Attracting Talent Across Cultures: The Impact Of Cultural Values On Generating And Maintaining Applicants, Emily Twichell
Attracting Talent Across Cultures: The Impact Of Cultural Values On Generating And Maintaining Applicants, Emily Twichell
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The current study investigated whether different strategies for attracting and maintaining applicants should be used in order to effectively recruit talent from different cultures, which had not been previously researched. It was predicted that culture would have a direct impact on what attracts individuals to apply to an organization, what causes them not to submit an application, and the length of time between submitting an application and being invited to interview. Additionally, it was predicted that culture would interact with perceptions of job posting content, application length, recruiter perceptions, and time delays in predicting job pursuit intentions and changes in …
A Case Study Of A Therapeutic Day School's Implementation Of Response To Intervention: The Implementation Process And Impact On Student Behavioral And Academic Functioning, Sophia Duffy
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Response to Intervention (Rtl) has been shown to be effective in improving student academic outcomes, and evaluations of the implementation process have been done in traditional. school settings. Research on Rtl implementation and effectiveness has excluded nontraditional school settings. Using a case study, mixed methods approach, this study fills this gap in the literature by evaluating the implementation process and effectiveness ofRtl at a therapeutic day school. Similar themes regarding the implementation process were found in this study as was found in traditional schools, such as implementation fidelity, importance of teacher training, challenges v.ith well defmed frameworks and practices, significance …
The Effects Of Motivations To Resist Social Change And Accept Inequality On Perceptions Of System Legitimacy, Mark Brandt
The Effects Of Motivations To Resist Social Change And Accept Inequality On Perceptions Of System Legitimacy, Mark Brandt
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Two theories. system justification theory (SJT) and social dominance theory (SDT). both attempt to explain the prevalence and stability of unequal social systems and are o-ften consider analogous by their proponents. With the newly proposed Two Dimensional i'vlodel of System Legitimacy (2D-iv10SL). 1 argue that each theory captures a dimension of system relevant motivations: the resistance to social change (RSC). has primarily been studied by SJT and ranges on a continuum from the resistance to the acceptance of social change and the acceptance of inequality (AOI). has primarily been studied by SDT and ranges on a continuum !rom the acceptance …
Advancing Social Change Goals Through Partnership: Community Partner Perspectives, Liezl Alcantara
Advancing Social Change Goals Through Partnership: Community Partner Perspectives, Liezl Alcantara
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Within recent years, researchers have turned their attention to assessing community impact of community-university partnerships. The sustainability of successful partnerships hinges upon evaluating partnership outcomes and integrating community feedback into practice. Successful partnerships between universities and community-based organizations (CBOs) have the potential to critically address social issues and attain social change goals, but to what extent do existing partnerships actualize this potential? The present Dissertation research yields important insights that address this question.
Marullo et al. (2003) described four types of goals associated with social change initiatives: Enhancing capacity, increasing efficiency, empowering constituents, and altering policies or …
The Role Of Attributions In Stereotype Threat Effects: Female Achievements In Stem Domains, Caitlyn Yantis
The Role Of Attributions In Stereotype Threat Effects: Female Achievements In Stem Domains, Caitlyn Yantis
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Despite some advances, the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields persists. Stereotype threat has been cited as a debilitating phenomenon that may contribute to the underrepresentation of women in STEM domains (e.g., Ambady, Shih, Kim, & Pittinsky,2001). Using the attributional model of stereotypes (Reyna, 2000), the current work explores the role of attributions in a stereotype threat context. Seventy-two female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four attribution conditions to explain female detriments in logical reasoning: effort, ability, society, or no stereotype. All participants then completed a test of logical reasoning. Although previous research has …
The First Year College Experience: Predictors Of Natural Mentoring Relationships & Students' Academic Outcomes, Luciano Berardi
The First Year College Experience: Predictors Of Natural Mentoring Relationships & Students' Academic Outcomes, Luciano Berardi
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Literature on college mentoring suggests that mentoring relationships has a positive effect on college students’ outcomes (Crisp & Cruz, 2009; Jacobi, 1991). The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of parental attachment and help-seeking strategies in the number of mentoring relationships reported by college students and the role of mentoring in students’ adjustment to the first year transition to college. Moos’ (2002) theoretical framework is used to root the study on an ecological viewpoint of college transition, because it proposes that individual characteristics and the environment thought which a person transitions affect one another and influence individual …
Assembly Of The Didymium Iridis Mitochondrial Genome By Genome Walking, Dale Kopp
Assembly Of The Didymium Iridis Mitochondrial Genome By Genome Walking, Dale Kopp
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Organelle inheritance and RNA editing has been studied in Didymium iridis even though the genome has not been completely sequenced. Four segments, comprising 66 kb, have been sequenced in the past. Several approaches have been taken to complete the sequence including restriction mapping and southern hybridization, as well as screening clone banks by PCR with the sequence of contig ends. In this study, genome walking was used to uncover sequences connecting the four segments. Using genome walking, approximately 4,113 bp of new sequence was identified. With the new sequence and the characterization of two previously sequenced D. iridis mt regions …
Social Status Differences In Hostile Attribution Biases And Reactive Aggression, James Davis
Social Status Differences In Hostile Attribution Biases And Reactive Aggression, James Davis
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
A person's standing within a social hierarchy can have a pervasive influence on patterns of attribution,especially when presented with an ambiguous social provocation. Those with low social status are devalued by society and this sense of threatened social worth motivates social vigilance and influences patterns of social cognition and behavior. Integrating Attribution Theory (e.g., Heider 1958; Weiner, 1986} with predictions of Social Information Processing Theory (SIP;Crick & Dodge, 1994; Dodge & Pettit, 2003) and Stigma Compensation Theory (STC; Henry, 2009; 2011), this research suggests the possibility that status-based differences in hostile attributions and reactive aggression are mediated by threatened social …
Pupil Size As A Physiological Correlate For Facilitatory And Inhibitory Effects In Masked Priming, Jason Geller
Pupil Size As A Physiological Correlate For Facilitatory And Inhibitory Effects In Masked Priming, Jason Geller
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Two studies examined the effects of word (study 1) and nonword (study 2) primes in word recognition, utilizing a masked priming procedure (Forster & Davis, 1984). The primary objective of both studies was to replicate the results obtained by Davis and Lupker (2006)—that is, inhibition from related word primes and facilitation for nonword primes—using a common dependent measure, reaction time, and a measure not yet utilized in the word recognition literature—pupil dilation. Study 1 found nominal evidence corroborating the inhibitory nature of word primes. In the RTs analysis, only word frequency effects arose. Further, pupil dilation analysis did not show …
H20 Maser Observations In W3 (Oh): A Comparison Of Two Epochs, Steven Merriman
H20 Maser Observations In W3 (Oh): A Comparison Of Two Epochs, Steven Merriman
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
We present high resolution observations of 22 GHz H$_{2}$O masers toward the star forming region W3(OH), taken during two epochs using the Very Long Baseline Array telescope. We detected a total of 54 masers in observation BS198A, and 67 in BS198B, arranged in 3 groups. We determined that the observation BS198A took place during a period of quiescence, while BS198B was observed during a flaring period. We interpreted the maser morphology as lying on the eastern (Group 1) and western (Group 3) ends of an outflow, as well as near the outflow base (Group 2). We observed a velocity drift …