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Articles 1 - 30 of 116
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Nos-Based Biopolymers: Towards Novel Thromboresistant No-Release Materials, Charbel Abou Diwan
Nos-Based Biopolymers: Towards Novel Thromboresistant No-Release Materials, Charbel Abou Diwan
ETD Archive
Nitric Oxide releasing biopolymers have the potential to prolong vascular graft and stent potency without adverse systemic vasodilation. It was reported in literature that eNOS-overexpressing endothelial cell seeding of synthetic small diameter vascular grafts decreased human platelet aggregation by 46 and bovine aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation by 67.2 in vitro. We hypothesized that incorporating the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in biocompatible polymeric matrix will provide a source of NO that utilizes endogenous compounds to maintain an unlimited supply of NO. To test this hypothesis, we have incorporated the enzyme nitric oxide synthase into a polyethyleneimine film using a …
Structural Studies Of Talin-Mediated Integrin Activation, Esen Bakhautdin
Structural Studies Of Talin-Mediated Integrin Activation, Esen Bakhautdin
ETD Archive
Activation of heterodimeric (alpha/beta) integrin transmembrane receptors by the cytoskeletal protein talin is essential for many important cell adhesive responses including cell-extracellular matrix contact, cell motility and survival. A key step in this process involves interaction of phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain in the N-terminal head of talin (talin-H) with integrin beta3membrane-proximal cytoplasmic tails (beta-MP-CTs). Compared to talin-H, intact talin exhibits low potency in inducing integrin activation. Using TROSY NMR spectroscopy, we found that the large C-terminal rod domain of talin (talin-R) interacts with talin-H and allosterically restrains talin in a closed conformation. Structural, mutational, and biochemical analyses demonstrate that talin-R specifically …
Time Relaxed Round Robin Tournament And The Nba Scheduling Problem, Renjun Bao
Time Relaxed Round Robin Tournament And The Nba Scheduling Problem, Renjun Bao
ETD Archive
This dissertation study was inspired by the National Basketball Association regular reason scheduling problem. NBA uses the time-relaxed round robin tournament format, which has drawn less research attention compared to the other scheduling formats. Besides NBA, the National Hockey League and many amateur leagues use the time-relaxed round robin tournament as well. This dissertation study is the first ever to examine the properties of general time-relaxed round robin tournaments. Single round, double round and multiple round time-relaxed round robin tournaments are defined. The integer programming and constraint programming models for those tournaments scheduling are developed and presented. Because of the …
Application Of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography To The Evalution Of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque, Mitya M. Barreto
Application Of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography To The Evalution Of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque, Mitya M. Barreto
ETD Archive
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is responsible for around 50 of cardiovascular deaths in USA. Early detection and characterization of coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque could help prevent cardiac events. Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent modality for imaging calcifications and has higher spatial resolution than other common non-invasive modalities (e.g MRI), making it more suitable for coronary plaque detection. However, attenuation-based classification of non-calcified plaques as fibrous or lipid is difficult with conventional CT, which relies on a single x-ray energy. Dual-energy CT (DECT) may provide additional attenuation data for the identification and discrimination of plaque components. The purpose of this …
Perceptions Of Two Educational Technology Standards;A Case Study Of An Ohio Urban K-12 School District, Christopher J. Braat
Perceptions Of Two Educational Technology Standards;A Case Study Of An Ohio Urban K-12 School District, Christopher J. Braat
ETD Archive
This study investigated relationships of 42 faculty and administrators' perceptions in the evaluation of educational technology in an Ohio K-12 urban school district using demographics and two national evaluation standards. The standards used were the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and Joint Committee Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE). This study presented analysis of quantitative survey data to establish standards awareness and determine significant relationships between perceptions, demographic characteristics and standards in evaluating educational technology. The findings suggest higher levels of awareness and significant relationships for NCES standards over JCSEE standards. Statistically significant, relatively low relationships exist between perceptions of …
Subject Specific Computational Models Of The Knee To Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Bhushan S. Borotikar
Subject Specific Computational Models Of The Knee To Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Bhushan S. Borotikar
ETD Archive
Knee joint is a complex joint involving multiple interactions between cartilage, bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons and neural control. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one ligament in the knee joint that frequently gets injured during various sports or recreational activities. ACL injuries are common in college level and professional athletes especially in females and the injury rate is growing in epidemic proportions despite significant increase in the research focusing on neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programs. Most ACL injuries lead to surgical reconstruction followed by a lengthy rehabilitation program impacting the health and performance of the athlete. Furthermore, the athlete is still …
Development Of A Focused Broadband Ultrasonic Transducer For High Resolution Fundamental And Harmonic Intravascular Imaging, Chaitanya K. Chandrana
Development Of A Focused Broadband Ultrasonic Transducer For High Resolution Fundamental And Harmonic Intravascular Imaging, Chaitanya K. Chandrana
ETD Archive
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is increasingly employed for detection and evaluation of coronary artery diseases. Tissue Harmonic Imaging provides different tissue information that could additionally be used to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, current IVUS systems, with their unfocussed transducers, may not be capable of operating in harmonic imaging mode. Thus, there is a need to develop suitable transducers and appropriate techniques to allow imaging in multi modes for complementary diagnostic information. Focused PVDF TrFE transducers were developed using MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems) compatible protocols. The transducers were characterized using pulse-echo techniques and exhibited broad bandwidth (110 at -6dB) with axial resolutions of Such …
Homeostatic Regulation Of Interleukin-4-Mediated Cell Signaling, Rikhia Chakraborty
Homeostatic Regulation Of Interleukin-4-Mediated Cell Signaling, Rikhia Chakraborty
ETD Archive
Cytokines are intracellular messengers that activate multiple signaling pathways and regulate cell survival, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and immune responses. We are investigating the homeostatic control of cytokine-mediated cell signaling using interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a model cytokine. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for cytokine-dependent signal transduction through the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Jak-STAT) pathway. Therefore, protein tyrosine dephosphorylation is a key mechanism providing the homeostatic control of the pathway. Here, we have shown for the first time that immediately following ligand-dependent activation, IL-4 receptor induces an intracellular calcium flux via insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma …
Role Of Kcnma1 In The Pathogenesis Of Gepd Syndrome, Wei Du
Role Of Kcnma1 In The Pathogenesis Of Gepd Syndrome, Wei Du
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Regulation Of Monocyte Nadph Oxidase;Role Of Pattern Recognition Receptors, Deena H. Elsori
Regulation Of Monocyte Nadph Oxidase;Role Of Pattern Recognition Receptors, Deena H. Elsori
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Strategic Price Competition And Price Disperion In The Airline Industry;A Conceptual Framework And Empirical Analysis, Edward D. Gailey
Strategic Price Competition And Price Disperion In The Airline Industry;A Conceptual Framework And Empirical Analysis, Edward D. Gailey
ETD Archive
It is a generally accepted belief in marketing literature that variation in prices, i.e. price dispersion, is a critical, strategic factor that influences product demand, profitability, and social welfare. While there is a substantial amount of research on price dispersion, prior research has mainly studied price dispersion in the context of consumer heterogeneity, and not comprehensively studied the effects of competition on price dispersion. According to the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm, market structure and firm conduct are important indicators of firm performance and long-term sustainable competitive advantage. A greater understanding of the influences of market structure and competition on price dispersion …
Writing Instruction And Standardized Reading Scores Among Secondary Students, Donna B. Feldman
Writing Instruction And Standardized Reading Scores Among Secondary Students, Donna B. Feldman
ETD Archive
The reading scores on the Nation's Report Card for 2007 indicate that not all children share the same proficiency in literacy. Reading and writing require the use of similar cognitive processes, yet few studies focus on this relationship or how writing can be a tool for reading remediation. The research questions in this study addressed the extent to which: (a) differences occur in the time spent on writing instruction by genre, instructional methodology, and the phase of writing between middle and high school teachers (b) the amount of time teachers provide writing instruction, the instructional methodology, the genre addressed in …
Culturally Responsive Professional Development Through Conceptual Change; A Case Study Of Substitute Teachers In Urban School Districts, Frank J. Feola
Culturally Responsive Professional Development Through Conceptual Change; A Case Study Of Substitute Teachers In Urban School Districts, Frank J. Feola
ETD Archive
The purposes of this research were to analyze the influence of participants' experiences on their culturally responsive pedagogical development and consider the policy implications for higher education, schools and school districts, and the state. Four substitute teachers from three urban school districts participated in a professional development experience--autodidactic cultural diversity development--to learn about culturally responsive pedagogy and implement it in their classrooms. Participants' upbringing, collegiate experiences, substitute teaching experiences, and the professional development influenced their development as culturally responsive educators. This research may also be used to inform policy discussions regarding the value and applicability of the substitute teaching experience …
Politics And Parochial Schools In Archbishop John Purcell's Ohio, James A. Gutowski
Politics And Parochial Schools In Archbishop John Purcell's Ohio, James A. Gutowski
ETD Archive
This study chronicles the contentious relationship between advocates of public schools and those promoting Catholic education in Ohio during the career of Archbishop John Purcell of Cincinnati. Using information culled from qualitative research into primary resources such as personal correspondence, published proceedings and newspaper articles of the time, this monograph reconstructs a history of philosophical and political conflict accompanying the parallel development of two burgeoning school systems. The years from 1833 to 1883 saw the development of an equilibrium between the two systems that helped to define Thomas Jefferson's concept of the "wall of separation" between church and state. Public …
Regulation Of Apoptosis By The Muscle Regulatory Transcription Factor Myod, Terri J. Harford
Regulation Of Apoptosis By The Muscle Regulatory Transcription Factor Myod, Terri J. Harford
ETD Archive
We have previously reported that the level of MyoD expression correlates with the level of apoptosis that occurs in a subpopulation of skeletal myoblasts induced to differentiate by serum withdrawal. Herein we document that MyoD expression dictates the apoptotic threshold in myoblasts and fibroblasts in response to a variety of apoptotic stimuli. Specifically, re-expression of MyoD in skeletal myoblasts rendered defective for both differentiation and apoptosis by the expression of oncogenic Ras restores their ability to undergo both differentiation and apoptosis in response to serum withdrawal. Further, using a fibroblast cell line expressing an estrogen receptor:MyoD fusion protein, we have …
Cofactor Control Of A Vital Enzymatic Reaction;The Effect Of Factor Va On Thrombin Formation During Blood Coagulation, Jamila Hirbawi
Cofactor Control Of A Vital Enzymatic Reaction;The Effect Of Factor Va On Thrombin Formation During Blood Coagulation, Jamila Hirbawi
ETD Archive
The LONG-TERM goal of our research is to study and analyze the structure and function of the factor V molecule in order to understand its regulatory effects on the natural process of hemostasis and its role in the life-threatening development of deep venous thrombosis. The SHORT-TERM goal of our research is to identify the amino acid residue(s) of factor V that interact with prothrombin during the assembly and function of the prothrombinase complex in order to fully understand its particular role in maintaining the integrity of the blood coagulation cascade. The final goal of the coagulation cascade is the formation …
Catholic Schools And Student Academic Performance;Does The Urban Catholic School Experience Mitigate Ethnoracial Disparity?, Lanny K. (Lanny Keith) Hollis
Catholic Schools And Student Academic Performance;Does The Urban Catholic School Experience Mitigate Ethnoracial Disparity?, Lanny K. (Lanny Keith) Hollis
ETD Archive
This study examined an inner-city Catholic high school to ascertain the possible existence of an achievement gap. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses examined academic indicators (GPA and Math and Science OGT results) and demographic and school variables. Students (258 Black, 101 White, and 55 Hispanic) completed questionnaires, which were matched with school data and confirmatory alumni focus groups. Analyses revealed no significant differences (ANOVA) among academic indicator means. Correlations were found between academic indicators and length of Catholic education, good behavior, extracurricular participation, high-school-graduation-oriented peers, and teacher caring scores. Regression models found positive student behavior, peers, female gender, extracurricular …
Altered Cortico-Cortical Brain Connectivity During Muscle Fatigue, Zhiguo Jiang
Altered Cortico-Cortical Brain Connectivity During Muscle Fatigue, Zhiguo Jiang
ETD Archive
Traditional brain activation studies using neuroimaging such as functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) have shown that muscle fatigue at submaximal intensity level is associated with increased brain activity in various cortical regions from low- to high-order motor centers. However, how these areas might interact remain unclear since previous activation studies related to motor control could not reveal information of between-area interaction. This issue can be addressed by evaluating brain activation data using the framework of connectivity analysis. Three types of brain connectivity, functional connectivity (FC), effective connectivity (EC) and structural connectivity (SC) have been examined to investigate the effect of voluntary …
Growth Mindset As A Predictor Of Smoking Cessation, Vicki D. Johnson
Growth Mindset As A Predictor Of Smoking Cessation, Vicki D. Johnson
ETD Archive
This study examines motivations to quit smoking within the theoretical context of self-theories (Dweck, 2000). It investigates whether self-theories play a significant predictive role in motivating adults to quit smoking. A convenience sample of 197 adult current smokers and ex-smokers in northeast Ohio completed on line or paper versions of the Smoking Questionnaire, an instrument which included the 6-item Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, 3- items from the Self-Theory of Intelligence Self-Form for Adults, and 23 items constructed by the researcher. Descriptive analysis indicate that the sample was 66 female, 77 white, 83 college educated, and of varied ages and …
Explaining Math Achievement;Personality, Motivation, And Trust, Ebru Kilic-Bebek
Explaining Math Achievement;Personality, Motivation, And Trust, Ebru Kilic-Bebek
ETD Archive
This study investigated the statistical significance of student trust next to the well-tested constructs of personality and motivation to determine whether trust is a significant predictor of course achievement in college math courses. Participants were 175 students who were taking undergraduate math courses in an urban public university. The Mini-Markers (Saucier, 1994), an adapted Student Trust Survey (Barnes, Adams & Forsyth, 2004, April), and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia & McKeachie, 1991) were used to measure students' Big-Five personality factors, trust in their math instructor, and motivational beliefs and strategies for their learning and performance in …
Residential Foreclosures' Impact On Nearby Single-Family Residential Properties;A New Approach To The Spatial And Temporal Dimensions, Timothy F. Kobie
Residential Foreclosures' Impact On Nearby Single-Family Residential Properties;A New Approach To The Spatial And Temporal Dimensions, Timothy F. Kobie
ETD Archive
This dissertation analyzes the impact that foreclosures have on neighboring property values. It focuses on foreclosures' impact based upon face blocks, not straight-line distances and it also incorporates time and the use of spatial statistics. Findings from this study show that properties in the foreclosure process longer have a greater negative impact on nearby property values than properties with more recent foreclosure filings. The first negative impact is not seen until a year after the filing. Therefore, policy responses need to be as swift as possible in preventing any negative impact on neighboring property values and should not focus on …
The Biological Function Of Interacting Partners Of Zxd Family Proteins, Rupa V. Koneni
The Biological Function Of Interacting Partners Of Zxd Family Proteins, Rupa V. Koneni
ETD Archive
We have identified several protein-protein interactions amongst the members of the zinc finger, X-linked (ZXD) family of proteins (ZXDA, ZXDB, ZXDC and ZXDC2) that have important roles in the regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II and several myeloid-specific genes. The ZXDC and ZXDA proteins share significant nucleotide sequence homology and each contain ten C2H2 zinc fingers and a transcription activation domain. In addition, ZXDC has a C-terminal region that is necessary to interact with a key cofactor, CIITA (Class II transactivator) and activate Major histocompatibility complex class II and class I (MHC II and MHC I respectively) genes. In …
In-Situ Growth Of Porous Alumino-Silicates And Fabrication Of Nano-Porous Membranes, Pradeep Kodumuri
In-Situ Growth Of Porous Alumino-Silicates And Fabrication Of Nano-Porous Membranes, Pradeep Kodumuri
ETD Archive
Feasibility of depositing continuous films of nano-porous alumino-silicates, primarily zeolites and MCM-41, on metallic and non-metallic substrates was examined with an aim to develop membranes for separation of gaseous mixtures and also for application as hydrogen storage material. Mesoporous silica was deposited in-side the pores of these nano-porous disks with an aim to develop membranes for selective separations. Our study involves supported zeolite film growth on substrates using in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. Faujasite, Silicalite and Mesoporous silica have been grown on various metallic and non-metallic supports. Metallic substrates used for film growth included anodized titanium, sodium hydroxide treated Titanium, Anodized aluminum, …
Increasing Pile Capacity And Set-Up In Clay By Electrokinetics, Susheel R. Kolwalkar
Increasing Pile Capacity And Set-Up In Clay By Electrokinetics, Susheel R. Kolwalkar
ETD Archive
A significant increase in the load capacity over a period of time is often observed in driven piles. This time dependent strength gain is termed as 'set-up'. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the set-up phenomenon in cohesive soils. A research was initiated to investigate this mechanism in clay soils in terms of electrokinetic theory and explore the possibility of accelerating the process. The system chosen for the study consisted of laboratory scale steel piles driven in kaolinite clay under controlled conditions. The piles were subjected to DC voltage gradients with surrounding electrodes at different time intervals and their …
Imaging Of Tyramine-Substituted Hydrogels For Tissue Replacement, Ediuska V. Laurens
Imaging Of Tyramine-Substituted Hydrogels For Tissue Replacement, Ediuska V. Laurens
ETD Archive
Novel tyramine-based hyaluronan (HA) and collagen hydrogels have been developed in which cross-linking is accomplished via peroxidase-mediated dityramine linkages allowing direct cross-linking in vivo. These TB hydrogels possess advantageous physical properties, which include excellent biocompatibility and the ability to mimic the biological, structural and mechanical properties of normal, healthy tissues, including cartilage, and thus provide for synthetic, implantable biomaterials suitable for a wide range of tissue types. The efficacy of these TB-hydrogels has been previously tested in a number of clinically relevant animal models, which have evaluated their applicability for the repair/replacement of various tissues, including cartilage. Nevertheless, there exists …
Hemoprotein-Mediated Activation Of Nitroalkanes, Ling Li
Hemoprotein-Mediated Activation Of Nitroalkanes, Ling Li
ETD Archive
Chemicals and drugs are known to be metabolized mostly by Cytochrome P450 xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. However, the detailed mechanism of nitro-compounds metabolism is still unclear. The activation of nitro-xenobiotics by heme-P450 enzymes is a potential explanation for the origin of nitro-compound carcinogenesis. Investigating the interaction of simple nitro-compounds with redox activity of heme enzymes is therefore critical to explore the mechanism and products of activation. In this study, multiple analytical methods and instrumentations are employed and graphic and simulation software such as Origin┬« and Digisim┬« are utilized to quantitatively derive parameters from experimental raw data. This study shows that myoglobin, …
Structural Investigation Of The Complex Of Filamin A Repeat 21 With Integrin Αiib And Β3 Cytoplasmic Tails – A Potential “Transmission” To Regulate Cell Migration, Jianmin Liu
ETD Archive
Cell functions in multi-cellular organisms are strongly depend on the dynamic cooperation between cell adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization. Integrins, the major cell adhesion receptors, bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) and soluble ligands on the cell surface and link to the actin cytoskeleton inside the cell membrane. In this manner, integrins integrate cell adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization by acting as a mechanical force transducer and a biochemical signaling hub (Zamir and Geiger 2001). Consequently, integrins are vital for development, immune responses, leukocyte traffic and hemostasis, and a variety of other cellular and physiological processes. Integrins are also are the focal point …
Semi-Automatic Segmentation Of Normal Female Pelvic Floor Structures From Magnetic Resonance Images, Xiaolong Li
Semi-Automatic Segmentation Of Normal Female Pelvic Floor Structures From Magnetic Resonance Images, Xiaolong Li
ETD Archive
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are important health issues affecting millions of American women. Investigation of the cause of SUI and POP requires a better understand of the anatomy of female pelvic floor. In addition, pre-surgical planning and individualized treatment plans require development of patient-specific three-dimensional or virtual reality models. The biggest challenge in building those models is to segment pelvic floor structures from magnetic resonance images because of their complex shapes, which make manual segmentation labor-intensive and inaccurate. In this dissertation, a quick and reliable semi-automatic segmentation method based on a shape model is proposed. …
Uncertainty Management Of Intelligent Feature Selection In Wireless Sensor Networks, Sanchita Mal-Sarkar
Uncertainty Management Of Intelligent Feature Selection In Wireless Sensor Networks, Sanchita Mal-Sarkar
ETD Archive
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are envisioned to revolutionize the paradigm of monitoring complex real-world systems at a very high resolution. However, the deployment of a large number of unattended sensor nodes in hostile environments, frequent changes of environment dynamics, and severe resource constraints pose uncertainties and limit the potential use of WSN in complex real-world applications. Although uncertainty management in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is well developed and well investigated, its implications in wireless sensor environments are inadequately addressed. This dissertation addresses uncertainty management issues of spatio-temporal patterns generated from sensor data. It provides a framework for characterizing spatio-temporal pattern in …
The Utility Of The Child And Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (Cafas) In Identifying Outcomes Of Students With Emotional Disturbance Served In A Day Treatment Program, Mitchell D. Moisio
The Utility Of The Child And Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (Cafas) In Identifying Outcomes Of Students With Emotional Disturbance Served In A Day Treatment Program, Mitchell D. Moisio
ETD Archive
This study investigated student outcomes by analyzing archival PEP client data from the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS Hodges, 2000). Participants were students with severe emotional and behavioral problems, being served by the Positive Education Program's (PEP) Day Treatment Centers in a midwestern urban center. The CAFAS is a multidimensional rating scale that measures degree of behavioral and emotional impairment across domains in children and adolescents. In addition to subscale and total score analysis, the CAFAS permits analysis of subscale score results in terms of CAFAS Tiers that represent different client types (Hodges, 2004). Hodges (2004) indicated that …