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Brigham Young University

1999

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Creation Of An Ultracold Neutral Plasma, Scott D. Bergeson, T. C. Killian, S. Kulin, L. A. Orozco, C. Orzel, S. L. Rolston Dec 1999

Creation Of An Ultracold Neutral Plasma, Scott D. Bergeson, T. C. Killian, S. Kulin, L. A. Orozco, C. Orzel, S. L. Rolston

Faculty Publications

We report the creation of an ultracold neutral plasma by photoionization of laser-cooled xenon atoms. The charge carrier density is as high as 2×10^9 cm^-3, and the temperatures of electrons and ions are as low as 100 mK and 10 uK, respectively. Plasma behavior is evident in the trapping of electrons by the positive ion cloud when the Debye screening length becomes smaller than the size of the sample. We produce plasmas with parameters such that both electrons and ions are strongly coupled.

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End Matter, Marriage &. Families Dec 1999

End Matter, Marriage &. Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Book Review: A Lasting Promise, Robert F. Robert Dec 1999

Book Review: A Lasting Promise, Robert F. Robert

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Family Values Urged By Russia And Other Speakers, Marriage & Families Dec 1999

Family Values Urged By Russia And Other Speakers, Marriage & Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Front Matter/ Editor's Notes: Pre-Marriage Queries And Fiddler-On-The-Roof Traditions, Glen C. Griffin Dec 1999

Front Matter/ Editor's Notes: Pre-Marriage Queries And Fiddler-On-The-Roof Traditions, Glen C. Griffin

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Traditions: A Foundation For Strong Families, Lloyd D. Newell Dec 1999

Traditions: A Foundation For Strong Families, Lloyd D. Newell

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Finding Strengths And Weaknesses Before Marriage, Thomas B. Holman, Lisa B. Hawkins Dec 1999

Finding Strengths And Weaknesses Before Marriage, Thomas B. Holman, Lisa B. Hawkins

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Full Issue, Marriage &. Families Dec 1999

Full Issue, Marriage &. Families

Marriage and Families

No abstract provided.

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Boundary Control For Automated Sweeping Of Finite Element Meshes, Robert A. Kerr Dec 1999

Boundary Control For Automated Sweeping Of Finite Element Meshes, Robert A. Kerr

Theses and Dissertations

Finite element analysis depends greatly upon a high-quality mesh to be able to provide reasonably accurate answers to engineering problems. Models that need to be analyzed using finite element analysis are becoming increasingly more complex, and correspondingly harder to mesh with good quality. Skew is one quality metric which can cause problems with finite element analyses. This thesis explains how skew is calculated, discusses two common sources of skew: multiply-linked surfaces with interval constraints, and biased edge meshes. Two methods of lessening skew in surface meshes are then presented: the skew control algorithm, and the curve morphing algorithm. These algorithms …

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Dual Function Euv Multilayer Mirrors For The Image Mission, David D. Allred, R. Steven Turley, Matthew B. Squires Nov 1999

Dual Function Euv Multilayer Mirrors For The Image Mission, David D. Allred, R. Steven Turley, Matthew B. Squires

Faculty Publications

We have developed a new family of EUV multilayer mirror coatings using uranium. Using this approach we have coated a set of six mirrors for the EUV Imager, a component of the IMAGE mission. This mission is a Medium Explorer (MIDEX) program, which is scheduled for launch early in 2000. The EUV Imager will study the distribution of He+ in the Earth's plasmasphere by detecting its resonantly scattered emission at 30.4 nm (41 eV) and will produce images of the structure and dynamics of the cold plasma on a global scale. There is, however, a bright at 58.4 nm (21 …

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Simulation And Density Functional Study Of A Simple Membrane Separating Two Restricted Primitive Model Electrolytes, Richard L. Rowley, Dezso Boda, Douglas Henderson, Stefan Sokolowski Nov 1999

Simulation And Density Functional Study Of A Simple Membrane Separating Two Restricted Primitive Model Electrolytes, Richard L. Rowley, Dezso Boda, Douglas Henderson, Stefan Sokolowski

Faculty Publications

A simple membrane, supporting charge densities on its inner and outer surfaces, is considered. In addition to the electrostatic potential, the membrane interacts with the surrounding fluid by a short range van der Waals-like potential. The fluid beyond the outer surface is a three-component restricted primitive electrolyte consisting of two cations and one anion. The membrane is impermeable to one of the cations so that the fluid in the membrane and beyond the inner surface is a two-component restricted primitive electrolyte. We use Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory to study the density profiles of the electrolyte and the …

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Selective Excitation And Thermal Quenching Of The Yellow Luminescence Of Gan, John S. Colton, P. Y. Yu, K. L. Teo, E. R. Weber, P. Perlin, I. Grzegory, K. Uchida Nov 1999

Selective Excitation And Thermal Quenching Of The Yellow Luminescence Of Gan, John S. Colton, P. Y. Yu, K. L. Teo, E. R. Weber, P. Perlin, I. Grzegory, K. Uchida

Faculty Publications

We report the observation of narrower structures in the yellow luminescence of bulk and thin-film n-type GaN, using the technique of selective excitation. These fine structures exhibit thermal quenching associated with an activated behavior. We attribute these fine structures to phonons and electronic excitations of a shallow donor-deep acceptor complex, and determine its activation energy for delocalization. Our results suggest that in addition to distant donor-acceptor pairs, the yellow luminescence can also involve emission complexes of shallow donors and deep acceptors.

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Full Issue Nov 1999

Full Issue

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.

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New York-An Immigrant's Account, Rosa Schupbach Nov 1999

New York-An Immigrant's Account, Rosa Schupbach

Swiss American Historical Society Review

After I had volunteered at our annual meeting last year to tell you today something about my life as an immigrant in New York City, I forgot all about it until recently when Leo [Schelbert] asked me to give him the title of my lecture. My goodness, I thought, I really put my foot in this time, but I am glad I did because after the very serious discussion we just had, we all need to relax, to wind down, and even laugh a little. For about two years now I have given similar lectures with slides to various groups …

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Swiss Settlers Of The Carolina Back Country: Saxe Gotha, Switzers' Neck, The Dutch Fork, And Lexington, Claudette Holliday Nov 1999

Swiss Settlers Of The Carolina Back Country: Saxe Gotha, Switzers' Neck, The Dutch Fork, And Lexington, Claudette Holliday

Swiss American Historical Society Review

The Township Act and Saxe Gotha The year was 1716 and a lone outpost, the Congaree garrison, located about five miles below the mouth of the Saluda River and below the Congaree Creek on the western bank of the Congaree River offered little protection for low country settlements from Indians resisting the take-over of their homelands. By 1722 the garrison was abandoned.

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Accuracy Of Scatterometer-Derived Winds Using The Cramer-Rao Bound, David G. Long, Travis E. Oliphant Nov 1999

Accuracy Of Scatterometer-Derived Winds Using The Cramer-Rao Bound, David G. Long, Travis E. Oliphant

Faculty Publications

A wind scatterometer makes measurements of the normalized radar-backscatter coefficient O of the ocean surface. To retrieve the wind, a geophysical model function (GMF), which relates O to the near-surface wind, is used. The wind vector can be estimated using maximum-likelihood techniques from several O measurements made at different azimuth angles. The probability density of the measured O is assumed to be Gaussian with a variance that depends on the true O and therefore, depends on the wind through the GMF. With this model for wind estimation, the Cramer-Rao (C-R) bound is derived for wind estimation, and its implications for …

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Front Matter Nov 1999

Front Matter

Swiss American Historical Society Review

No abstract provided.

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The Swabian War Of 1499: 500 Years Since Switzerland's Last War Of Independence, Albert Winkler Nov 1999

The Swabian War Of 1499: 500 Years Since Switzerland's Last War Of Independence, Albert Winkler

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Exactly 500 years ago, the Swiss Confederation faced the final threat to its existence by the Habsburg family, and the occurrence is noteworthy for several reasons. The Swabian War was the last of a series of conflicts reaching back centuries in which the Swiss states had to ward off determined invasions from an external foe. Significantly, they did not have to do so again for nearly three centuries when the French armies overran the Confederation in 1798. The Swabian War also ended the threat of Habsburg or Austrian domination which had been a serious menace for many generations. The survival …

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Book Review: Nachkommen. Auswanderer Aus Klosters Und Davos Nach Amerika Im 19 Jahrhundert, Leo Schelbert Nov 1999

Book Review: Nachkommen. Auswanderer Aus Klosters Und Davos Nach Amerika Im 19 Jahrhundert, Leo Schelbert

Swiss American Historical Society Review

To do justice to this work is less than easy, yet is certainly a labor of love. Diverse materials in Swiss archives and others unearthed in the United States form the documentary core of this book. Its rich primary sources deal not only with the world of destination, that is several regions in North America such as the Midwest, Texas, and the Pacific Northwest, but also with the world of origin, especially Klosters and Davos. The author is intimately acquainted with that mountainous area of Switzerland's Canton Graubtinden and she also familiarized herself by extensive travels with the American world. …

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Book Review: Heritage On Stage: The Invention Of Ethnic Place In America's Little Switzerland, Cheryl Ganz Nov 1999

Book Review: Heritage On Stage: The Invention Of Ethnic Place In America's Little Switzerland, Cheryl Ganz

Swiss American Historical Society Review

Yodeling, alphoms, cowbells, Wilhelm Tell, cheese, chalets, and cantonal flags conjure up either nostalgic images of a romantic Swiss folklore culture in the pre-industrial world or a visit to the Wisconsin town of New Glarus, popularly known as "America• s Little Switzerland." A visitor from Basel remarked that New Glarus seemed "more Swiss than Switzerland." Steven D. Hoelscher argues that the community invented "ethnic place" by its continual reinterpretation of ethnicity and by its reshaping of "Swissness" over time through its landscapes, museums, festivals, and cultural performances. It is this conspicuous construction of American ethnic heritage, identity, and place that …

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Book Review: Emmentaler Geschlechter- Und Wappenbuch, Delbert Gratz Nov 1999

Book Review: Emmentaler Geschlechter- Und Wappenbuch, Delbert Gratz

Swiss American Historical Society Review

A remarkable volume was recently issued that is very helpful for gaining insight into the history and significance of the old families that have their origins in, and still inhabit, that area of the Canton Bern, Switzerland, that is drained by the Emme river and called the Emmental. Most of these family names are recognizable by Americans as many of their families stem from this exquisitely beautiful, but traditionally economically poor region which has contributed heavily to American immigration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

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Chromosome Races In Sarcobatus (Sarcobataceae, Caryophyllales), Stewart C. Sanderson, Howard C. Stutz, Mildred Stutz, Richard C. Roos Oct 1999

Chromosome Races In Sarcobatus (Sarcobataceae, Caryophyllales), Stewart C. Sanderson, Howard C. Stutz, Mildred Stutz, Richard C. Roos

Great Basin Naturalist

Sarcobatus Nees., a genus of North American halophytic shrubs, consists of 2 species: S. vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. (n = 18, 36), which is widespread in North America, and S. baileyi Cov. (n = 54), endemic to Nevada. Within S. vermiculatus, populations of n = 36 are widely distributed, whereas populations of n = 18 are found only in the Sonoran Desert, northern California, and northwestern Great Plains, locations at the periphery of the species range. Although the chromosome number of n = 18 is apparently tetraploid, failure to form an n = 27 race intermediate to those …

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Predatory Bird Populations In The East Mojave Desert, California, Richard L. Knight, Richard J. Camp, William I. Boarman, Heather A. L. Knight Oct 1999

Predatory Bird Populations In The East Mojave Desert, California, Richard L. Knight, Richard J. Camp, William I. Boarman, Heather A. L. Knight

Great Basin Naturalist

We surveyed 7 species of predatory birds weekly during a 12-month period (December 1992 through November 1993) in the east Mojave Desert, California. The Common Raven (Corvus corax) was the most frequently observed species with an average of 6.9 sightings per 100 km. Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura), Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), and Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) were seen in decreasing order of frequency of observation through the study period. Ravens, Red-tailed Hawks, Loggerhead Shrikes, …

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Habitat Characteristics Of Small Mammals In Southeastern Utah, Maite Sureda, Michael L. Morrison Oct 1999

Habitat Characteristics Of Small Mammals In Southeastern Utah, Maite Sureda, Michael L. Morrison

Great Basin Naturalist

We describe habitat characteristics of 8 small mammal species occurring in the Manti-LaSal National Forest in southeastern Utah. Thirty-seven grids across 7 vegetation types were sampled by live-trapping from May through October 1994 and 1995. Logistic regression models of habitat measurements correctly classified small mammal presence 36%–87% of the time. Except for 1 instance, 4 Peromyscus species present in a specific vegetation type were negatively associated with forb or grass cover. Microtus montanus was present primarily on mesas and was positively associated with tall tree and low shrub cover. Neotoma mexicana was present only in canyons and was found primarily …

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Geography Of Exotic Plants Adjacent To Campgrounds, Yellowstone National Park, Usa, Karen Allen, Katherine Hansen Oct 1999

Geography Of Exotic Plants Adjacent To Campgrounds, Yellowstone National Park, Usa, Karen Allen, Katherine Hansen

Great Basin Naturalist

Eleven campgrounds in Yellowstone National Park were studied to determine the geography of 10 specific exotic plant species adjacent to campgrounds. Exotics were found in only 6 campgrounds. Six species were found at Mammoth campground, a low-elevation, dry site with year-round use. Only 2 species were found in the other 5 campgrounds. Exotics decreased with distance from Mammoth campground out to 6 m and then increased, suggesting a spread in their distribution. Significant associations were found between exotic presence and both open and closed canopies and low levels of disturbance. Generally, exotics decreased with an increase in cover of other …

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Caudal Distraction By Rat Snakes (Colubridae, Elaphe): A Novel Behavior Used When Capturing Mammalian Prey, Stephen J. Mullin Oct 1999

Caudal Distraction By Rat Snakes (Colubridae, Elaphe): A Novel Behavior Used When Capturing Mammalian Prey, Stephen J. Mullin

Great Basin Naturalist

Caudal movement in snakes may serve either a predatory (e.g., caudal luring) or defensive (e.g., rattling, aposematism) function. I describe a new behavioral pattern of tail movement in snakes. Gray rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) foraging on small mammals (Mus domesticus) moved their tails in an erratic, whiplike fashion after detecting prey in their vicinity. The thrashing movement in the horizontal plane was audibly and visually obvious, resulting in displacement of leaf litter around the tail. All subjects displayed the behavior, but not in all foraging episodes. Shorter durations of caudal distraction resulted in greater predator …

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Respiration Characteristics Differ Among Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum L.) Populations, Daniel J. B. Hemming, Susan E. Meyer, Bruce N. Smith, Lee D. Hansen Oct 1999

Respiration Characteristics Differ Among Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum L.) Populations, Daniel J. B. Hemming, Susan E. Meyer, Bruce N. Smith, Lee D. Hansen

Great Basin Naturalist

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a dominant weed that has increased the frequency of wildfire in the Great Basin since its introduction about 100 yr ago. This study examines characteristics of respiratory metabolism in several different populations. Seeds from 6 populations were germinated and metabolic heat rates (q) and dark respiration rates (RCO2) of all seedlings were measured calorimetrically at 15° and 25°C or (for 3 populations) at 5° intervals from 5° to 35°C. Growth rates, substrate carbon conversion efficiencies, and Arrhenius temperature coefficients were calculated from the data. Results show that cheatgrass metabolism is most efficient …

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Environmental Effects On Common Snipe Winnowing And Calling (Activity), Kevin D. Downs, Stanley H. Anderson Oct 1999

Environmental Effects On Common Snipe Winnowing And Calling (Activity), Kevin D. Downs, Stanley H. Anderson

Great Basin Naturalist

Our objective was to clarify the effects of 10 identified variables on snipe activity (winnowing and calling) by demonstrating correlations between the variables and snipe activity. We monitored snipe at 2 study areas in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming at all hours of the day and night during the 1996 and 1997 breeding seasons. We measured 10 variables at established points along transects that were situated through the middle of each study site (8 study sites total). A total of 1200 monitoring periods were conducted throughout the course of this study. Effects of each factor on snipe activity were considered …

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Blue Grouse Nesting Parameters And Habitat Associations In Northeastern Oregon, Eric C. Pelren, John A. Crawford Oct 1999

Blue Grouse Nesting Parameters And Habitat Associations In Northeastern Oregon, Eric C. Pelren, John A. Crawford

Great Basin Naturalist

We examined Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) nesting characteristics in northeastern Oregon to identify relationships between hen age and nesting parameters and to ascertain habitat charactersicts related to successful nests. Adult and yearling hens exhibited no differences in clutch size, percentage of eggs hatched, nesting success, or hatch dates. Among nests located under logs, 100% (n = 10) hatched ≥1 egg, whereas 58% (n = 10) of 17 nests not under logs hatched ≥1 egg.

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High Foal Mortality Limits Growth Of A Desert Feral Horse Population In Nevada, Paul D. Greger, Evan M. Romney Oct 1999

High Foal Mortality Limits Growth Of A Desert Feral Horse Population In Nevada, Paul D. Greger, Evan M. Romney

Great Basin Naturalist

A population of feral horses (Equus caballus) in the southern Great Basin Desert of Nevada was monitored from 1989 to 1998 to determine size, distribution, and population trends. All individual horses observed in the population were identified by unique markings during the first 2 yr of study, and most animals could be observed annually. During this study no new horses were identified in the population, indicating that no immigration occurred from outside populations. The population reached a high of 65 horses yearling or older in 1992 and declined each year thereafter, reaching a low of 36 horses in …

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