Digital Commons Network^™

Investigating Factors Affecting Customer Repeated Purchasing Intention In Online Shopping: The Mediating Role Of Satisfaction, Maram Darkhabani

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This research examines the relationship between website quality, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing intention in Lebanon. A quantitative approach was used, and data from 385 online shoppers were collected through an online survey. The results indicate that website quality significantly predicts customer perceived value, satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing intention. Customer perceived value also predicts satisfaction and purchase intention, while satisfaction predicts repeated online purchasing intention. These findings highlight the importance of website quality in shaping customer perceptions, satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing behavior.

The research suggests that improving website quality, offering high-quality services, personalized experiences, …

The Impact Of Trust And Rewards On Online Purchasing Intention: The Mediating Role Of Attitudes, Jessica Farhat Tannoury

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study explores the relationship between trust, rewards, attitudes, and online purchasing intention, with attitudes serving as the mediator variable in the Lebanese context. Using a sample of 400 respondents, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between trust and attitudes, as well as between rewards and attitudes. Additionally, attitudes were found to mediate the relationship between both trust and rewards on online purchasing intention. These findings highlight the importance of building trust and offering rewards to enhance consumers' attitudes towards online shopping, which ultimately leads to higher …

Beirut On The Seine: Rebuilding Lebanese Identity After The Scourge Of War, Soumaya Al Jarrah

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The current situation of Lebanon is difficult. The country is sinking into a deep economic, financial, political, and social crisis, which has become worse since 2019 and especially after the explosion of the Beirut port in August 2020. As a result, several Lebanese decided to leave the country. This situation is partly a result of the civil war that took place between 1975 and 1990.

Indeed, the Lebanese war leaves an important mark on the literary works that have Lebanon as a setting. Authors express their desire to explore in their works the traumas, consequences and effect of these conflicts …

Human Rights Of Psychiatric Patients In The State Of Kuwait, Samira Ahmed Alkanderi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

There is no doubt that the right to have a good health is considered a basic human right which is closely linked to the other civil, political and economic human rights. It is a right for all people without any discrimination.

From the point of the belief of the international human rights community with the rights of patients who are suffering from mental or psychological sickness, the General Assembly of the United Nations issued in 1991 some principles, which admit the right of all persons to enjoy the right of getting the best available mental and psychological health care which …

Writing As A Mean To Rehabilitate The Traumatized Self In Vivre Vite By Brigitte Giraud, Nadia Naboulsi Iskandarani

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

In her novel Vivre vite, Brigitte Giraud writes the story of a disaster that obsesses her: on June 22, 1999; her companion Claude died in a motorcycle accident in Lyon. This vehicle, a powerful and dangerous Honda, was prohibited on Japanese territory and was reserved for export to Europe. It did not belong to Claude, but to the writer's brother. She was only able to return to the drama that inhabited her in 2022, that is to say twenty-three years after Claude's death. The reader cannot help but wonder about this long silence and why this return to the minutiae …

Preventive Measures Of Burnout Among Mental Health Workers In Lebanon, Mona Ghazi Sayegh, Mayssah Ahmed El Nayal

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This research aims to measure burnout among mental health workers in Lebanon and to identify the preventive measures they utilize not to exceed the danger threshold. The study follows the descriptive correlational comparative approach. Maslash Burnout Scale (MBI-HSS) and Preventive Measures Inventory (PMI) scale are applied to a random sample of mental health workers (psychotherapists and psychologists n = 110) in all Lebanese governorates. The effect of the following demographic factors is studied: profession, age groups, years of experience, and work conditions: war, explosion, economic crisis, corona pandemic, normal circumstances. Pearson correlations, T-test, ANOVA, and MANOVA are manipulated. Results show …

Well-Being And Its Relationship To Religiosity, Psychological Stress, And Death Anxiety Among A Sample Of The Lebanese Society, Mona Ghazi Sayegh, Mayssah Ahmed El Nayal

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study is divided into two sections: the first section aims to extrapolate the reality of the situation in the Lebanese society during the beginning of 2021 with regard to psychological stress and death anxiety following the Beirut Port Blast and during the Corona crisis and the beginning of the economic downturn in Lebanon; the second section aims to study the correlation among the components of well-being and religiosity, and the relationship between death anxiety and psychological stress with well-being and religiosity. It also aims to reveal the possibility of predicting well-being through psychological stress and death anxiety. In addition, …

Write To Heal: The Theatrical Workshop For Thinking And Healing Wounds, Michel Abou Khalil

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Lebanon, a beautiful country, warm and welcoming, continues to live in a cycle of crises like Sisyphus. Barely has a wound healed than a new drama hits him, putting him back to zero hour and perhaps below. Faced with this series of disasters, writers, artists and intellectuals engage and encourage through their creative work to reflect, resist, revolt and ultimately transform the society. It is a quasi-therapeutic process driven by art. Beyond writing, how does this healing through a theatrical workshop move from the “individual” me to the “collective” us?

Between Escape And Emigration: The Quest For An Identity, Marie-Ange Nohra Merhi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

A real doubt marks the enterprise of an individual, to think of a human dimension that is internal to him, but grows outside him. The desire born in him, develops externally and depends on environmental events. What does separation do as a traumatic incident hindering desire for a young person ?

The best way to define desire, in the psychosocial and geocultural context of this century, would be to raise it in relation to its lack. Indeed, this paradox is inherent in the definition itself. At a certain level a schism takes place in human thought: a schism already existing …

The Role Of Media In Social And Cultural Change In Remote Areas Between Reality And Hopea Case Study Of The South Sinai Region In Egypt, Iman El Bastawisi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Despite the various social and human researches in Egypt that were focusing on different issues related to the impact of media on members of society; however the impact of the media on the inhabitants of remote areas did not receive the desired sufficient attention as important frontier areas inhabited by Bedouins; a group of people that has been neglected and misjudged for too long by a large number of Egyptians.

And by virtue of my frequent visits to the region since 1979 for the purpose of scientific research and implementation of some development programs, I have become a familiar face …

Exile: Heartbreak, Resilience And Visceral Attachment To Origins In The Novel A Crier Dans Les Ruins By Alexandra Koszelyk, Hanane Abou Nasreddine

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

In the study, we propose to question the pragmatics of exile in the literary work A crier dans les ruines by Alexandra Koszelyk. This novel immerses us in post-disaster Ukraine. It tells the initiatory, poetic and melancholic journey of a young woman who must forge her identity on the history of her country that we are trying to stifle. The novel puts on stage people uprooted by force; some, attached to their roots, remain close to the irradiated zone; while the others, including the heroine Léna, decide to flee the place definitively to rebuild themselves elsewhere. However, despite the exile, …

Trauma And Rehabilitation In A Paradoxical Social And Cultural Context, In The African Equation By Yasmina Khadra, Badia Mazboudi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

In the journey described by Yasmina Khadra in The African equation, the author raises the question of the difficult rehabilitation of two ethnically different groups: on one hand, the main characters of the novel, Westerners (German and French) taken hostage off the coast of Sudan by African mercenaries, and on the other hand, the African populations savagely relocated from their lands to makeshift camps. Faced with this emotional shock and this traumatic act, the reactions of the two groups are not the same: post-traumatic depression, social isolation, pain, whereas the Africans, destitute and wandering from one place to another, seem …

Memory For Oblivion In Wajdi Mouawad’S Play Mère, Christelle Stephan-Hayek

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

“Keeping the memory of past events would contribute to a better knowledge of hazards and to the prediction of future events. » (Reghezza-Zitt, Benitez & Devès, 2020, p. 1) Remembering is undoubtedly the best of mentors. But forgetting would also be a precious ally in the perpetual and daily struggle that is life. Indeed, “it is essential that the brain forgets the unimportant details to focus on what really matters, in our daily decision-making.” (Richards & Frankland, 2017, p. 1083)

What if we remembered to better accept the tragedy? What if writing helped us to understand it better? What if …

Self-Reconstruction : Between Identity And Interpersonal Relationships, Abdelfettah Nacer Idrissi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

We live and go through situations and circumstances that hurt us or bring us joy and happiness. However, moments of crisis seem to be the most important moments in our lives when we question ourselves. We question our personality, our identity, our relationships with ourselves or with others. We carry, as Jacques Salomé said so well, “the scars of our wounds. It is up to us to honor them, because they also say that we have survived and that they have made us stronger and more lucid.

We will rely on this quote to elaborate our problematic on the self-reconstruction …

Impact Of Perceived Organizational Support, Employee Empowerment, And Organizational Commitment On Turnover Intention In The Lebanese Smes Sector: The Mediating Role Of Employee Engagement, Istivani Hilal

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study investigates the impact of perceived organizational support (POS), employee empowerment (EE), and organizational commitment (OC) on turnover intention (TI) in the Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector. The study also examines the mediating role of employee engagement (EEG) in this relationship. A sample of 390 employees from SMEs in Lebanon was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that POS, EE, and OC are negatively related to TI in the Lebanese SMEs sector. Moreover, EEG mediates the relationship between POS, EE, and OC and TI. Specifically, the …

Literature Review On Training And Development In Work Setting, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Rima F. Saleh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study reviews the existing literature in training and development, which considered as essential practices in Human Resource Management (HRM); moreover, they constitute a necessary investment and a significant component of the organizations’ budgets. Training and development help organizations to accomplish competitive advantage, they are a must to go along with innovation and global issues, and most importantly, they work constantly as the organization is performing. This literature review focuses on the current knowledge about the determining factor and the importance of training and development in HR management in specific and in organizations in general. Furthermore, this paper aims to …

Risk Tolerance, Time Horizon, And Estate Intentions: Just How Important Are “Circumstances And Associated Emotions”?, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Karen Paul

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study tests the importance of socio-demographic and psychological variables for investor intentions, including risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Overall, hope is the psychological variable most consistently related to the dependent variables of risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Age, household income, investment experience, and work experience pale in comparison with the psychological variables of hope and openness to new experience, both of which are positively associated with the dependent variables. Pro-social attitudes are also important as a moderating variable. The most interesting findings are that women with higher levels of education have higher levels of risk …

The Determinants Of E-Commerce Audit Process Effectiveness: Does Audit Technology Matter?, Jalal M. Kibrit, Rasha M. Nouraldeen Assistant Prof., Wagdi Hegazy Prof.

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This paper examines the impact of audit planning, audit strategy, and audit documentation on the effectiveness of the audit process of e-commerce companies, along with the moderating role of audit technology on these associations. Data was collected through a questionnaire filled by 106 auditors who are members of the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants. Results showed that audit planning and audit documentation have a positive significant impact on the effectiveness of the audit process, while audit strategy has no impact. The outcome also confirmed the association between audit technology tools and the effectiveness of the audit process. Moreover, the …

Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence, Behavior And The Mediating Role Of Job Stress In Lebanon, Suzan S. Al Kadi, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Alaaeldine A. Ali

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence, namely self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and management’s relationship on the nurse’s behavior within the Lebanese context. It specifically examines the indirect effect of the nurses’ EI and its sub skills on behavior, exit, voice, loyalty, neglect, through the mediating role of job stress. A total sample of subjects consisted of 365 registered nurses actively working in the Lebanese hospitals during the COVID 19 period. Mediation was tested using Baron and Kenny (1986)’s framework. The findings demonstrate that the EI elements (Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and management’s relationship) …

Offshore Companies Audit Process Effectiveness: Evidence From Lebanese Auditing Profession, Jalal Kibrit, Rasha Nouraldeen Assistant Prof., Wagdi Hegazy Prof.

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This research aims to examine whether audit planning, audit strategy, and audit documentation have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the audit process. It also aims to explore the impact of audit technology on the audit process for offshore companies in Lebanon. This study adds to and contributes to the literature that has examined the separate impacts of each of the above variables on the effectiveness of the audit process. The sample size of this study is 106 certified public accountants who are members of the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants (LACPA). Empirical data was collected using a …

Beloved & The Erotics Of Temporal Mutilation, Ruba Habli

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

'Snatched and yanked' the readers begin a journey in Beloved’s extravagant and meandering narrative—a narrative filled with repetitions and returns that mutilate time beyond recognition. This paper aims to map time in Beloved, to understand its narrative insurgence, and feel the foreign terrains it leaves the reader in. I depend on Peter Brooks’ essay “Freud’s Masterplot” to contextualize the patterns of repetitions and returns that mutilate time in the text through a psychoanalytic understanding. Crucial to the psychoanalytic understanding of the narrative is the comprehension of narrative desire, precisely how the death instinct can be at work in the narrative. …

Factors Influencing Political Participation In Lebanon: The Mediating Role Of Perceived Congruence, Mahmoud A. El Homssi, Alaaeldin A. Ali, Amal Kurdi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Abstract

This study analyzes the factors that influence political participation. These factors include: political information efficacy, political interest, community engagement, political party affiliation and perceived congruence. Moreover, this study addresses the mediating role of perceived congruence on the relationship between political interest, community engagement and political participation. A quantitative survey method was used and structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 412 respondents. The findings of this study revealed that political interest, community engagement, and political party affiliation have a positive effect on political participation. In addition, the results indicated that perceived congruence has no direct or mediate …

Online Consumer Purchasing During The Pandemic Of Covid-19: An Applied Study In Lebanon, Soumaya M. Kaakour

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Technological development essentially transformed the foundation of global businesses. Business operations started to move from traditional to advance digitalized practices which gave rise to the e-commerce business, making the online environment more competitive. Despite such changes, there remains a consumer that is not involved in online shopping especially in developing countries. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has caused radical changes to the way the consumer form intention and behavior toward digitalized solutions. This paper analyzes the impact of buying impulse, attitude, subjective norms, enjoyment and trust on consumer purchasing intention during the pandemic using a sample of 306 Lebanese citizens. …

Shaping Millennials’ Attitudes Towards Luxury Brands In International Cities: The Case Of Abu Dhabi, Zeina Mazloum

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study aims to investigate the impact of two intrinsic motives (perceived self-identity and perceived self- status) and two other extrinsic motives (celebrities and social media presence) on millennials' attitudes towards luxury brands; ultimately reflecting on their buying intention. Illustrated through a conceptual framework model, results reveal that intrinsic motives strongly influence millennials' attitudes while extrinsic motives slightly influence their attitudes towards luxury brands; both resulting in molding millennials' buying intention correspondingly.

Rights Of Persons With Disabilities In India: Provisions, Promises And Reality, Triveni Goswami Vernal

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The paper Rights of Persons with Disabilities in India: Provisions, Promises and Reality traces the historical evolution of the disability related legal provisions in India briefly, in the context of the United Nations mandated Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975) and the Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities (CRPD,2007). In such a scenario, the paper attempts to arrive at an understanding of the extent to which the provisions have been implemented. To this extent, the researcher conducted a series of telephonic interviews with several parent-advocates who have been vocal about disability rights in India. An …

In Memory Of Edward Said, Essam Fattouh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Tim Brennan’s recent biography of Edward Said entitled Places of Mind: A life of Edward Said (2022) is a tribute to a critic, musician, activist and humanist of world caliber whose life and work continue to inspire millions of readers. This review takes a look at Brennan’s scholarly methodology in mapping Said’s life and work, but also highlights the various domains in which Said the intellectual excelled. The review further calls attention to the intersection between literature and politics, between criticism and classical music, between philosophy and innovative literary theories in Said’s legacy; a legacy so rich it continues to …

A Two-Way Traffic Between Psychology And Human Rights, Mayssah El Nayal, Mona G. Sayegh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of ailment or infirmity, and mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual is aware of his or her own abilities and is able to contribute to his or her community. On the other hand, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) declares that everyone has the right to a standard of living suitable for the health and well-being of himself and of his family. Therefore, mental health is a right and is protected by …

The Big-Five Personality Factors As Predictors Of Obsession-Compulsion Among A Sample Of University Students From Sudan, Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek, Salaheldin Farah Bakhiet, Habab Abdalhiy Osman

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the Big-Five (B-F) personality factors and obsession-compulsion. A sample of Khartoum University students was recruited (N = 547). They responded to the Arabic Big-Five Personality Inventory and the Arabic Scale of Obsession-Compulsion-Revised. Results indicated that women obtained a significantly higher mean scores than did men on agreeableness, neuroticism, and extraversion, but the size effects were small. Obsession-compulsion was significantly and positively associated with neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness (in men), neuroticism, and agreeableness (in women). Principal components analysis extracted two high-loaded components in both sexes and labeled: “Stable personality”, …

Forced Alienation And The Challenges Of Survival In The Poetry Of “Mahmoud Darwish”, Bashir Faraj

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

“If only time would return one day”. A beautiful expression that we hear very often in all Arab countries, it carries a lot of meanings, some of which are beautiful, and some are stressful and tiring for the soul; because of the painful memories it contains.

Alienation is a conscious person’s awareness of his need for a homeland, even when he is in the country in which he was born and grew up loving it, because this homeland has changed so much that it is no longer possible to be comfortable about it. Usually, this alienation occurs when the homeland …

The Five Big Factors Of Personality Among Displaced Syrians And Palestinians Refugees Living In Lebanon, Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek, Mayssah A. El Nayal, Olfat Khalil Mahmoud

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Syrian refugees in Lebanon are a major challenge at the social, economic and psychological levels, in addition to the issue of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon in the wake of the Naksaa of 1948. The main hypothesis of this study is that the difficult circumstances experienced by the displaced may affect their personality traits. The sample consisted of 430 individuals, (n=204) Syrian refugees and (n=226) Palestinian refugees of both sexes. All the members of the sample responded to the Arabic Inventory of the Five Big Personality Factors. The inventory enjoys good to high alpha coefficients in both samples, and was …