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Articles 1 - 30 of 2634
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Gen Y More Black Corporate Directors, Chaz Brooks
Gen Y More Black Corporate Directors, Chaz Brooks
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Corporate diversity has been in the spotlight for decades. Recent efforts have followed years of legal scholarship, arguments on the business rationale for greater diversity, and more recently, the racial unrest during the summer of 2020. Called by some, a “racial reckoning,” the summer of 2020 catalyzed many corporate declarations on the importance of diversity, and more to the point of this article, the necessity of righting the economic disadvantages of Black Americans. This article looks specifically at one intervention by a corporate player following summer 2020, Nasdaq’s volley to increase corporate diversity through required disclosure. This article reviews the …
A Right To Republish: Redesigning Copyright Law For Research Works, Faith O. Majekolagbe
A Right To Republish: Redesigning Copyright Law For Research Works, Faith O. Majekolagbe
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
Research works occupy a unique place in the knowledge economy. They are foundational to human development, and they expand our existing knowledge base and catalyze entirely new fields of study. Creators of research works have a significant interest in the public accessibility of their works at the earliest opportunity with no expectation of financial returns from sales and distribution. As such, they constitute a different category of works and facilitate distinct considerations than other creative goods governed by copyright. Copyright law is organized around the provision of economic incentives to facilitate the continued production and distribution of authorial works for …
Limitations And Exceptions In The Wipo Instrument On Genetic Resources And Associated Traditional Knowledge, Sean Flynn
Limitations And Exceptions In The Wipo Instrument On Genetic Resources And Associated Traditional Knowledge, Sean Flynn
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
One of the hot topics in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) diplomatic conference on an instrument on “Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Genetic Resources” is whether and what exceptions language should be included in the text. At the brief public report from Committee I on May 15, 2024, the Chair reported: “There appears to be adequate support for eliminating Article 4, limitations and exceptions. Some parties opposed.” This Blog provides some background information on the Article and analysis of potentially applicable models and concepts for the provision, including analysis of similar treaties with no exceptions.
Sanctions For Non Disclosure, As Set Out In Article 6 Of The Wipo Basic Proposal On Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources And Traditional Knowledge, Should Include Possible Revocation Of A Patent, James Love, Claire Cassedy
Sanctions For Non Disclosure, As Set Out In Article 6 Of The Wipo Basic Proposal On Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources And Traditional Knowledge, Should Include Possible Revocation Of A Patent, James Love, Claire Cassedy
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
The basic proposal for an international legal instrument relating to intellectual property, genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources prepared by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Secretariat (GRATK/DC/3) sets out in its Article 3 a narrow obligation to disclose (1) the country of origin of the genetic resource, or if not known, its source, and (2) the Indigenous Peoples or local community that provided traditional knowledge associated with the genetic resource, or the source of such knowledge.
Article 6 of the basic proposal sets out the sanctions and remedies for failures to make such disclosures. Among the …
A Diversity Of Adequacy: The European Commission's 11-Country Adequacy Review, Lauren Macievic
A Diversity Of Adequacy: The European Commission's 11-Country Adequacy Review, Lauren Macievic
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Wipo Good Practice Toolkit For Collective Management Organisations 2021: Suggestions For Possible Amendment, Desmond Oriakhogba
Wipo Good Practice Toolkit For Collective Management Organisations 2021: Suggestions For Possible Amendment, Desmond Oriakhogba
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
Drawing examples from national and international legal instruments, and based on existing studies, this comment makes suggestions for possible amendment of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s Good Practice Toolkit for Collective Management Organisations 2021 (CMO Toolkit). The suggestions are for inclusion of good practices in the CMO Toolkit that can inform the regulation of CMOs to prevent them from constituting obstacles to open access non-commercial licensing and L&Es-enabled access for education and research. The suggestion also covers good practices that will prevent CMOs from impeding the smooth and effective development of artificial intelligence systems. Recommendations include protecting rightholders' ability to …
Elaborating A Human Rights Friendly Copyright Framework For Generative Ai, Christophe Geiger
Elaborating A Human Rights Friendly Copyright Framework For Generative Ai, Christophe Geiger
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
This paper analyses the copyright issues related to so-called “generative AI” systems and reviews the arguments currently advanced to change the copyright regime for AI-generated works from a human rights perspective. It argues that because of the applicable human rights framework for copyright but also the anthropocentric approach of human rights the protection of creators and human creativity must be considered the point of reference when assessing future reforms with regard to copyright and generative AI systems. Consequently, the copyrightability of AI-generated outputs should be considered with utmost care and only when AI is used as a technical tool for …
Content Moderation And The Least Cost Avoider, Paul Rosenzweig
Content Moderation And The Least Cost Avoider, Paul Rosenzweig
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Building A Text And Data Mining Limitation: The Brazilian Case, Luca Schirru, Allan Rocha De Souza, Claudia Chamas
Building A Text And Data Mining Limitation: The Brazilian Case, Luca Schirru, Allan Rocha De Souza, Claudia Chamas
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
In recent years, there has been a growing body of legal regulation of
TDM. Since 2018, Japan, the European Union, Singapore and others have
promoted changes to their copyright law and included specific limitations and
exceptions for TDM. These changes have been slow in the Global South and
the developing world, even though they are urgently needed there. This report
aims to present the Brazilian copyright legal framework and the policy
documents related to Intellectual Property, Artificial Intelligence and
innovation influencing political and public debate. This set of policies and
legislative texts provides the grounds for the discussion on the …
Briefing Note: 45th Meeting Of The Wipo Standing Committee On Copyright And Related Rights, Sean Flynn
Briefing Note: 45th Meeting Of The Wipo Standing Committee On Copyright And Related Rights, Sean Flynn
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
This analysis provides a historical and legal overview of the principle agenda items to be discussed at the 45th meeting of the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights.
Petition To List The American Horseshoe Crab Under The U.S. Endangered Species Act As An Endangered Or Threatened Species And To Concurrently Designate Critical Habitat, Will Harlan, William Snape Iii, Soleil Gaylord
Petition To List The American Horseshoe Crab Under The U.S. Endangered Species Act As An Endangered Or Threatened Species And To Concurrently Designate Critical Habitat, Will Harlan, William Snape Iii, Soleil Gaylord
PEEL Faculty Scholarship
Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b); Section 553(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e); and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) and its partners submit to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the NOAA Fisheries a petition to list the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) as threatened or endangered and to concurrently designate critical habitat.
Deconstructing Burglary, Ira P. Robbins
Deconstructing Burglary, Ira P. Robbins
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The law of burglary has long played a vital role in protecting hearth and home. Because of the violation of one’s personal space, few crimes engender more fear than burglary; thus, the law should provide necessary safety and security against that fear. Among other things, current statutes aim to deter trespassers from committing additional crimes by punishing them more severely based on their criminal intent before they execute their schemes. Burglary law even protects domestic violence victims against abusers who attempt to invade their lives and terrorize them.
However, the law of burglary has expanded and caused so many problems …
Copyright And Covid, Sean Flynn
Copyright And Covid, Sean Flynn
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
During the COVID-19 pandemic it became widely recognized that speedier access to patent rights should be enabled to speed global scale-up of vaccine production. This understanding was expressed in a proposal by India and South Africa that the World Trade Organization suspend multilateral intellectual property rules on COVID vaccines, treatment and containment. The original waiver proposal proposed a suspension of WTO rules on all forms of intellectual property needed for a broad range of COVID-19 response measures, including “vaccination,” “treatment,” and “containment.” The final “TRIPS Waiver,” however, was ultimately limited to a minor provision of TRIPS permitting greater use of …
The Right To Research As Guarantor For Sustainability, Innovation And Justice In Eu Copyright Law, Christophe Geiger, Bernd Justin Jütte
The Right To Research As Guarantor For Sustainability, Innovation And Justice In Eu Copyright Law, Christophe Geiger, Bernd Justin Jütte
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
Research is essential for scientific, cultural, and social advancement and will be crucial for the economic and societal recovery in a post-pandemic world. Restrictions to access and use of information contained in copyright-protected expression however can constitute significant hindrances to conducting research efficiently, especially since modern research methods rely on accessing, storing and processing large amounts of digitized data. Over the last decade, copyright in the European Union (EU) has undergone a process of constitutionalization, which saw a growing importance of fundamental rights arguments in policy- and law-making, as well as in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of …
Exiting The Disaster, Evading The Responsibility? Wadi Al-Qamar -- The Moon Valley, Suzan Nada
Exiting The Disaster, Evading The Responsibility? Wadi Al-Qamar -- The Moon Valley, Suzan Nada
Perspectives
This essay explores a case that delivered no results for the complainants, where harm was not prevented, and where stakeholders who filed the complaint were not compensated. Investigated by the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO) of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Wadi al-Qamar case illustrates some of the limitations of accountability mechanisms in limiting the harms caused directly or indirectly by projects in which the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) invest.
Ending 30 Years Of Imf Exceptionalism: A Call For An Accountability Mechanism At The International Monetary Fund, Luiz Vieria
Ending 30 Years Of Imf Exceptionalism: A Call For An Accountability Mechanism At The International Monetary Fund, Luiz Vieria
Perspectives
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel (WBIP or Panel), created as the result of grass-roots and international pressure on the Bank to address the well-documented negative impacts on marginalised communities of the Bank-financed Narmada dam and similar projects.
The establishment of the world’s first independent accountability mechanism (IAM) at the World Bank led to the creation of similar mechanisms at nearly all international financial institutions (IFIs), with the IMF an important exception. The establishment of the WBIP and other IAMs was a step-change in accountability, as previously IFIs were only accountable to shareholders …
Unacceptable Means: The Inspection Panel Actions On World Bank Forcible Resettlement, Lori Udall
Unacceptable Means: The Inspection Panel Actions On World Bank Forcible Resettlement, Lori Udall
Perspectives
This essay reviews the World Bank’s Inspection Panel’s work on cases involving involuntary resettlement. Since its Inception, the Panel has received 89 requests involving resettlement (over half of all cases) and has investigated 32. It traces Panel cases, lessons learned, and advisory reports on resettlement and livelihood restoration. Despite the growing evidence through the years of resettlement failures, the World Bank continues to violate its own safeguard policies and repeat the same omissions and mistakes in projects. The essay concludes with recommendations for empowering the Inspection Panel and for the Bank to move towards bottom-up community development that better addresses …
The Esa At 50, Madison Calhoun, William Snape Iii, Derb Carter, Sharmeen Morrison, J.B. Ruhl, Sean Skaggs
The Esa At 50, Madison Calhoun, William Snape Iii, Derb Carter, Sharmeen Morrison, J.B. Ruhl, Sean Skaggs
PEEL Faculty Scholarship
December 2023 marked 50 years since the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was signed into law. The ESA has proven resilient to numerous legal challenges and saved many species from extinction. But its overall success has been debated, as the list of endangered and threatened species continues to grow, and only 54 species have been taken off of the list completely. On October 26, 2023, the Environmental Law Institute hosted a panel of experts who explored the successes and shortcomings of the statute and discussed what might happen next as climate change increases the risk of extinction. Below, we present a …
Codifying Prior Informed Consent To Govern Unregistered Pesticide Export, William Snape Iii
Codifying Prior Informed Consent To Govern Unregistered Pesticide Export, William Snape Iii
PEEL Faculty Scholarship
Despite binding international law and congressional authority to the contrary, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to allow U.S. chemical manufacturers to export dangerous and unregistered pesticides to poorer countries through a regulatory loophole that must close. EPA should immediately initiate rule making to require “prior informed consent” (PIC) for the export of pesticides unregistered in the United States under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). PIC is a widely accepted legal concept defined by U.S. domestic statutes and multilateral treaties and agreements.
The River Of Accountability Mechanisms: Then And Now, Suresh Nanwani
The River Of Accountability Mechanisms: Then And Now, Suresh Nanwani
Perspectives
In 1993, the river of international accountability mechanisms (IAMs) commenced from its source – the World Bank Inspection Panel (The Panel). In its journey the river was fed by the tributaries of similar accountability mechanisms from other development institutions, including four regional development banks – the Inter-American Development Bank in 1994, the Asian Development Bank in 1995, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2003, and the African Development Bank in 2006. It also welcomed other entities – bilateral institutions like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (2003) and Proparco (2018), United Nations Development Program (2014) and other organizations like …
Thirty Years Of Accountability In International Development: Insights From The General Counsel Of The World Bank Group, Christopher H. Stephens
Thirty Years Of Accountability In International Development: Insights From The General Counsel Of The World Bank Group, Christopher H. Stephens
Perspectives
The creation of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel in 1993 was a groundbreaking moment in international development. The first accountability mechanism of its kind, it established a precedent for accountability in development that has been followed by multiple development banks and international financial institutions over the last decades. Today, the credibility of international financial institutions rests significantly on the mechanisms that they put in place to check their own behavior and the avenues they offer for affected communities and individuals to raise questions of harm related to the projects financed by these institutions. This essay is a reflection on the …
Legal Risk And Accountability In Development Finance: Lessons From Jam V. International Finance Corporation, Michelle Harrison, Shannon Marcoux
Legal Risk And Accountability In Development Finance: Lessons From Jam V. International Finance Corporation, Michelle Harrison, Shannon Marcoux
Perspectives
In a landmark decision in 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Jam v. International Finance Corporation that international organizations like the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private lending arm of the World Bank Group, can be sued in U.S. courts, ending the “absolute immunity” from suit that they had long claimed. The Jam lawsuit arose out of IFC’s gross mishandling of the Tata Mundra coal-fired power plant project in Gujarat, India, which has destroyed the livelihoods, environment, and way of life of local communities living in its shadow. The lawsuit, and especially the clash between IFC’s sweeping assertions of …
Imf Human Rights Accountability: A Pragmatic Way To Break The Deadlock, Aldo Caliari
Imf Human Rights Accountability: A Pragmatic Way To Break The Deadlock, Aldo Caliari
Perspectives
In the three decades since the 1993 establishment of the World Bank Inspection Panel, almost all development finance institutions (DFIs) have established analogous panels, ombudsperson offices or other independent accountability mechanisms (IAMs) to allow people who believe they have been harmed by the DFI’s activities to directly trigger processes of fact-finding, dispute resolution, and, if applicable, redress. The primary exception has been the International Monetary Fund.
World Bank's Roadmap And The Inspection Panel's Human Rights Responsibilities, Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky, C.P. Chandrasekhar
World Bank's Roadmap And The Inspection Panel's Human Rights Responsibilities, Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky, C.P. Chandrasekhar
Perspectives
The World Bank has been under pressure to devise a process for “evolving” its mission, operations, and resources, acknowledging that decades of engagement with low- and middle-income countries has resulted, paradoxically and contrary to its official mission, in a “crisis of development.” The Bank bluntly notes in the opening to its paper “Evolving the World Bank Group’s Mission, Operations, and Resources: A Roadmap,” issued in December 2022, “after decades of progress, growth and poverty reduction have stalled.” Indeed, this “crisis of development” threatens to unleash political instability around the world.
A Fourth Amendment Pathfinder: Stop-And-Frisk And Race, Emily Pratt
A Fourth Amendment Pathfinder: Stop-And-Frisk And Race, Emily Pratt
Upper Level Writing Requirement Research Papers
No abstract provided.
Fairness And Fair Use In Generative Ai, Matthew Sag
Fairness And Fair Use In Generative Ai, Matthew Sag
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
No abstract provided.
Copyright, Data Mining And Developing Models For South African Natural Language Processing, Chijioke Okorie
Copyright, Data Mining And Developing Models For South African Natural Language Processing, Chijioke Okorie
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
This paper sets out the issues of copyright ownership and risk of copyright infringement liability raised by data science research use of data held by public bodies (in particular, public service broadcasters) in South Africa. Considering both the fair dealing exception in South Africa’s Copyright Act of 1978 and the proposed fair use provision in its Copyright Amendment Bill B13F-2017, the paper discusses these issues elaborating on the reasons why data science researchers in public research institutions should not require a copyright licence or be considered to be infringing copyright when they use copyright-protected materials held by public bodies for …
Excerpts Of Sccr 44 Delegate Statements, Sean Flynn, Andres Izquierdo
Excerpts Of Sccr 44 Delegate Statements, Sean Flynn, Andres Izquierdo
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
The World Intellectual Property Organization’s Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) held its 44th meeting November 6-8, 2023. This post includes excerpts from the public statements made by country or regional delegations during the meeting.
The Conclusions Of Sccr 44, Sean Flynn
The Conclusions Of Sccr 44, Sean Flynn
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
Last week, the World Intellectual Property Organization’s Standing Committee on Copyright and related Rights (SCCR) held its 44th meeting where substantial progress was made in protecting public interest issues within the two major standing items of the agenda -- on the Broadcast Treaty and on Limitations and Exceptions. This document summarizes the decisions made at the meeting as recorded in the Chair’s Summary.
The Constitutional Court Of Colombia Imposes Limits On The Use Of Internet Jammers During Social Protests, Carolina Botero, Lina Paola Velásquez
The Constitutional Court Of Colombia Imposes Limits On The Use Of Internet Jammers During Social Protests, Carolina Botero, Lina Paola Velásquez
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
The Constitutional Court of Colombia has issued an important ruling regarding the use of the Internet as the main tool to guarantee the fundamental rights to freedom of speech and access to information during social protests. This ruling marks an important precedent in the matter because it imposed new obligations on the State and the government to guarantee the "maximum level of information". Likewise, the Court ordered the regulation of the use of signal jammers during social protests. This article will analyze the ruling and its effects in Colombia.