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The Global Impact Of The Dracma Guidelines Cow’S Milk Allergy Clinical Practice, Alessandro Fiocchi, Holger Schunemann, Ignacio Ansotegui, Amal Assa’Ad, Sami Bahna, Roberto Berni Canani, Martin Bozzola, Lamia Dahdah, Christophe Dupont, Motohiro Ebisawa, Elena Galli, Haiqi Li, Rose Kamenwa, Gideon Lack, Alberto Martelli, Ruby Pawankar, Maria Said, Mario Sánchez-Borges, Hugh Sampson, Raanan Shamir, Jonathan Spergel, Luigi Terracciano, Yvan Vandenplas, Carina Venter, Susan Waserman, Gary Wong, Jan Brozek

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: The 2010 Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guidelines are the only Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines for cow’s milk allergy (CMA). They indicate oral food challenge (OFC) as the reference test for diagnosis, and suggest the choice of specific alternative formula in different clinical conditions. Their recommendations are flexible, both in diagnosis and in treatment.

Objectives & methods: Using the Scopus citation records, we evaluated the influence of the DRACMA guidelines on milk allergy literature. We also reviewed their impact on successive food allergy and CMA guidelines at national and …

World Allergy Organization-Mcmaster University Guidelines For Allergic Disease Prevention (Glad-P): Probiotics, Alessandro Fiocchi, Ruby Pawankar, Carlos Cuello-Garcia, Kangmo Ahn, Suleiman Al-Hammadi, Arnav Agarwal, Kirsten Beyer, Wesley Burks, Giorgio W. Canonica, Motohiro Ebisawa, Shreyas Gandhi, Rose Kamenwa, Bee Wah Lee, Haiqi Li, Susan Prescott, John J. Riva, Lanny Rosenwasser, Hugh Sampson, Michael Spigler, Luigi Terracciano, Andrea Vereda-Ortiz, Susan Waserman, Juan José Yepes-Nuñez, Jan L. Brożek, Holger J. Schünemann

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Prevalence of allergic diseases in infants, whose parents and siblings do not have allergy, is approximately 10% and reaches 20–30% in those with an allergic first-degree relative. Intestinal microbiota may modulate immunologic and inflammatory systemic responses and, thus, influence development of sensitization and allergy. Probiotics have been reported to modulate immune responses and their supplementation has been proposed as a preventive intervention.

Objective: The World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a guideline panel to develop evidence-based recommendations about the use of probiotics in the prevention of allergy.

Methods: We identified the most relevant clinical questions and performed a systematic review …

Differential Live Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- , M. Bovis Bcg-, Recombinant Esat6-, And Culture Filtrate Protein 10-Induced Immunity In Tuberculosis, Zahra Hasan, Bushra Jamil, Mussarat Ashraf, Muniba Islam, Maqboola Dojki, Muhammad Irfan, Rabia Hussain

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

The high prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis makes it imperative that immune responses to evaluate could be predictive of infection. We investigated live Mycobacterium- and recombinant antigen-induced cytokine and chemokine responses in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) compared with those of healthy controls from an area where TB is endemic (ECs). M. tuberculosis-, M. bovis BCG-, ESAT6-, and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10)-induced responses were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pulmonary TB (n = 38) and ECs (n = 39). The levels of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the …

Altered Platelet Activating Factor Metabolism In Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, R A. Memon, S A. Saeed, A Jabbar, A Jafri, A H. Gilani, S Saleem, H Akbani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Diabetes mellitus is associated with several abnormalities of platelet function. Recent studies have shown that the blood level of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, is elevated in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and remains unchanged in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. However, the mechanism of this increase in PAF levels has not been determined. In this study we have measured the activity of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (an enzyme that regulates PAF levels) and lipoprotein levels in control subjects and diabetic patients. The data presented show that plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity is significantly decreased in …