Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Publication
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges
Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges
Faculty Publications
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity may be associated with decreased memory in older adults. To further investigate the association between T. gondii seropositivity and memory in nondemented older adults, we obtained serum samples from 114 non-demented older adults evaluated by the Alzheimer’s Disease and Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis Missouri, USA. We determined T. gondii seropositivity and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody titer and examined associations with memory function while controlling for socioeconomic status, education level, age, and apolipoprotein E4 status. There were few associations between T. gondii seropositivity or anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and memory, although there …
Toxoplasma Gondii Moderates The Association Between Multiple Folate-Cycle Factors And Cognitive Function In U.S. Adults, Bruce L. Brown, Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges
Toxoplasma Gondii Moderates The Association Between Multiple Folate-Cycle Factors And Cognitive Function In U.S. Adults, Bruce L. Brown, Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges
Faculty Publications
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a microscopic, apicomplexan parasite that can infect muscle or neural tissue, including the brain, in humans. While T. gondii infection has been associated with changes in mood, behavior, and cognition, the mechanism remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that T. gondii may harvest folate from host neural cells. Reduced folate availability is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cognitive decline. We hypothesized that impairment in cognitive functioning in subjects seropositive for T. gondii might be associated with a reduction of folate availability in neural cells. We analyzed data from the third …
Sex Differences In Cognitive Decline In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease, Juliann Thompson
Sex Differences In Cognitive Decline In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer's Disease, Juliann Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and results in progressive cognitive decline, particularly in regards to memory (National Institute on Aging, 2012). Prior research has shown sex differences in brain-atrophy rates of AD patients, with women experiencing a higher rate of progression in volume reduction (Skup et al., 2011). This suggests that there may also be differences in cognitive functioning between sexes, particularly in the rate of cognitive decline with a more rapid disease progression for dementing females compared to dementing males. The current study monitored memory function longitudinally in approximately 200 total participants, 100 with …
The Impact Of Physical Activity On Memory: Recognition Differentiation Between Stimuli, Seth Spencer, C. Brock Kirwan
The Impact Of Physical Activity On Memory: Recognition Differentiation Between Stimuli, Seth Spencer, C. Brock Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Many studies have shown a correlation between physical exercise and healthy cognitive processing. It has been shown extensively that regular exercise has a positive impact on brain health. One example is a study that linked increased exercise with greater performance on as shown via a Stroop Color-Word test [1]. Similarly, regular exercise has been shown to be related to improved memory and object recognition [2]. Another study has shown that even a single session of exercise can alter functional connectivity in the brain as measured by the resting-state fMRI [3]. The problem with this literature is an utter lack of …
The Effect Of Sleep-Dependent Consolidation On Pattern Separation And Pattern Completion In Delayed Retrieval, Jesse Ray James
The Effect Of Sleep-Dependent Consolidation On Pattern Separation And Pattern Completion In Delayed Retrieval, Jesse Ray James
Theses and Dissertations
While people sleep, the brain replays the same neural firings that resulted from waking activities that day. This results in greater memory strength following a sleeping delay than a waking delay. The current project built upon this fact in a series of three experiments. Experiment 1. Although previous research has demonstrated a benefit of sleep to memory strength, the literature has not established the impact of sleep on memory specificity. Computational models of medial temporal lobe function posit that discrimination and generalization across similar memories are accomplished through processes known as pattern separation and pattern completion, respectively. To discover whether …
The Longitudinal Stability Of Memory In Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alexander J. Cramond
The Longitudinal Stability Of Memory In Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alexander J. Cramond
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has demonstrated mixed evidence on impaired memory functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with the only consensus that there appears to be much heterogeneity. In addition, no research to date has examined the stability of memory in ASD. This study examined the stability of memory function in ASD compared to typically developing age-matched controls. Participants were administered the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL) twice, three years apart, in an established longitudinal NIH-supported investigation of ASD. Based on available research contrasting memory development in healthy individuals versus those with ASD, it was hypothesized that memory performance in the …
The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper
The Neural Correlates Of Retrospective Memory Monitoring: Convergent Findings From Erp And Fmri, Jeremy Clark Roper
Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring the accuracy of memory is an automatic but essential process of memory encoding and retrieval. Retrospective memory confidence judgments are making effective and efficient decisions based on one's memories. The neural processes involved in retrospective confidence ratings were investigated with EEG and fMRI using a recognition memory task designed such that participants also rated their confidence in their memory response. Correct trials (hits and correct rejections) were examined for differences related to the participants' level of confidence in their response. There were significant differences in electrophysiological activity (in the FN400 and the late parietal component) associated with confidence rating, …
Activity In Both Hippocampus And Perirhinal Cortex Predicts The Memory Strength Of Subsequently Remembered Information, Y. Schrager, C. Brock Kirwan, L. R. Squire
Activity In Both Hippocampus And Perirhinal Cortex Predicts The Memory Strength Of Subsequently Remembered Information, Y. Schrager, C. Brock Kirwan, L. R. Squire
Faculty Publications
An influential idea about memory and medial temporal lobe function suggests that hippocampal activity predicts subsequent recognition success only when decisions are based on recollection, whereas perirhinal activity predicts subsequent recognition success when decisions are based on familiarity. An alternative idea is that hippocampal and perirhinal activity are both sensitive to the level of overall memory strength. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we have tested the relationship between brain activity during learning and subsequent memory strength. Activity in a number of cortical regions (including regions within what has been termed the default network) was negatively correlated with subsequent memory strength, …
Conditional Discrimination And Reversal In Amnesia Subsequent To Hypoxic Brain Injury Or Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Rupture, C. E. Myers, J. Deluca, Ramona O. Hopkins, M. A. Gluck
Conditional Discrimination And Reversal In Amnesia Subsequent To Hypoxic Brain Injury Or Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Rupture, C. E. Myers, J. Deluca, Ramona O. Hopkins, M. A. Gluck
Faculty Publications
Human anterograde amnesia can develop following bilateral damage to the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes, as in hypoxic brain injury, or following damage to the basal forebrain, as following anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm rupture. In both cases, the mnestic deficit may be similar when assessed by standard neuropsychological measures. However, animal and computational models suggest that there are qualitative differences in the pattern of impaired and spared memory abilities following damage to hippocampus versus basal forebrain. Here, we show such a dissociation in human amnesia using a single two-stage task, involving conditional discrimination and reversal. Consistent with a prior …