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Developing A Word Fragment Completion Task For Measuring Trait Aggression, Steven Khazon
Developing A Word Fragment Completion Task For Measuring Trait Aggression, Steven Khazon
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The goal of this paper was to develop a test that uses the implicit processing style to assess aggression. This paper begins by reviewing current aggression theories and how aggression is assessed. Next it discusses the implicit and explicit processing styles and how scholars have used these methods of information processing to create psychological assessments. Afterwards, it presents a new indirect test of trait aggression that is based on the word fragment completion task and attempts to evaluate its validity in three experiments. In Study 1, psychometric methods are used to derive a 9-item trait aggression scale and initial support …
The Decision To Pursue Self-Interests: Cultural Implications At The Individual Level, Corinne Patrice Wright
The Decision To Pursue Self-Interests: Cultural Implications At The Individual Level, Corinne Patrice Wright
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In the current study I examined the relationships between personality, culture, and the decision to pursue self-interests. Specifically, I proposed that conscientiousness, extraversion, idiocentrism, masculinity, and power distance would be positively related to the decision to pursue self-interests whereas agreeableness would be negatively related to the pursuit of self-interests. I also proposed an exploratory examination of interactions between personality and individual cultural values in predicting the decision to pursue self- interests. As predicted, idiocentrism and masculinity significantly predicted the decision to pursue self-interests. In addition, masculinity moderated the effects of both agreeableness and neuroticism on the pursuit of self-interests. Also, …
Sex And Racial Differences In Socially Desirable Responding, Kathryn G. Van Dixhorn
Sex And Racial Differences In Socially Desirable Responding, Kathryn G. Van Dixhorn
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The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of sex and racial differences in faking behavior, specifically socially desirable responding, in a large (N = 295,517), applied sample. Results indicated that females are engaging in more intentional socially desirable responding, whereas males are engaging in more inadvertent socially desirable responding. However, these differences are not likely to influence selection. Caucasians are displaying more intentional socially desirable responding than African Americans (d = 0.55), Hispanics (d = 0.57), and Asian Americans (d = 0.29). Asian Americans - iii - engaged in less inadvertent socially desirable responding than Caucasians (d …
Team Conflict And Effectiveness In Competitive Environments, Julie A. Steinke
Team Conflict And Effectiveness In Competitive Environments, Julie A. Steinke
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Substantial time and money are spent assessing workplace teams to delineate what makes a team effective. Historically, as teams developed into vital components of organizations, they also became the target of empirical research (see Kozlowski and Bell, 2003, for a review). However, questions remain concerning how individuals function within teams. My study was restricted to influences on individual functions within teams, and I offer a conceptual model of the effects of both individual and team factors on individual level outcomes (e.g., conflict and team effectiveness). Specifically, I examined these effects for a relatively unexamined population, i.e., college athletic coaching staffs. …
The Effects Of Causal Attributions On Subordinate Responses To Supervisor Support, Kevin Eschleman
The Effects Of Causal Attributions On Subordinate Responses To Supervisor Support, Kevin Eschleman
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Causal attributions can play an integral part in how employees respond to events in the work environment (Bowling and Beehr, 2006; Dasborough and Ashkanasy, 2002; Perrewé and Zellars, 1999). Causal attributions of a work behavior or event include locus of causality (i.e., self-directed, supervisor-directed, organization-directed), stability, and intentionality (i.e., altruistic, self-serving). In the current study, I examined the consequences of subordinates' causal attributions on responses to emotional and instrumental supervisor support. As expected, emotional and instrumental supervisor support were positively associated with job satisfaction, supervisor satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviors, and organizational commitment assessed 30 days later. Emotional supervisor support also …
Turnover Reasons And Employee Attitudes: Examining Linkages Within The Framework Of Behavioral Reasoning Theory, Gregory D. Hammond
Turnover Reasons And Employee Attitudes: Examining Linkages Within The Framework Of Behavioral Reasoning Theory, Gregory D. Hammond
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This study investigated the relationship between individuals' reasons for leaving their former employers (e.g., inadequate pay) and relevant attitudinal variables (e.g., attitudes regarding pay and other compensation). The role of attitudes as a mediator of the relationship between reasons and intentions was also investigated. Finally, the relationship between reasons, attitudes, and reemployment in the same industry was investigated. Results from an archival sample of former employees (n = 5044) from 8 small to medium-sized companies in a variety of industries indicated mixed support for the hypotheses. Implications and directions for future research were discussed.
Personality And Simulated Employment Decisions In Perceived Gay And Lesbian Applicants, Megan Brianne Morris
Personality And Simulated Employment Decisions In Perceived Gay And Lesbian Applicants, Megan Brianne Morris
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Currently, there is no research that assesses how individual's perceptions of personality and other characteristics in gay male and lesbian applicants affect employment decisions. I examined individuals' perceptions of personality in gay and lesbian applicants and the effect of these perceptions on employment outcomes. I hypothesized that individuals would prescribe gender atypical traits to gay male and lesbian applicants, and that qualification ratings for these applicants would depend on job-type match with the applicants' gender atypical traits. In the current study, I used a sample of undergraduate students. Each participant evaluated a resume that potentially contained cues reflecting a homosexual …
The Relationship Of Personalized And Traditional Iats With Explicit Attitude And Behavioral Measures, Rebecca Rae Riffle
The Relationship Of Personalized And Traditional Iats With Explicit Attitude And Behavioral Measures, Rebecca Rae Riffle
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Researchers suggest that the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is structurally flawed, allowing contamination of responses that are influenced by stereotypical associations. This research investigated the use of a personalized IAT (PIAT) to reduce extrapersonal associations. The IAT and the PIAT were adapted to measure unconscious gender bias in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Explicit gender bias was measured by self-reports and a new measure, the Instant Uncontrollable Reactions (IUR) questionnaire. Partial support was found for the PIAT-explicit attitudes relationship reflecting less gender bias than the IAT-explicit attitudes relationship. It was expected that the PIAT-IUR relationship would show less …
A Comparison Of Work-Specific And General Personality Measures As Predictors Of Ocbs And Cwbs In China And The United States, Qiang Wang
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Previous studies on frame-of-reference effects have focused on domain-specific personality measures as predictors of performance in North America. The current study expands on this research by comparing work-specific and general personality as predictors of CWBs and OCBs in an East Asian culture (i.e., China). Consistent with the literature on frame-of-reference effects in personality assessment, I found that three Big Five personality dimensions, including agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, were significantly related with OCBs and CWBs. Also, use of a frame of reference that is conceptually relevant to the criterion led to increased validity as a result of the decrement in …
Multipurpose Map Designs For Gps Surface-Vehicle Navigation: Spatial Knowledge And Advisory Functions, Caitlan A. Rizzardo
Multipurpose Map Designs For Gps Surface-Vehicle Navigation: Spatial Knowledge And Advisory Functions, Caitlan A. Rizzardo
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Current car navigation systems primarily utilize track-up maps with spatial turn arrows, which facilitate turn decision-making but do not facilitate acquisition of spatial knowledge of the region. North-up maps do facilitate acquisition of regional spatial knowledge, however, these displays sometimes have arrows heading in directions misaligned with a driver's forward view, such as when the car is heading south. Drivers have difficulty making turn decisions in these misaligned maps because of stimulus-response reversals (Chan and Chan, 2005; Levine, 1982; Levine, Marchon and Hanley, 1984; Montello, 2010). A new display was designed using a fixed orientation north-up map and added a …
The Role Of Deliberate Behavior In Expert Performance: The Acquisition Of Information Gathering Strategy In The Context Of Emergency Medicine, Frank Eric Robinson
The Role Of Deliberate Behavior In Expert Performance: The Acquisition Of Information Gathering Strategy In The Context Of Emergency Medicine, Frank Eric Robinson
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Effective performance in dynamic domains requires experts to assess problems and implement solutions within the constraints of their work system, but these processes are not well accounted for in the expertise literature. I observed resident and attending emergency physicians to determine the behaviors that distinguish doctors as they manage patients and what contextual variables may affect these behaviors. Factor analyses revealed three types of behavior: goal establishment behavior, goal enactment behavior, and acknowledging uncertainty. Multilevel analyses indicated that doctors' experience and both the local and global context of care impact these behaviors. More experienced doctors appear to be more sensitive …
Assessment Of Implicit Attitudes Toward Women Faculty In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math, Sarah Marie Jackson
Assessment Of Implicit Attitudes Toward Women Faculty In Science, Technology, Engineering, And Math, Sarah Marie Jackson
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This study used two implicit attitude measures (a Go/No-Go Association Task; GNAT and a personalized GNAT; PGNAT) and three explicit measures to assess attitude change in faculty attending a diversity training session on women in STEM. It was hypothesized that (1) pre- and post-training explicit scores would correlate more strongly with the PGNAT than with the GNAT, (2) training would result in more positive attitudes toward women in STEM, and (3) difference scores would be greatest in the explicit scales, followed by the GNAT and PGNAT. Partial support was found for a stronger correlation between the PGNAT and explicit scores, …
Sound Localization In Multisource Environments: The Role Of Stimulus Onset Asynchrony And Spatial Uncertainty, Brian David Simpson
Sound Localization In Multisource Environments: The Role Of Stimulus Onset Asynchrony And Spatial Uncertainty, Brian David Simpson
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Several studies have shown that detection of a target in a concurrent noise masker improves when the masker onset occurs prior to that of the target (see, e.g., Zwicker, 1965; McFadden, 1966; Yost, 1985). Recent research indicates that this "masker fringe" (i.e., the portion of the masker occurring prior to the target onset) also facilitates sound localization in noise (Simpson, Gilkey, Brungart, Iyer, & Romigh, 2009a; Simpson, Gilkey, Brungart, Iyer, & Hamil, 2009b). However, these studies do not provide a clear indication of what information listeners are exploiting to obtain this improved localization performance. This dissertation was designed to determine …
Exploring The Potential For Independent Control With The Nia/Brainfingers System - Is Independent Control Of Glance, Muscle, Alpha And Beta Waves Possible?, Jehangir Cooper
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BCI (Brain-Computer-Interface) devices on the market today, such as the NIA, have the capability to assign computer commands to specific channels (e.g., EMG, EOG, Alpha, and Beta) associated with different methods of control. However, the utility of this capability is dependent on the ability of users to selectively/independently control the specific channels. The NIA system was evaluated to determine if independent control of its channels is possible. Two users with varying levels of experience were used in this study. The users played pong using each of the channels to control the pong paddle, while the data on the activation levels …
Relationships Between Organizational Variables And The Inclusive Language Used By Leaders, Matthew J. Keller
Relationships Between Organizational Variables And The Inclusive Language Used By Leaders, Matthew J. Keller
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I investigated relationships between organizational variables and leadership, as measured by inclusive language use. Specifically, I examined whether organization size and profitability relate to the organization leader's use of language. I expected language use to be more inclusive in smaller and more profitable organizations, relative to larger and less profitable organizations. In this study, I used a regression approach to test my hypotheses. Results indicated that organization size was positively related to passive voice indicators, in support of Hypothesis 1. However, profitability was negatively related to inclusive pronouns and positively related to passive voice indicators, both of which were opposite …
Exploring Empirical Guidelines For Selecting Computer Assistive Technology For People With Disabilities, Jennifer Border
Exploring Empirical Guidelines For Selecting Computer Assistive Technology For People With Disabilities, Jennifer Border
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Assistive technologies (AT) enable people with disabilities (PWD) who are unable to use traditional computer workstations to independently access computers. The selection process of AT is complex due to the numerous AT available and the specific needs of the user. This study examined the process to select new AT for a PWD with Arthrogryposis. In part 1, a series of two different typing sessions (typing test and journal response) were completed by three different AT (voice recognition (VRS), head tracker (HT), and brain computer interface (BCI)). In part 2 only journaling sessions using VRS and the user's traditional typing method …
Replacing Indirect Manual Assistive Solutions With Hands-Free, Direct Selection, James W. Leonard Jr.
Replacing Indirect Manual Assistive Solutions With Hands-Free, Direct Selection, James W. Leonard Jr.
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Case study BK is a teenage male who suffers from severe cerebral palsy, making communication very difficult using his current assistive technology. His performance with a manual switch was compared to a hands-free system for computer interaction (Cyberlink Brainfingers/ NIA). BK uses a switch scanning menu, which steps through predetermined options till he chooses the current option being read aloud by pressing a button. A yes/no menu was used for the switch scanning interface for both manual and hands free conditions, as well as the point and click condition. In both hands-free conditions, BK was as fast and accurate as …