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Family Separation And Changes In Peer Relationships Among Early Adolescent Latino Youth: Examining The Mediating Role Of Family Relationships, Lawrence Duane House
Family Separation And Changes In Peer Relationships Among Early Adolescent Latino Youth: Examining The Mediating Role Of Family Relationships, Lawrence Duane House
Psychology Dissertations
This longitudinal study examines whether family processes (family cohesion and family conflict) mediate the relationship between family separation experiences and the development of peer relationships (quality and conflict). The study includes a sample of 199 early adolescent Latinos from immigrant families. Family conflict mediated the relationship between separation experiences from fathers and peer conflict at year 1 but not year 2 such that more separation from father was associated with higher family conflict and higher peer conflict at year 1. Family cohesion did not mediate associations between mother or father separation and peer relationship outcomes. Family cohesion predicted more positive …
The Reduction Of Anti-Gay Bias Through Interpersonal Contact: The Moderating Roles Of Hiv Stigma And Motivation To Respond Without Prejudice., Lisa Ann Elliott
The Reduction Of Anti-Gay Bias Through Interpersonal Contact: The Moderating Roles Of Hiv Stigma And Motivation To Respond Without Prejudice., Lisa Ann Elliott
Psychology Theses
The intergroup contact effect is well-documented in the research literature (for a meta-analysis see Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Although researchers have identified a few moderators of the contact effect, the constraints under which the contact effect is optimally effective are not well understood. The current research explored two individual difference measures related to anti-gay attitudes, AIDS stigma and motivation to respond without prejudice (internal and external motivation), as potential moderators of the contact effect on heterosexual men’s attitudes towards gay men. Results indicated that increased external motivation and AIDS stigma hinder the benefits of contact for anti-gay attitudes. Implications of …
Subtypes Of Memory Impairment In Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Nicole C. Mickley
Subtypes Of Memory Impairment In Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Nicole C. Mickley
Psychology Dissertations
Memory impairments are common in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This is understandable given that temporal lobe brain structures involved in TLE play a central role in encoding memories. It is widely accepted that individuals whose seizure focus is in the left temporal lobe (LTLE) tend to have verbal memory impairments, whereas individuals whose seizure focus is in the right temporal lobe (RTLE) tend to have visuospatial memory impairments. However, evidence of functional subdivisions within the left and right temporal lobes in both the animal and human literature suggest that more specific subtypes of memory impairment may exist in …
Investigating The Role Of Emotion Perception In The Adaptive Functioning Of Individuals On The Autism Spectrum, Margaret B. Hudepohl
Investigating The Role Of Emotion Perception In The Adaptive Functioning Of Individuals On The Autism Spectrum, Margaret B. Hudepohl
Psychology Theses
Cognitive functioning has historically been used to predict adaptive outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorders; however, research shows that it does not adequately predict these outcomes. Therefore, the current study explored the role of emotion perception in the adaptive functioning of individuals with ASDs. Emotion perception was assessed using the DANVA-2, which has audio and static face stimuli, and the DAVE, dynamic, audio-visual emotion movies. Adaptive functioning was assessed using the Vineland-II Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living domains. Results indicated that individuals with ASDs demonstrated significant impairments in both adaptive functioning and emotion perception compared to typical individuals. Findings …
Exploring The Relationship Between Racial Factors And Critical Social Analysis Among A Group Of African American Youth, Brandeis H. Green
Exploring The Relationship Between Racial Factors And Critical Social Analysis Among A Group Of African American Youth, Brandeis H. Green
Psychology Theses
The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of racial identity and racial socialization beyond peer and parental influence, to the development of critical social analysis in African American youth. Young people perceive injustice and inequality in their world in varying ways. The recognition of societal inequalities, or the development of critical social analysis may be a contributing factor to activism for youth. Factors such as sense of agency, parental and peer influence and intellectual curiosity have previously been explored as contributors to activism for African American youth (Watts, 1999). Study results indicated support for the link between …
An Examination Of The Influence Of Stress And Coping On Psychosocial Functioning In Caregivers Of Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Josie S. Welkom
An Examination Of The Influence Of Stress And Coping On Psychosocial Functioning In Caregivers Of Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Josie S. Welkom
Psychology Theses
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 out of every 600 African-American newborns (NHLBI, 2006). Research suggests that caregivers of children with SCD are at risk for maladjustment. The purpose of this current study was to build upon previous research regarding stress and coping of parents of children with SCD. Additionally, novel information regarding the effects of racial identity was explored. Participants included 103 caregivers (M = 41.1 years old, SD = 8.04 years) of children with SCD. Parents completed a demographic form, the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Pediatric Inventory for Parents, Coping Health Inventory for …
Adherence To Psychotherapy For Post-Traumatic Stress In Veterans Of Military Combat In Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) And Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom), Nicolle C. Angeli
Adherence To Psychotherapy For Post-Traumatic Stress In Veterans Of Military Combat In Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) And Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom), Nicolle C. Angeli
Psychology Dissertations
Elucidating factors associated with adherence to treatment for physical and mental health conditions is important, given well-documented associations between non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes. Researchers have worked to identify such factors; however, most studies focus on adherence to medical, rather than, psychological treatments. Clarifying variables that predict adherence to psychotherapy is particularly important for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for whom treatment, which typically involves exposure to trauma-related stimuli and imagery, can be aversive. It may consequently be associated with high nonadherence rates, even though studies indicate that greater adherence to PTSD treatment relates to better treatment outcomes. Research …
2008 U.S. Presidential Election: Persuasive Youtube Interactions About War, Health Care, And The Economy, Lindsey Zimmerman
2008 U.S. Presidential Election: Persuasive Youtube Interactions About War, Health Care, And The Economy, Lindsey Zimmerman
Psychology Theses
Persuasive appeals posted to United States presidential candidates’ YouTube videos were coded using a grounded theory mixed-methods design. 37,562 comments about education, energy, Iraq, health care, the economy, and the presidential debates were randomly collected by date and time for three studies using coding analysis: pilot, presidential primaries, and the presidential election. Seven argument types were identified and theoretically refined according to dual process models of persuasion: reason-based, candidate-based, emotion-based, endorsements, enthusiasmheuristic, other-interest and self-interest. Theoretical comparisons and hypothesis testing of argument types were conducted by issue and election event. Consistent with impression involvement, reason-based appeals were more frequent during …
Gaze Fixation During The Perception Of Visual And Auditory Affective Cues, Susan M. Mcmanus
Gaze Fixation During The Perception Of Visual And Auditory Affective Cues, Susan M. Mcmanus
Psychology Theses
The accurate integration of audio-visual emotion cues is critical for social interactions and requires efficient processing of facial cues. Gaze behavior of typically developing young adults was measured via eye-tracking during the perception of dynamic audio-visual emotion (DAVE) stimuli. Participants were able to identify basic emotions (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) and determine the congruence of facial expression and prosody. Perception of incongruent videos resulted in increased reaction times and emotion identification consistent with the facial expression. Participants consistently demonstrated a featural processing approach across all tasks, with a significant preference for the eyes. Evidence of hemispheric lateralization was indicated by …
The Relations Among Parenting Style, Parent-Adolescent Relationship, Family Stress, Cultural Context And Depressive Symptomatology Among Adolescent Females, Dayna M.V. Diaz
Psychology Dissertations
This study examines the relations between depressive symptom expression and cultural and family contexts among adolescent females from different ethnic groups. Specifically, ethnic identity, parenting style, family stress and the quality of parent-adolescent relationships were examined as potential protective factors for depressive symptom expression among a diverse group of female adolescents. This study addressed the following research questions: 1) Are there ethnic group differences in depressive symptom expression across Latina, African American and Asian adolescent females? 2) Are there ethnic group differences in the association of family processes with depressive symptom expression across these three ethnic groups? 3) Regardless of …
Evaluation Of A Body Pillow To Aid Pediatric Spinal Fusion Recovery, Naomi Eve Joffe
Evaluation Of A Body Pillow To Aid Pediatric Spinal Fusion Recovery, Naomi Eve Joffe
Psychology Theses
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to correct structural spinal damage or abnormalities. Recovery is painful and consists of a minimum 3-day hospital stay. Specific body positioning is necessary for healing but is difficult to maintain due to physical discomfort. The purpose of this study was to use a single-subject multiple baseline design to compare the current practice of using standard hospital pillows to a body-sized pillow for increasing comfort and decreasing pain in pediatric patients recovering from spinal fusion surgery. Four adolescents who had recently undergone spinal fusion surgery served as participants. Outcome measures included self- and nurse-report, …
Medical And Neuropsychological Predictors Of Adaptive Functioning In Children With Epilepsy., Aimilia Papazoglou
Medical And Neuropsychological Predictors Of Adaptive Functioning In Children With Epilepsy., Aimilia Papazoglou
Psychology Dissertations
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, with both seizures and their medical treatment associated with increased risk of neuropsychological impairments. Adaptive functioning in children with epilepsy is poorly understood. This study sought to identify the neuropsychological and medical predictors of optimal adaptive functioning in pediatric epilepsy. Forty-six children with epilepsy and 16 typically developing children and their parents participated in this study at two time points. Overall, adaptive functioning was found to be in the average to low average range in children with epilepsy. A composite measure assessing cumulative seizure history was able to significantly …
Self-Esteem, Failure Feedback, And Physiological Reactivity: Implications For Working Memory And Aggression, John Patrick Ryan
Self-Esteem, Failure Feedback, And Physiological Reactivity: Implications For Working Memory And Aggression, John Patrick Ryan
Psychology Dissertations
Research has recently begun to focus on separable conscious and subconscious aspects of self-esteem. Meanwhile, research on aggressive behavior has found that some individuals with high self-esteem are more prone to aggressive behavior. Based on a biopsychosocial approach, research has shown that appraisals of threat/challenge are marked by distinct physiological responses – threat appraisals are marked by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, whereas challenge appraisals are marked by activation of the sympathetic adrenal-medullary axis. The present study examines the relationship between failure feedback, implicit and explicit self-esteem, appraisals, working memory and aggression in a series of three experiments. Experiment 1 …
Impact Of Training On Parent Knowledge And Behavior, Donald J. Bearden
Impact Of Training On Parent Knowledge And Behavior, Donald J. Bearden
Psychology Theses
Immunizations are an essential part of children’s healthcare; however, the associated distress can have short- and long-term negative ramifications for children. Parents’ procedural behavior is one of the strongest predictors of children’s distress. The current study evaluated whether an interactive computer training program influenced parents’ knowledge of the impact that their behavior has on their children or their actual procedural behavior during children’s immunizations. 90 parents and their 4- to 6-year-old children receiving immunizations participated. Overall, findings suggest that using a computerized training module to enhance parent knowledge and behavior is helpful but requires improvements in some areas to optimize …
Can I Talk To You? Sociopolitical Factors And Their Relation To Symptoms And Treatments Of Social Anxiety In A Sample Of African Americans With Social Anxiety, Mayowa Obasaju
Psychology Dissertations
This study is exploratory in nature and focuses on the relation between the individual and macrosystems by investigating the link between African Americans’ fear of confirming stereotypes and their experience with symptoms and treatments for social anxiety. This study hypothesizes that 1) among a sample of African Americans diagnosed with social anxiety, there will be a significant, positive relationship between African-Americans’ self-reported concerns over confirming stereotypes relevant to both social anxiety and their own self-reported levels of social anxiety, 2) significantly more African Americans will drop-out of therapy than Caucasians, 3) amongst African Americans, significantly more will drop out of …
Pain, Quality Of Life, And Coping In Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, Crystal Marie Stack Lim
Pain, Quality Of Life, And Coping In Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, Crystal Marie Stack Lim
Psychology Dissertations
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects predominately African Americans and is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States (Schecter, 1999). Research has not sufficiently examined whether pain associated with SCD impacts quality of life or whether coping impacts this relation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between pain and quality of life in children with SCD and to determine whether coping moderates the relation. A secondary aim was to examine associations between age and pain, quality of life, and coping. A final exploratory aim was to examine the relation between racial identity and …
A Developmental Approach To Sibling Relationships: Disaggregating The Components Of Sibling Relationship Quality Over Time For Siblings Of Individuals With Intellectual Disability, Shana Strickland Richardson
A Developmental Approach To Sibling Relationships: Disaggregating The Components Of Sibling Relationship Quality Over Time For Siblings Of Individuals With Intellectual Disability, Shana Strickland Richardson
Psychology Theses
Siblings can serve as significant companions and caregivers for individuals with ID throughout the lifespan. Yet, the developmental course of sibling relationships for siblings of individuals with ID has not been well addressed in the current literature. Thus, the current study examined change over time in four dimensions of relationship quality (power, intimacy, conflict, and rivalry) as well as how the constellation variables of sex, birth order, and age differences affected the development of relationship quality. Sibling relationships were found to have a stable power structure, with the nondisabled sibling reporting higher levels of power in the relationship. Developmental trajectories …
Subtypes Of Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Implications For Early And Future Diagnosis, Lisa D. Wiggins
Subtypes Of Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Implications For Early And Future Diagnosis, Lisa D. Wiggins
Psychology Dissertations
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of disorders that affect social, communication, and behavioral development. Identification of clinically distinct subtypes of ASDs, especially in the developmental period when delays or deficits are first recognized (i.e., in the first few years of life), can lend clues to etiology and trajectory and enhance current knowledge on early manifestations of the disorders. Moreover, identification of clinically distinct subtypes of ASDs may inform early identification efforts. Past research suggests that social relations, verbal abilities, nonverbal abilities, and the presence of certain stereotyped interests and behaviors (SIB) may be important factors in delineating subtypes …
No M S Violencia: Family Conflict And Youth Aggression Among Latino Youth, Cathy Roche
No M S Violencia: Family Conflict And Youth Aggression Among Latino Youth, Cathy Roche
Psychology Dissertations
This research examined the link between family conflict and youth aggression in Latino families. Attitudes toward aggression were tested as a mediator of this link, whereas family constellation variables (cohesion, responsibilities, birth order, and gender) were tested as moderators. This model was tested in a longitudinal community sample of 143 youth (study 1) and in a sample of 35 sibling dyads exposed to domestic violence (study 2). Differences between the two studies supported the notion that domestic violence and family conflict are distinct phenomena. For example, fairness did not have any main effects or interaction effects on behavioral outcomes in …
Family Processes Promoting Achievement Motivation And Perceived School Competence Among Latino Youth: A Cultural Ecological-Transactional Perspective, Natalie Jayne Wilkins
Family Processes Promoting Achievement Motivation And Perceived School Competence Among Latino Youth: A Cultural Ecological-Transactional Perspective, Natalie Jayne Wilkins
Psychology Dissertations
This longitudinal study uses a cultural ecological-transactional perspective (Garcia-Coll, et. al., 1996; Kuperminc, et al., in press) to examine whether relational factors (familism and parental involvement) predict processes of motivation and achievement one year later among 199 Latino adolescents from immigrant families. Parent involvement predicted higher present-oriented and future-oriented motivation, and familism predicted higher present-oriented motivation. Future-oriented motivation predicted higher perceived school competence, while present-oriented motivation predicted lower perceived school competence. Both future and present-oriented motivation increased over time for recent immigrants significantly more than for US-reared youth. Findings suggest that 1) familism and parent involvement relate significantly to processes …