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Optimism In Parents Of 8-Year-Olds And Adolescents: Relations With Parental Efficacy, Age Of The Child, And Gender, Shannon E. Werner
Optimism In Parents Of 8-Year-Olds And Adolescents: Relations With Parental Efficacy, Age Of The Child, And Gender, Shannon E. Werner
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Parental optimism may be an important parenting characteristic that influences the parenting process, along with other parent, child and social characteristics. Optimism has generated a great deal of research in social psychology, but has remained relatively unstudied in the context of parenting. Parental optimism is distinguished from personal optimism in the sense that it is the specific tendency for parents to be positive about their child’s future development. In the present study, 35 families completed a series of questionnaires concerning their 8-year-old, first-born child (17 males and 18 females). Measures included the Parent Expectations Index (the measure of parental optimism), …
Investigating Age Factors In Cross-Language Transfer Of Phonological Processing Across English And Chinese Languages, Yan Gu
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The current study compared the reading and phonological performance of younger and older Chinese-speaking children who learned to read English as a second language in Canada. Parallel measures of reading, phonological processing, orthographic processing, and oral language proficiency were administered in English and Chinese to 25 younger children (Grades 1 and 2) and 26 older children (Grades 5 and 6). Phonological processing skill in English and Chinese were intercorrelated and correlated with English reading performance in both age groups. For the younger children, English phonological processing skill was a unique predictor of English reading performance. Conversely, for the older children, …
Perception Of Empty And Filled Time Intervals In Pigeons: An Attentional Allocation Explanation Of The Empty Interval Illusion, Stephanie Hornyak
Perception Of Empty And Filled Time Intervals In Pigeons: An Attentional Allocation Explanation Of The Empty Interval Illusion, Stephanie Hornyak
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Studies with humans and non-human animals have established how stimulus properties play an important role in the subjective duration of time. A phenomenon referred to as the Filled Interval Illusion has been found with humans, which demonstrates that filled intervals are perceived to be longer than empty intervals of equivalent duration. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pigeons judge empty time intervals bounded by two 500-ms light markers to be longer than an equivalent filled interval of light. Experiment 1 was able to replicate the Empty Interval Illusion with pigeons. Experiment 2 attempted to determine whether the Empty Interval Illusion …
Effect Of Ondansetron And Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol On The Establishment Of Lithium-Induced Conditioned Taste Avoidance In The House Musk Shrew (Suncus Murinus), Magdalena Kwiatkowska
Effect Of Ondansetron And Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol On The Establishment Of Lithium-Induced Conditioned Taste Avoidance In The House Musk Shrew (Suncus Murinus), Magdalena Kwiatkowska
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Recent evidence suggests that toxin-induced taste avoidance in the non-emetic rat is not mediated by conditioned sickness. In contrast, it appears that toxin-induced taste avoidance in an emetic species is mediated by conditioned sickness. The present experiments evaluated the potential of the anti-emetic agents, ondansetron [OND; a serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist] and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC; a cannabinoid (CB 1) agonist] to interfere with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced taste avoidance in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). In Experiment 1, shrews were pretreated with OND (1.5 mg/kg) or saline 30 min prior to drinking 0.1% saccharin solution then they were injected with LiCl …
Cultural Differences In Holism, Focalism And Affective Forecasting, Kent C.H. Lam
Cultural Differences In Holism, Focalism And Affective Forecasting, Kent C.H. Lam
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The "impact bias" in affective forecasting - a tendency to overestimate the emotional consequences of a particular future event - might not be a universal phenomenon. This prediction bias occurs in part because of a cognitive process known as focalism, whereby predictors focus attention narrowly on the target event and neglect other mitigating events and circumstances. It was hypothesized that East Asians, because of their holistic tendencies, would be less susceptible to focalism and consequently to the impact bias. These hypotheses were partially supported. In Study 1, participants predicted on a cold day how happy they would be when outdoor …
Story Telling: A Narrative Based Evaluation Of Supported Housing For Consumers At Waterloo Regional Homes For Mental Health, Inc., Sarah L. Peddle
Story Telling: A Narrative Based Evaluation Of Supported Housing For Consumers At Waterloo Regional Homes For Mental Health, Inc., Sarah L. Peddle
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
A qualitative, narrative approach was used to evaluate a supported housing program for formerly homeless people with serious mental health problems. The housing organization hosting the research is currently providing supported-living, single-occupancy apartments funded under the Phase II Mental Health Homelessness Initiative by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The study was designed to gather the stories of those who have been recently homeless or at risk for homelessness, have a serious mental illness, and have been housed within the past year in this housing, as well as to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of supported housing …
Improving Preschoolers' Memories For The Sources Of Events: A Comparison Of Two Source-Monitoring Training Techniques, Francine M. Pilon
Improving Preschoolers' Memories For The Sources Of Events: A Comparison Of Two Source-Monitoring Training Techniques, Francine M. Pilon
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Preschoolers have a tendency to confuse the sources of events when recalling information. Two source-monitoring training (SMT) techniques were compared to see whether source confusions can be reduced in 3- to 4-year-old children (N = 37). After watching a puppet-show and story, children were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: two SMT conditions (explicit and implicit) and one control condition (memory training) where they were trained on non-target puppet-show and story events. The explicit method consisted of a clear mention of both sources (story, puppet show) and their modality (hearing and seeing, respectively) during training, specific instruction to utilize …
The Relationship Between Youth Involvement And The Transition To University: An Examination Of The Mediating Factors, Thanh-Thanh Tieu
The Relationship Between Youth Involvement And The Transition To University: An Examination Of The Mediating Factors, Thanh-Thanh Tieu
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Research shows that involvement in activities outside of schoolwork and paid employment predicts better adjustment to university. The purpose of this study was to determine why involvement predicts better adjustment. Literature indicates that in addition to involvement, adjustment to university may be influenced by self-esteem, stress, social support and social skills. It was hypothesized that these factors mediate the relationship between involvement and adjustment. Two studies examined this hypothesis. In study 1, two new scales (the Quality of Involvement Scale, and the Social Skills Scale) were developed and pilot tested for use in study 2. In study 2 undergraduate students …
Parents' Perceptions Of Children With Learning Disabilities: Asian Indian And Caucasian Cultural Perspectives, Henareet Singh
Parents' Perceptions Of Children With Learning Disabilities: Asian Indian And Caucasian Cultural Perspectives, Henareet Singh
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Past literature on parents' identification of children with learning disabilities is very limited. Within the existing literature, the possibility of differences between cultures in parents' perceptions of children with learning disabilities has scarcely been examined. Two cultural groups were examined in the present study: Asian Indian (Sikh, collectivist culture) and Caucasian 1 (individualistic culture). Parents with children without learning disabilities (and some with children with learning disabilities) were examined. Both groups were given a survey to explore how they would identify children with learning disabilities. Population proportions were calculated on how the entire sample (i.e., Caucasian and Asian Indian participants …
A Media Literacy Intervention: Using Self-Objectification As A Tool For Identifying Changes In Well-Being And Internalization, Becky L. Choma
A Media Literacy Intervention: Using Self-Objectification As A Tool For Identifying Changes In Well-Being And Internalization, Becky L. Choma
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
According to objectification theory, females are socialised to internalize a third person perspective of their own physical appearance (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), which in turn serves to decrease well-being (Sands & Wardle, 2003). In our culture, one of the biggest culprits for portraying a negative perspective of women's bodies is media (Thompson & Heinberg, 1999). In an effort to combat the harmful effects of media, researchers have suggested that being able to critically evaluate (i.e., media literacy) such messages may be helpful (Tiggeman, Gardiner, & Slater, 2000). Past research has failed to measure trait self-objectification (TSO: high, low) and its …
Event Knowledge And The Subjective Temporal Distance Of Past Events, Travis Mcteer
Event Knowledge And The Subjective Temporal Distance Of Past Events, Travis Mcteer
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Three studies investigated a proposed relation between memory quality for past events and the subjective temporal distance of those events. The findings support the hypothesis that those events that are remembered more vividly and in greater detail tend to feel closer than more poorly remembered events. Studies 1 and 2 establish a correlational link between memory quality and subjective distance. Study 3 uses an experimental design to demonstrate that an individual's memory quality for a past event can affect his/her rating of the subjective distance of that event. The results are discussed in terms of the associations between feelings of …
Novelty And The Running-Induced Feeding Suppression, Elham Satvat
Novelty And The Running-Induced Feeding Suppression, Elham Satvat
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In adult rats, wheel introduction induces a temporary feeding suppression, which may be the result of either a conditioned taste avoidance induced by wheel running (Left & Grant, 1996), or an anorectic effect produced by running (Mueller, Loft, & Eikelboom, 1997). The first experiment investigated the effect of alternate-day wheel access on consumption of novel 32% sucrose solution in 36 adult male rats. The first group of rats had no wheel access, the second continuous wheel access, and the third alternate-day wheel access. Rats without wheel access consumed large amounts of sucrose from the first day. Both groups with wheel …
Social Interaction And Attitudes Towards Computers In Seniors, Melanie Jennifer Webb
Social Interaction And Attitudes Towards Computers In Seniors, Melanie Jennifer Webb
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Sixty-eight participants were introduced to computers through 5 workshops. Seniors worked in dyads with either one shared computer or a computer for each participant. Social interactions while working on the computers between partners were examined. In addition, participants completed a total of five surveys across the sessions to determine whether the introduction of the computers had any impact on their attitudes towards computers and technology. Differences were found for the types of social interaction engaged between the one computer and two computer conditions. Specifically, participants in the one computer condition engaged in a significantly greater amount of problem-solving, as well …