Digital Commons Network^™

A Meta-Analytic Framework For Understanding How Leader-Subordinate Age Differences Impact Leadership Effectiveness Ratings: A Novel Approach To Relational Demography, Cort Whiting Rudolph

Wayne State University Dissertations

Recently, there has been renewed interest in studying relational demography, which focuses on how demographic differences between individuals and members of their work unit impact individual level outcomes (Joshi, Liao & Roh, 2011). In terms of age, relational demography research has focused on the individual-within-group level of analysis, such as studying how age differences between individuals and their peers affect work attitudes (Riordan & Shore, 1997). However, the influence of age differences between leaders and their subordinates has not been sufficiently addressed by this literature (Tsui, Egan & Xin, 1995).

This study investigates how leader-subordinate age differences affect subordinates' ratings …

Emotional Risk Factors For Substance Abuse In A Chronic Pain Population: Developing A Predictive Model And Testing Methods For Assessing Stigmatized Behaviors, Lindsay Margaret-Sander Oberleitner

Wayne State University Dissertations

There are currently few factors guiding physicians' decisions as to whether an individual patient may need additional regulation of pain medications because of risks. The limited predictive factors applied to prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain patients is surprising given the breadth of personal, cognitive, and emotional factors explored in both chronic pain and substance abuse literatures broadly. The present study had two purposes. First, concurrent risk factors for prescription misuse and substance abuse in chronic pain patients were explored, specifically examining whether the addition of emotional factors to the traditionally used risk factors improves prediction of prescription and substance …

A Bioecological Approach To Empathy, Altruism, And Intent To Help: Developmental, Dispositional And Contextual Factors Influence Prosocial Motivations And Intentions, Michelle Provenzano Beechler

Wayne State University Dissertations

Whether one helps due to altruistic empathy or egoistic motivators has been debated in the social psychological literature most recently with the Felt-Oneness (Cialdini et al., 1997) and the Empathy-Altruism (Batson 1991) hypotheses. For strangers, it appears that helping intentions are predicted by felt-oneness, except in circumstances in which a bystander feels nurturance toward a target, in which case empathy is found to predict helping. For close relationships, however, empathy predicts helping, particularly in high need situations. Antipathy has been presented as a possible confound as well (Batson et al., 1997), but has not been tested. The present study took …

Awareness Of Deficits And On-Road Driving Performance Among Persons With Acquired Brain Injury, Julie Ann Griffen

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study examined the relationship of neuropsychological and on-road driving evaluations among adults with acquired brain injury (ABI), and the extent to which that relationship is moderated by awareness of deficit. Awareness of deficit may partly explain mixed findings regarding the relationship between cognitive function and driving outcomes, inasmuch as persons aware of their deficits attempt to compensate for them accordingly, thereby minimizing deficit-related risk.

Sixty-two pairs of adults with ABI and significant-other informants recruited from a driving evaluation center and 40 healthy controls participated. Adults with ABI and controls completed neuropsychological and on-road evaluations.

Awareness of deficit was directly …

Individual Differences In Hemispheric Lateralization Of Language Processing, Sarah Ann Van Dyke

Wayne State University Dissertations

Conclusions in the literature regarding the relationship between a lateralized bias in the processing of information and individual differences (e.g., biological sex, gender identity, ability, personality) are inconsistent. We compared two different measures of laterality: dichotic listening and lateralized semantic priming and their relation to sex, verbal and visual-spatial ability, gender identity, and personality.

Eighty-nine adults (44 women, 45 men) were administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Bem Sex Role Inventory, and Big Five Inventory in addition to a dichotic listening task and a lateralized semantic priming task that compared ipsilateral and contralateral priming in order to determine the …

The Effects Of Meta-Communication Training On Therapeutic Process And Outcome At A University Counseling Center, Tamara Lynn Mckay

Wayne State University Dissertations

There is a considerable body of research related to both the therapeutic alliance and orienting clients to the psychotherapy process. This study is the first to examine the impact of a meta-communication orientation exercise regarding the therapeutic alliance on process variables and treatment outcomes. Participants (N=44) were randomly assigned to either a control or meta-communication condition where they engaged in an orientation exercise that combined elements of role induction and experiential pretraining regarding Bordin's (1979) model of the therapeutic alliance. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine if engaging in the orientation exercise would improve mood, ratings of the therapeutic …

Long-Term Psychological Outcomes And Awareness Of Deficit In Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury And Their Significant Others: The Role Of Physiological And Neuroendocrine Reactivity To Stress, Sarah J. Meachen

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study investigated the relationships between physiological/neuroendocrine reactivity to stress and long-term psychological outcomes among persons with TBI and their significant others. In addition, this study examined the potential moderating role of patient AOD in characterizing these relationships. The findings indicate that physiological stress reactivity predicts poor psychosocial functioning in survivors of TBI and their significant others. Chronic stress (reflected in high baseline values) and stress reactivity were generally adversely associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction. Among significant others of TBI survivors, this pattern was also observed for sense of caregiving mastery and burden. However, there were also some …

Social Support And Health Outcomes In Adolescents Experiencing Homelessness And Poverty: A Test Of The Main Effect And Stress-Buffering Hypotheses, Danijela Zlatevski

Wayne State University Dissertations

The health benefit and stress-buffering effects of social support were examined. Homeless (N=250) and housed (N=148) adolescents were assessed in adolescence and again in early adulthood, providing longitudinal data to help understand how these social constructs may change and influence health. The study was designed to test Cohen and Wills (1985) main effect and stress-buffering hypotheses. Current findings provide some support for the main effect hypothesis and some more limited support for the stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on mental health. Specifically, a main effect was found at baseline for network social support on number of substance abuse symptoms. …

Inter/Intrapersonal Variables And Readiness For Change On Achieving Recovery, Deborah Conrad-Garrisi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Individuals with serious mental illness experience numerous barriers that prevent achieving a meaningful life, as well as increase the risk of social isolation and ostracism. However, recovery from serious mental illness is an emerging reality for many who experience psychiatric illness. Psychiatric rehabilitation programs that promote recovery, community integration, and acceptance aim to combat the potentially detrimental consequences of mental illness. The purpose of this study was to examine how inter/intrapersonal variables, such as sense of mattering, sense of community, and perceived stigma influence recovery from mental illness among consumers who participate in psychiatric rehabilitation programs, known as clubhouses. In …

The Effects Of Racially-Motivated Emotional Arousal On The Eating Behaviors Of African American Women, Lenwood W. Hayman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Disparities between African Americans and Caucasians remain vast across a wide variety of health indicators. Chronic stress has been identified as a risk factor for a variety of chronic illnesses and poor health outcomes. One type of chronic stress that has been linked to health disparities is the stress associated with experiences of racial discrimination. The stress African Americans encounter as a result of their racist experiences contributes to a chronic elevation of their physiological stress response. In addition to stress, a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and diabetes is obesity, which has been established as a major …

An Examination Of The Primary And Secondary Effects Of Cyber-Bullying: Development And Testing Of A Cyber-Bullying Moderator/Mediator Model, Crystal Lin Johnson

Wayne State University Dissertations

This study examined cyber-bullying as a social transgression and the potentially negative effects it has on individuals, specifically adolescents and young adults from experiences recalled by college students. Findings established support for a moderator/mediator model, designed and tested for this study, that describes the psychological process prompted by a cyber-bullying message, which is moderated as well as mediated by several factors. This study examined the theoretical and practical value of the model in terms of being able to reflect the psychological process that individuals move through when exposed to a cyber-bullying message, and its ability to account for both primary …

Nonresident Fathers Parenting And Child And Adolescent Development, Hema Oshoone Mason

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

NONRESIDENT FATHERS PARENTING AND CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

by

HEMA OSHOONE MASON

August 2011

Advisor: Dr. Douglas Barnett

Major: Psychology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology (Cognitive, Developmental and Social Psychology)

This study investigated the statistical relations between nonresident father involvement and various child outcomes over time. Specifically, the present study examined specific aspects of nonresident father involvement that included (a) paternal warmth, (b) emotional closeness, and (c) involvement in school related activities. The particular child outcomes under investigation included positive behaviors including self-esteem, social competence and self-control. The problem behaviors that were examined were child externalizing behaviors (e.g., aggression, …

Effects Of A Group Counseling Career Intervention On The Hopefulness And Future Orientation Of At-Risk Middle School Students, Amy Kathryn Macey

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a small group counseling career intervention on levels of total hope, willpower (agency), waypower (pathways), and future orientation of at-risk middle school students attending an urban middle school in Southeast Michigan. This true experimental, randomized, pretest-posttest control group design compared the statistical outcomes of a small group counseling career intervention with a control group. Forty-four middle school students in the eighth grade (18 males and 26 females) were randomly selected and participated in the research study. Twenty-two students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and twenty-two students were …

Parent Adherence To Psychologist Recommendations: The Role Of Expressed Emotion About Child And Reaction To Diagnosis, Lesley Ann Hetterscheidt

Wayne State University Dissertations

For the majority of children with significant behavioral or academic problems at school, the first course of action is to participate in a psychological evaluation. Upon completion of the evaluation parents receive an integrative report containing numerous recommendations for how to improve the well-being of their child. 51 child clients who

were referred and completed a comprehensive assessment for behavioral or academic problems were recruited for this study. A year or more after the evaluations were completed, parents of the children were asked about each written report recommendation, whether or not it was followed, and reasons for non-adherence. Expressed Emotion …

Work-Family Boundary Management Strategies: Examining Outcomes, And The Role Of Fit, Madhura Chakrabarti

Wayne State University Dissertations

As more and more people attempt to effectively manage the simultaneous demands of work and family, researchers are now trying to investigate the various ways by which people choose to do so. The present study investigated the concept of boundary management strategies that describes the work-family interface in terms of cognitive, physical, and behavioral boundaries between work and family domains that individuals actively try to manage in order to balance the two worlds. Research in boundary management strategies has been minimal due to the the novelty of the construct. In this study, specific individual and organizational outcomes like work-family conflict, …

Effects Of Two Group Approaches On Life Satisfaction And Mood Of Older Females In Nursing Homes, Bede Redpath Ryan

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two group counseling therapy interventions on levels of life satisfaction and mood disturbance of older women, age 65+, living in two Detroit-based skilled nursing home facilities. This quasi-experimental, two-treatment group design examined the pretest-posttest data of two group counseling therapy interventions, Group Art Therapy (GAT) and Group Life Stories Narrative Therapy (GLSNT). Seventeen participants completed the bi-weekly, 90-minute sessions, over a four-week period. A univariate ANCOVA with group membership as fixed independent variable was used to compare life satisfaction post scores with pre scores as covariates. Mean scores were …

The Effects Of Participation In A Human Sexuality Workshop On The Attitudes Of Counselors In Training Toward Homosexuality, Lawrence Craig Perry

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an educational workshop on the implicit and explicit attitudes of graduate counseling students toward homosexuality. Counseling students' attitudes toward sexuality and homosexuality were measured before and after participating in an educational workshop on human sexuality. The setting for the study was a human sexuality workshop being taught within a counselor education graduate program. The weekend workshop was an elective class for graduate students who were enrolled at a large urban university. A total of 23 individuals volunteered to participate in the study.

The participants were asked to complete three …

Relational Aggression And Popularity, Lisa Jo Woodcock-Burroughs

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

RELATIONAL AGGRESSION AND POPULARITY

by

LISA WOODCOCK-BURROUGHS

May 2012

Advisor: Dr. Jina Yoon, Ph.D.

Major: Educational Psychology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between perceived popularity, sociometric popularity and relational aggression across a wide age span, and to investigate gender differences across different stages of development. Students (n = 99) in grades 3 through 12, from a rural school district in mid-Michigan, participated in the study. Data were collected during the 2010-2011 school year.

Statistically significant within gender differences were found for relational and overt aggression, indicating that males exhibited higher …

Testing The Impact Of Anger Awareness And Expression Training And Relaxation Training On Chronic Headaches, Olga Slavin-Spenny

Wayne State University Dissertations

Chronic headache is a serious and common problem (World Health Organization [WHO], 2004). There is a heavy social and economic burden associated with chronic headaches. Relaxation training, which is thought to work by decreasing arousal/anxiety, is a commonly used behavioral treatment for chronic headache and has been shown to be effective. However, other research has suggested that anger may be an important emotion in the experience of pain, and that suppression of anger may lead to worse pain (Quartana et al., 2006). Although existing literature has demonstrated that anger suppression leads to worse pain, it has not addressed the question …

Collective Identification In Arab American Emerging Adults: Does Affirmation To Ethnic, National, Family And Religious Groups Predict Positive Adjustment?, Mona K. Poinsett

Wayne State University Dissertations

There has been little work investigating multiple social identities, though an individual can identify with several groups (Kiang, Yip, & Fuligni, 2008). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships among theoretically significant ingroup identifications and their contributions to adjustment in Arab American emerging adults. The Inclusion of the Ingroup in Self (IIS) measure and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure - Revised (MEIM-R) were adapted to measure affirmation to ethnic, national (American), family, and religious groups. The results indicate that a pure model of pure affirmation could not be supported - it may be important to consider exploration …

Approximate Vs. Monte Carlo Critical Values For The Winsorized T-Test, Michael Lance

Wayne State University Dissertations

Historically, it has been accepted practice for critical values for the Winsorized t test for independent samples to be based on adjusted degrees of freedom depending on the number of total non-Winsorized (approximate) values. Recently, a new such table of Winsorized critical values has been developed via approximate randomization by Monte Carlo simulation.

Based on eight common data distributions estimated from Psychology and Education along with the normal and five Mathematical distributions, these two tables of values were compared with respect to robustness to types I and II errors through Monte Carlo simulations for one and 10% Winsorized values per …

The Effect Of An Educational Intervention On The Level Of Codependency Among Graduate Counseling Students, Dianna Lynn Belyea

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of codependency and emotional intelligence before and after participating in an educational intervention for codependency at a workshop on substance abuse. The setting for the study was a substance abuse workshop that was an elective for graduate students who were enrolled in counseling programs at a large urban university. A total of 23 individuals volunteered to participate in the study. The levels of emotional intelligence were investigated to determine if the characteristics sometimes associated with codependency could be better explained by emotional intelligence (EI). The participants completed three surveys, The …

Personality Characteristics Effects On Supervisory Working Alliance And Counselor Trainees' Skill Development, Michelle Marlene Corbin

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of matching supervisors and counselor trainees personality characteristics of introversion/extraversion on supervisory working alliance and basic counseling skill development. The quasi-experimental two-treatment group study was conducted at a large mid-western urban university with master-level counselor trainees and advanced degree supervisors from a CACREP accredited Counselor Education Program during one semester. Fifteen practicum counselor trainees and eight advanced degree supervisors participated in the study. The data included pre-and-post measurements of the dependent variables, supervisory working alliance and basic counseling skill development, measured by the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory (SWAI) and Basic …