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Stepping Outside Of Yourself: Social Anxiety, Dissociation, Alcohol Consequences, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Cook
Stepping Outside Of Yourself: Social Anxiety, Dissociation, Alcohol Consequences, And Relationship Satisfaction, Matthew Cook
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
OVERVIEW: Social anxiety disorder is the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the United States. Dissociation can arise during acute daily social stressors in individuals with social anxiety. This study examined the relationship between social anxiety and functional outcomes (i.e., alcohol-related consequences and relationship satisfaction) as moderated by levels of dissociation (i.e., depersonalization/derealization). It was hypothesized that dissociation would moderate the relationships between social anxiety and alcohol-related consequences and between social anxiety and relationship satisfaction. METHOD: College students who endorsed alcohol use within the past 30 days (n = 320) and college students who reported having been in a romantic …
The Profession Of Modeling And Simulations: Unifying The Organization, John Lord
The Profession Of Modeling And Simulations: Unifying The Organization, John Lord
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The organization of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) as a profession started in the early twenty-first century spurred by the advent of computers and the vast networking capabilities of contemporary computing. M&S is still in its infancy when compared to other disciplines, such as engineering, computer science and mathematics. However, the profession has experienced significant growth in part due to the varied use of M&S techniques and tools within almost every discipline. Professional organizations and academic programs supporting M&S across the country have started to materialize. In a short timeframe, the growth of these supporting organizations has outpaced their ability to …
Group Composition Characteristics As Predictors Of Shared Leadership: An Exploration Of Competing Models Of Shared Leadership Emergence, Richard Currie
Group Composition Characteristics As Predictors Of Shared Leadership: An Exploration Of Competing Models Of Shared Leadership Emergence, Richard Currie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The study of leadership in organizations has received much research attention over the past several decades. However, most of this research has examined hierarchical structures of leadership wherein one individual leads, or is perceived to lead, several other individuals. With a growing number of organizations structuring employees within teams or work groups, researchers have begun studying the ways in which leadership operates in groups. One alternative to the traditional hierarchical structure is for leadership to be distributed or shared in groups such that multiple group members contribute to the overall leadership function of the group. As a result, researchers have …
The Examination Of A Mobile Application For The Reduction Of Posttraumatic Stress Related Symptoms In Emergency Dispatchers, Emy Willis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emergency dispatchers report that their jobs are stressful, yet there are few controlled investigations examining their specific psychological complaints. Additionally, research examining the use of interventions directed at alleviating their work-related stress is limited. This study aims to examine the efficacy and feasibility of a mobile application (PTSD Coach) on various indicators of psychosocial well-being among emergency telecommunicator dispatchers. A sample of 117 emergency dispatchers completed self-report psychological mood assessments at baseline, weekly for five weeks during PTSD Coach use and post-treatment. Participant report of psychological symptoms showed statistically significant decreases in mood severity over the period of one month.
Grandma Got Passed Over By A Manager: The Intersection Of Age And Gender In Hiring, Alyssa Perez
Grandma Got Passed Over By A Manager: The Intersection Of Age And Gender In Hiring, Alyssa Perez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research has demonstrated how age stereotypes influence judgment and decision making at work, but older workers are more than just older. All individuals are members of multiple demographic categories, yet we know surprisingly little about how multiple category membership affects judgments and decision making at work. Competing models have been suggested, such as the category activation and inhibition model (Kulik et al., 2007) and the intersectional salience of ageism at work model (Marcus & Fritzsche, 2015). However, empirical tests of these models are scarce. In the present study, the age and gender of job applicants were manipulated in a mock …
Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior With Explicit And Implicit Measures Of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, And Emotional Stability, Jimmy Zheng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current study leveraged the stressor-emotion model of CWB, the reflective-impulsive model of behavior, and theories of explicit and implicit personality to investigate the roles explicit and implicit aspects of personality, and work stressors have in influencing CWB. The stressor-emotion and reflective-impulsive models suggest that in addition to reflective (i.e., explicit) processes, impulsive (i.e., implicit) processes may also influence CWB because the act can be motivated by negative emotions induced by frustrating working conditions. Theories of personality and motivation suggest that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability predict CWB because these traits motivate people to pursue goals that reduce or increase …
Threatening Instructions During A Hurricane Influence Risk Perceptions: The Case Of Fear Appeals And Changing Hurricane Projections, Daphne Whitmer
Threatening Instructions During A Hurricane Influence Risk Perceptions: The Case Of Fear Appeals And Changing Hurricane Projections, Daphne Whitmer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research was to examine the effectiveness of persuasive language in the protective action recommendation of an emergency warning, which instructs people how to prepare and stay safe. Study 1 was a pilot study, which suggested that participants were able to make distinctions between hurricane categories. In study 2, the presence of fear language and second-person personal pronouns (i.e., "you") in a recommendation was manipulated. Overall, fear language was more influential than a pronoun on risk perceptions. To understand how context influences risk perceptions, participants in study 3 made decisions after each piece of information received. The …
Development Of Filial Obligation In Young Adults: An Examination Of Crisis And Lifespan Theory, Rachel Bassett
Development Of Filial Obligation In Young Adults: An Examination Of Crisis And Lifespan Theory, Rachel Bassett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Formal care institutions are unable to meet care demands. As a result, informal caregivers (friends, family, neighbors) are called upon to fulfill this need. Adult children make up the majority of these informal caregivers. Adult children vary with respect to whether or not they provide care, and the amount of care provided. Filial obligation and attachment are positive predictors of these care behaviors. A better understanding of how these factors emerge and invoke caregiving behaviors is crucial. The primary hypothesis of this study was that anxiety attachment dimension score would positively relate to baseline filial obligation, and that avoid attachment …
Habituation Trajectory During Exposure Therapy: Comparing Trauma Frequency And Trauma Type, Madeline Marks
Habituation Trajectory During Exposure Therapy: Comparing Trauma Frequency And Trauma Type, Madeline Marks
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The current DSM-5 criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affords heterogeneous symptom presentations; however, current treatment fails to consider differences in trauma frequency and trauma type. These different symptom profiles that exist within the PTSD framework lead to questions about the generalizability of treatment outcomes from one group to another group. One group of interest is those that experience multiple traumatic events and report multiple index traumas (trauma frequency). The second group of interest is those with a PTSD diagnosis from occupational exposure to traumatic events (trauma type). Appreciation of the reinforcement schedule may be particularly crucial for understanding treatment …
Designing Calorie Counter Smartphone Applications For Effective Weight Loss, Sharlin Milliard
Designing Calorie Counter Smartphone Applications For Effective Weight Loss, Sharlin Milliard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Poor dietary choices and lack of physical activity are two main contributing factors for the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States. Overweight and obese individuals are at risk for developing major life-threatening diseases. Weight loss is an effective means for reversing these adverse health effects, and smartphone applications (apps) may be an effective means for supporting weight loss outside of formal clinical settings. This study involved identifying factors that contribute to effective weight loss to compare with functionality commonly found in a sample of calorie counter apps. A content analysis was performed using a design framework …
The Creation And Validation Of A Compromising Scale For Nurses, Matthew Ng
The Creation And Validation Of A Compromising Scale For Nurses, Matthew Ng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For reasons such as job context and different interactions, compromising as performed by nurses is likely fundamentally different than compromising performed by other occupations. The following study proposes the creation and validation of a compromising scale for nurses. The first study aims to create the compromising scale for nurses through contemporary methods then test the reliability as well as the factor structure using an exploratory factor analysis on currently employed nurses recruited through a Qualtrics panel study. The second study then takes the final compromising scale for nurses and conducts a confirmatory factor analysis among a sample of employed nurses …
Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia In Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Andel Nicasio
Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Insomnia In Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Andel Nicasio
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the efficacy and feasibility of a brief telephone-delivered CBT-I (TeleCBT-I) intervention in cancer patients compared to a control group. The study used a randomized controlled trial design. The TeleCBT-I program consisted of a brief four-week CBT-I program adapted for cancer patients. Patients completed assessment measures at pre-treatment, post-treatment and one-month follow-up. Out of 184 patients screened, 39 were randomly assigned, and 35 (TeleCBT-I, n = 19; Control, n = 16) completed pre- and post-treatment measures and were included in the analyses. Compared to control group, the TeleCBT-I group reported decreased insomnia severity symptoms (p < .014), improved sleep quality (p < .023), and reduced dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (p = .039) at post-treatment with sustained treatment effects at one-month follow-up. Sleep measures yielded large effect sizes (Hedges' g, 0.84-2.7). Although the TeleCBT-I group indicated improvements in fatigue, general functioning, physical well-being, functional well-being, and physical quality of life, effects at follow-up were observed only for fatigue, functional well-being and physical quality of life. No effects were found on depression at any of the time points. In terms of feasibility, TeleCBT-I demonstrated high adherence, high homework completion and high overall satisfaction. These results advance the empirical evidence of CBT-I in cancer patients and support the use of telephone-delivered CBT-I to widely disseminate and implement among patients with cancer.
Protective Behavioral Strategies And Alcohol-Related Sex Among College Students, Roselyn Peterson
Protective Behavioral Strategies And Alcohol-Related Sex Among College Students, Roselyn Peterson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adverse sexual outcomes (e.g., sexual regret, sexual risk, and sexual assault) are a common experience among college students. In particular, regretted sex is reported by a third of college students and may result in psychological harm. Previous literature has found that alcohol is involved in approximately one third of regretted sex experienced by college students. A gap exists in the literature identifying who is more susceptible to experiencing a regretted sexual experience. Previous research has shown that students who implement protective behavioral strategies (PBS) while drinking are able to reduce alcohol-related negative consequences, including regretted sexual experiences. Three sub-types of …
Subjective Measures Of Implicit Categorization Learning, Audrey Zlatkin
Subjective Measures Of Implicit Categorization Learning, Audrey Zlatkin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The neuropsychological theory known as COVIS (COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems) postulates that distinct brain systems compete during category learning. The explicit system involves conscious hypothesis testing about verbalizable rules, while the implicit system relies on procedural learning of rules that are difficult to verbalize. Specifically from a behavioral approach, COVIS has been supported through demonstrating empirical dissociations between explicit and implicit learning tasks. The current studies were designed to gain deeper understanding of implicit category learning through the implementation of a subjective measure of awareness, Meta d', which until now has not been validated within a COVIS framework. …
The Effects Of Presence And Cognitive Load On Episodic Memory In Virtual Environments, Paul Barclay
The Effects Of Presence And Cognitive Load On Episodic Memory In Virtual Environments, Paul Barclay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Episodic memory refers to an individual's memory for events that they have experienced in the past along with the associated contextual details. In order to more closely reflect the way that episodic memory functions in the real world, researchers and clinicians test episodic memory using virtual environments. However, these virtual environments introduce new interfaces and task demands that are not present in traditional methodologies. This dissertation investigates these environments through the lenses of Presence and Cognitive Load theories in order to unravel the ways that basic technological and task differences may affect memory performance. Participants completed a virtual task under …
Conceptualizing The Role Of Severity In Counterproductive Work Behavior: Predicting Employee Engagement In Minor And Severe Cwbs, Katherine Ciarlante
Conceptualizing The Role Of Severity In Counterproductive Work Behavior: Predicting Employee Engagement In Minor And Severe Cwbs, Katherine Ciarlante
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) have been identified as pervasive employee behaviors with the potential to cause significant harm in the workplace (e.g., Sackett & DeVore, 2001). Because of the considerable threat CWBs pose to organizational and employee well-being, a literature has emerged to better understand the structure of these behaviors and identify the factors and conditions that effect employee engagement in counterproductive acts. While past research has distinguished between types of CWBs, i.e., theft, sabotage, withdrawal, less attention has been paid to the specific forms these behaviors take. For example, being two hours late to work is more serious and …
The Role Of Resilience On Second-Victim Outcomes: Examining Individual And External Factors Of Medical Professionals, Claudia Hernandez
The Role Of Resilience On Second-Victim Outcomes: Examining Individual And External Factors Of Medical Professionals, Claudia Hernandez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present work is intended to bring awareness to medical professionals impacted by the occurrence of errors they have committed or witnessed (i.e., second-victims) and highlight the negative effects that may result from such errors. The purpose of this research is to test whether resilience and negative affect that is experienced after a medical error are related. Additionally, four variables are tested as moderators of this relationship, two of which are considered individual variables (i.e., self-efficacy and work meaningfulness), and two of which are characterized as external variables (i.e., co-worker support and organizational support). Twenty-two healthcare professionals from a hospital's …
The Efficacy And Feasibility Of Neuropsychological Services In A Primary Care Setting, Danielle Herring
The Efficacy And Feasibility Of Neuropsychological Services In A Primary Care Setting, Danielle Herring
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Integrated primary care assimilates psychologists into the primary care setting, thus improving health outcomes and physician satisfaction. Neuropsychology has also begun to assimilate into primary care, as neurocognitive impairment is a correlate of many medical disorders. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a common complaint among older adults, is an increasingly recognized warning sign of non-normative cognitive aging. These patients typically present first to their primary care providers who may play a critical role in the early detection of cognitive impairment. Given the growing awareness about cognitive health and disability, the importance of neuropsychological assessment as a standard component of integrated care …
If A Virtual Tree Falls In A Simulated Forest, Is The Sound Restorative? An Examination Of The Role Of Level Of Immersion In The Restorative Capacity Of Virtual Nature Environments, Jessica Michaelis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stress and cognitive fatigue have become a pervasive problem, especially in Western society. Stress and cognitive fatigue can have deleterious effects not only on performance, but also on one's physical and mental health. This dissertation presents a study in which the aim is to investigate the effects of virtual nature on stress reduction and cognitive restoration. Specifically, this study assessed the effects of Immersion (Non-immersive, Semi-immersive, Fully-immersive) and Exploration (Passive vs Active) on stress reduction and cognitive restoration. Additionally, restoration from the most effective virtual nature environment was compared to that of taking an active coloring break. Eighty-three university students …
The Path Of A Stressed Temporary Worker To Cwb, Jamie Striler
The Path Of A Stressed Temporary Worker To Cwb, Jamie Striler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Temporary workers may experience unique and oftentimes stressful work situations that can precipitate negative outcomes for these workers, their coworkers, and their organizations. The current study considered broader implications of the various work experiences among temporary workers by testing the relationships of workplace stressors to temporary workers' behaviors. The workplace stressors examined were chosen based on their salience to temporary workers as shown throughout the current temporary worker literature, and included economic stressors, interpersonal mistreatment, and organizational constraints. It was hypothesized that these stressors would predict temporary workers' behaviors via emotional exhaustion and moral disengagement pathways, predicting the performance of …
Predictors Of Territorial Work Behavior: An Investigation Of Individual Differences In Personality Using The Hexaco Model, Andrew White
Predictors Of Territorial Work Behavior: An Investigation Of Individual Differences In Personality Using The Hexaco Model, Andrew White
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To date, little research has examined the relationship between territorial work behavior and individual differences in personality. Using hierarchical multiple regression, dimension-level and facet-level personality traits of the HEXACO model of personality were examined to determine whether personality traits predict territorial work behaviors. Based on a sample of 160 workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, it was observed that the dimensions of Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Openness to Experience, and Altruism predicted territorial work behaviors. In addition, facet-level traits from these dimensions, in addition to facets from the Extraversion and Agreeableness dimension, explained variance in each of the territorial behaviors. Furthermore, quantile regression …
Neurological Reactivity To Personalized Odors And Sounds In Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Michael Gramlich
Neurological Reactivity To Personalized Odors And Sounds In Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Michael Gramlich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neurophysiological procedure that offers immense clinical utility due to its cost effectiveness, ease of use, and mobile application. Using fNIRS to measure neurological reactions to personalized trauma-related cues might strengthen diagnostic screening, tailor treatment planning, and improve detection of remission among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Odors elicit strong emotional responses but remain underutilized in clinical research. This fNIRS study examined whether personalizing combat-related odors and sounds to have a higher or lower match to distressing combat experiences increased the observed neurological effect among combat veterans with and without combat-related PTSD. This study …
Brief Behavioral Health Intervention Program For Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease, Chelsea Wiener
Brief Behavioral Health Intervention Program For Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease, Chelsea Wiener
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and smoking cessation are widely recognized as essential for preventing and treating coronary artery disease (CAD). Research on lifestyle programs for patients with CAD has largely focused on long-term interventions (e.g., several months to one-year in duration). Further, many studies have recruited patients immediately post-cardiac event. By contrast, evaluation of brief lifestyle interventions for stable patients treated in outpatient cardiology is lacking. The present study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a 3-session behavioral health lifestyle program for patients with stable CAD being treated in an outpatient cardiology clinic. Thirty-three patients were randomized …
The Effect Of Reliability Information And Risk On Appropriate Reliance In An Autonomous Robot Teammate, Andrew Talone
The Effect Of Reliability Information And Risk On Appropriate Reliance In An Autonomous Robot Teammate, Andrew Talone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research examined how information regarding a robot teammate's reliability and the consequences for mistakes made by a robot in its task influence reliance on the robot by a human teammate. Of interest in this research was the notion of appropriate reliance: relying on a robot teammate's decisions when it is performing well and not relying on its decisions when it is performing poorly. An experiment was conducted in which participants interacted with an autonomous robot teammate while performing a cordon and search operation within a virtual reality simulation environment. Participants were responsible for monitoring the perimeter of a search …
Lifetime History Of Concussions And Behavioral Measures Of Anhedonia, John O'Donnell
Lifetime History Of Concussions And Behavioral Measures Of Anhedonia, John O'Donnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Concussions are the most common neuropsychological problem in the United States and are associated with sequelae such as cognitive complaints and depression-related symptoms. Recent research suggests that head trauma is associated with anhedonia and that concussions have the potential to damage axons and postsynaptic connections in neural circuits that play a role in reward processing. Anhedonia may be better understood as an overarching construct with multiple subtypes including motivational, decisional, and consummatory. The current study examines the relationship between lifetime concussion history and subtypes of anhedonia using behavioral measures of reward processing: the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), Probabilistic …
Cognitive And Vascular Risk Factors For Depression: Testing An Integrated Theoretical Framework, Rosanna Scott
Cognitive And Vascular Risk Factors For Depression: Testing An Integrated Theoretical Framework, Rosanna Scott
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: Theoretical models that have guided the study of later-life depression include the vascular depression hypothesis, depression-executive dysfunction syndrome, and the CaR-FA-X model. Evidence suggests these can be integrated into a single developmental model of disordered mood (and its associated overgeneral memory feature) in later-life to delineate a mechanism of the vascular depression effect and identify modifiable intervention targets. Methods: In older adults, four serial mediation models evaluated the relationships between (1) vascular burden and depressive symptoms via executive control and rumination, and (2) vascular burden and autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) via executive control and rumination. In younger adults, four …