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Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
Induction And Transferral Of Flow In The Game Tetris, Kevin John O'Neill
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We looked at the facilitation and transfer of a flow state in a cognitive context. Subjects played a manipulated version of the game Tetris, and we gathered data on their gameplay performance on pre- and post-tasks, as well as a set of questionnaires which measure flow and perceived task effort. The altered version of Tetris includes an artificial intelligence agent that continually assesses the participant’s skill and adapts the challenge level of the game to match the participant’s skill. An adaptive condition characterized by challenge-skill balance was hypothesized to induce flow, reduce perception of effort, and improve performance. We found …
Trust Discounting In The Multi-Arm Trust Game, Michael Collins
Trust Discounting In The Multi-Arm Trust Game, Michael Collins
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Social interactions are complex and constantly changing decision making environments. Prior research (Mayer, Davis, & Schoorman, 1995) has found that people use their trust in others as a criterion for decision making during social interactions. Trust is not only relevant for human-human interaction, but has also been found to be important for human-machine interaction as well, which is becoming a growing feature in many work domains (De Visser et al., 2016). Prior research on trust has attempted to identify the behavioral characteristics an individual (trustor) uses to assess the trustworthiness of another (trustee) to determine the trustor's level of trust. …
The Effect Of Emotional Competencies On Team Functioning, Morgan R. Borders
The Effect Of Emotional Competencies On Team Functioning, Morgan R. Borders
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Collaboration, cohesion, and trust within teams can lead to beneficial outcomes such as innovation, speed of innovation delivery, enhanced creativity, and improved performance. Because of the prevalence of teams in the workforce, it is important that teams function at their highest capacity. One way to enhance team functioning may be to improve emotional intelligence (EI) in team members. Research has shown that higher EI is related to individual benefits such as stress resilience, better communication, relationship satisfaction, and improved performance. Team benefits of higher EI include greater cohesion, cooperation, trust, and performance. This study examined whether an emotional competency training …
Learned Helplessness In Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Relationships With Locus Of Control, Self-Efficacy, And Feedback-Seeking Behavior, Nicholas Kovacs
Learned Helplessness In Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Relationships With Locus Of Control, Self-Efficacy, And Feedback-Seeking Behavior, Nicholas Kovacs
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Researchers have suggested that self-efficacy and feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) are effective in enhancing performance. To improve performance in the workplace, research should focus on how psychologists can enhance these constructs in employees. Though locus of control (LOC) relates to self-efficacy and increased FSB, research has revealed issues in LOC (e.g., failure to predict performance, range restriction, failure to predict behaviors). The current study examined the effects of perceived “lack of control”, learned helplessness, over LOC on both self-efficacy and FSB in two different samples: a student sample (N = 321) and a work sample (N = 794). Learned helplessness accounted …
An Exploratory Study Of The Impact Of Stigma And Acculturation On The Perception Of Mental Illness In The Black Community, Louis Appiah-Kubi
An Exploratory Study Of The Impact Of Stigma And Acculturation On The Perception Of Mental Illness In The Black Community, Louis Appiah-Kubi
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Mental health stigma serves as a chronic barrier to help-seeking and in some cases exacerbates mental health conditions (SAMHSA, 2013). Researchers and clinicians have tried many different methods to reduce these negative attitudes. A popular and usually successful method is education on what mental illness is, its causes, prognosis, and the availability and effectiveness of treatment. Large scale educational efforts have not been adequate in addressing these issues. Therefore, studies are being tailored to find stereotypes within specific communities so as to come up with matching educational protocols (Corrigan & Penn, 2015). The current study explored attitudes among African Americans …
A Needs Assessment Of Providers For The Integration Of Behavioral Health Services At A Safety-Net Clinic, Anna Kathryn Hayburn
A Needs Assessment Of Providers For The Integration Of Behavioral Health Services At A Safety-Net Clinic, Anna Kathryn Hayburn
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The availability of behavioral health services within primary care meets the high patient need for mental health care within a familiar setting, which is especially impactful in safety-net settings where patients face higher levels of stress and psychosocial barriers that impact health outcomes (Kamimura et al., 2014). Behavioral health consultants (BHCs) may encounter challenges to successful integration of services, but adapting to the unique clinic environment, assessing needs, and facilitating effect collaboration with providers can lead to greater success (Hunter, Goodie, Oordt, & Dobmeyer, 2017). A needs assessment was conducted with volunteer providers at the safety-net clinic Reach Out of …
Gauging Human Performance With An Automated Aid In Low Prevalence Conditions, Cara M. Zinn
Gauging Human Performance With An Automated Aid In Low Prevalence Conditions, Cara M. Zinn
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When receiving assistance from an automated aid, human operators do not necessarily perform better than without the automated aid. The current work explored the impact of integrating the automated aid with the task information in low prevalence conditions. Specifically, this work compares displays where the automated aid was integrated with task information in general or with more meaningful task information. Subjects performed a speeded judgment task with the assistance of an automated aid, varying in display type, difficulty, and prevalence. Results indicated that there was no effect of display type or prevalence on human temporal performance, and that the effect …
The Development Of A Lexicon For The Communication Of Action In Cooperative Work, Claire Supriya Shah
The Development Of A Lexicon For The Communication Of Action In Cooperative Work, Claire Supriya Shah
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This research expands upon the research conducted by Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs (1986) on how individuals collaborate and reach common ground in the domain of objects into the domain of action. Pairs of participants (N = 22) were asked to complete a set of six maneuvers with a remote-control car. Dialogue was transcribed and analyzed for total word count, verb phrase count, number of turns taken, number of errors committed, and selected other linguistic characteristics. Total word count, verb phrase count, number of turns taken, and number of errors committed all significantly decreased over time, either linearly or logarithmically. This research …
Antecedents Of Voice: The Moderating Role Of Proactive Personality, Alice Pyclik
Antecedents Of Voice: The Moderating Role Of Proactive Personality, Alice Pyclik
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When employees are dissatisfied, they can choose a destructive solution such as quitting, or they can use voice to effect organizational change. A sample of 277 full-time employees in the United States responded to an online survey of voice, ethical leadership, core self-evaluation, proactive personality, affective commitment, and several control variables. Results from simple, multiple, and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that ethical leadership, core self-evaluation, and proactive personality have positive relationships with voice. In addition, ethical leadership facilitates voice through the path of affective commitment. Proactive personality compensates for low levels of affective commitment. Thus, managers can increase voice among …
Who Is Better And Who Is Best? What Differentiates Stars From The Rest, Montana R. Woolley
Who Is Better And Who Is Best? What Differentiates Stars From The Rest, Montana R. Woolley
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Star employees have significant influences on the successes or failures of organizations. Current research on stars has not addressed who a star is or how stars are different from other good employees. In this study I tested the efficacy of a proposed definition of star employees and verified the accuracy of other previously established characteristics and behaviors associated with stars. In addition, I qualitatively explored managers’ perceptions of star employees. The study consisted of two separate samples: managers identified on MTurk (n = 40) and high-level executives from various industries (n = 46). Participants provided a series of open responses …
Impact Of Spatial Variability And Masker Fringe On The Detectability Of A Brief Signal, Michelle H. Wang
Impact Of Spatial Variability And Masker Fringe On The Detectability Of A Brief Signal, Michelle H. Wang
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The effect of masker spatial variability and masker fringe on the perception of a brief tone in noise was investigated in a detection task. Simpson (2011) found large effects of spatial variability (randomizing masker locations from trial to trial) in a masked localization experiment, as well as two effects of masker fringe (masking noise before the onset of the target): 1) cuing the masker location (spatial cuing effect) and 2) temporally separating the onset of the masker and the onset of the target (onset effect). In contrast, in detection studies, the effects of masker spatial variability are small (e.g., Bernstein …
Using Eeg To Examine The Top Down Effects On Visual Object Processing, Joseph D. Borders
Using Eeg To Examine The Top Down Effects On Visual Object Processing, Joseph D. Borders
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Object recognition entails a complex interplay between top-down and bottom-up signals. Yet, limited research has investigated the mechanisms through which top-down processes, such as task context and behavioral goals impact the neural basis of visual object processing. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we studied the temporal dynamics of task and object processing to identify how early the impact of task can be observed. We recorded ERPs from participants as they viewed object images from four categories spanning animacy (Inanimate: roller-skate, motorbike; Animate: cow, butterfly) and size (Large: motorbike, cow; Small: roller-skate, butterfly) dimensions under four task conditions comprising conceptual (naturalness, size) and …
Creating A Well-Situated Human-Autonomy Team: The Effects Of Team Structure, Elizabeth Marie Frost
Creating A Well-Situated Human-Autonomy Team: The Effects Of Team Structure, Elizabeth Marie Frost
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Intelligent agent technologies are increasing the potential capacity for systems to behave more autonomously and are enabling more advanced human-autonomy teaming. For instance, future applications of human-autonomy teaming for the command and control of unmanned vehicles are now under consideration. This would involve a shift from a supervisory control approach to a teaming structure. These two approaches, instantiated as the task division and relationship between a human operator and a teammate, were empirically examined. The team’s composition, either human-human or human-autonomy, was also considered. A control station that supports single operator management of multiple simulated unmanned vehicles performing a base …
Gender, Adverse Family-Of-Origin Experiences, And Current, Nichole M. Kuck
Gender, Adverse Family-Of-Origin Experiences, And Current, Nichole M. Kuck
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Prior research has determined that there is a trend within the military that military women experience more relationship disruption than military men and no conclusive findings as to why this may occur. There has been preliminary research indicating that military women experience more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)s than military men. Civilian research has shown definitive findings that there are long-term physical, emotional, and relational consequences of ACEs. This purpose of this study was to determine if an adverse family-of-origin environment characterized by traumatic events and a conflictual and less cohesive family-of-origin environment impacted current relationship functioning as a possible explanation …
Beyond Shame: A Therapeutic Mobile Application For The Development Of Shame Resilience, Eleanor D. Tripp
Beyond Shame: A Therapeutic Mobile Application For The Development Of Shame Resilience, Eleanor D. Tripp
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Shame is an intensely painful emotion that underlies many forms of psychopathology and maladaptive behavior. As a result, researchers have sought to gain a more thorough understanding of this self-conscious emotion and how it impacts functioning. Several evidence-based treatment modalities have been identified as helpful in the treatment of shame and in the development of shame resilience. However, there continues to be a need for this information to be more readily accessible. The current project involved developing the content and design for Beyond Shame, a mobile application (app) aimed at helping English-speaking adults to develop shame resilience. The mobile app …
Sexual Minority Women And Lifetime Risk Of Alcohol Use Disorder, Jennifer Smith
Sexual Minority Women And Lifetime Risk Of Alcohol Use Disorder, Jennifer Smith
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Sexual minority women demonstrate higher rates of Alcohol Use Disorder, or AUD, compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Factors that potentially impact how likely a sexual minority woman is to develop an AUD during her lifetime has received limited attention in existing research. These include sexual minority stress, stress and cognitive appraisal, and hardiness theories. While many factors are suggested, and some supported, no consistent risk or protective factors have emerged. This study sought to change that by testing whether proposed risk and protective factors for stress, both in general and unique to sexual minority individuals, impacted the likelihood of the …
A Comparative Study Of The Naart And Wrat4 Word Reading Subtest To Estimate Reading Level, Elizabeth B. Campbell
A Comparative Study Of The Naart And Wrat4 Word Reading Subtest To Estimate Reading Level, Elizabeth B. Campbell
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Clients are often asked to fill out paperwork in medical settings, but varying reading levels can affect the ability to self-report. By screening for literacy level, clinicians can prevent potential patient confusion, frustration, and embarrassment. Clinicians can also avoid problems leading to misdiagnosis and providing materials that patients will not be able to understand or follow. The Wide Range Achievement Test – Fourth Edition (WRAT4) Word Reading subtest provides an estimation of literacy level as well as an estimation of premorbid ability. The North American Adult Reading Test (NAART) only provides an estimation of premorbid abilities, but it is quick …
Stop What You’Re Doing, Right Now! Effects Of Interactive Messages On Careless Responding, Anthony Gibson
Stop What You’Re Doing, Right Now! Effects Of Interactive Messages On Careless Responding, Anthony Gibson
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Careless responding (CR) can negatively affect the quality of self-report data and thus the resulting conclusions researchers draw from the data. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether interactive warnings, which alert careless respondents in real time, reduce CR more than traditional, non-interactive warnings. I used a 4 x 4 mixed factorial design to examine these relationships. The between group factor was the type of warning used, which consisted of four levels (i.e., a control, no warning group, a traditional, non-interactive warning, an interactive threatening warning message, and an interactive encouraging message), and the within person factor …
Attitudes On Legal Insanity And The Impact Of Race, Jerie J. Bolin
Attitudes On Legal Insanity And The Impact Of Race, Jerie J. Bolin
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Jurors, representatives of the communities from which they are selected, are tasked with the responsibility of reaching a verdict in an impartial, unbiased manner. Previous research has found that bias and negative attitudes impact juror decision-making, despite practices that are in place to dismiss potentially biased jurors, such as voir dire. Studies have found a correlation between racial biases and juror verdicts. Additionally, a correlation has also been found between insanity defense attitudes and a juror’s propensity to favor (or not favor) a Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) acquittal. However, there has been limited examination of the impact …
Misdiagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder: Does Setting Bias And Gender Bias Influence Diagnostic Decision-Making?, Gillian Christina Larue
Misdiagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder: Does Setting Bias And Gender Bias Influence Diagnostic Decision-Making?, Gillian Christina Larue
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Inaccurate diagnoses due to clinician bias may lead to the facilitation of inappropriate mental health treatment and poor prognosis for treating clients presenting concern, as the cause of the disordered behaviors that led to their incarceration are not being addressed. The current study sought to determine whether clinician gender bias and clinician setting bias affects the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder amongst clients in correctional settings. Determining whether bias affects diagnosis of these disorders amongst clients in correctional settings is important in order to assure clients are receiving appropriate mental health treatment. Incarcerated individuals who receive …
A Situational Judgment Test Of Self-Control And Its Relationship To Academic Performance: Development Of A New Measure, Michael Brady
A Situational Judgment Test Of Self-Control And Its Relationship To Academic Performance: Development Of A New Measure, Michael Brady
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Personality has been extensively researched but the literature has not lived up to its potential for application. Personality variables such as self-control can identify qualified applicants, while minimizing adverse impact. I designed two SJT measure of self-control. The first SJT was hypothesized to predict college grade point average. The second SJT was hypothesized to predict counterproductive work behavior. I administered the first SJT to 676 undergraduates. I administered the second SJT to 608 employed people. Most hypotheses were fully supported. Both SJTs had incremental validity over and above self-report personality measures. The results demonstrate the potential of SJTs to measure …
Prevalence Visual Search: Optimal Performance And The Description-Experience Gap, Hanshu Zhang
Prevalence Visual Search: Optimal Performance And The Description-Experience Gap, Hanshu Zhang
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Real-world visual search differs significantly from the laboratory task. One distinct feature is that most targets in real-world visual search are low prevalence. Considering the important practical connections between the laboratory study and applied research, there has been a resurgence in exploring prevalence effects on visual search performance, especially the effect that targets are more likely to be missed when they have low prevalence. Though there is a consensus that target misses are due to a liberal criterion, previous studies failed to consider the potentiality of optimal performance from the perspective of Signal Detection Theory, which also predicts a the …
Spatialized Auditory And Vibrotactile Cueing For Dynamic Three-Dimensional Visual Search, Rachel J. Cunio
Spatialized Auditory And Vibrotactile Cueing For Dynamic Three-Dimensional Visual Search, Rachel J. Cunio
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The traditional method of maintaining spatial awareness through visual displays can cause visual system overload and lead to performance decrements. This study examined the benefits of spatialized auditory, tactile, and audio-tactile cues for maintaining awareness as a method of enhancing visual search performance. I examined visual search performance in an immersive, dynamic, three-dimensional (360-degree), virtual reality environment with no cues, spatialized auditory cues, degraded spatialized auditory cues, spatialized tactile cues, spatialized audio-tactile cues, and degraded spatialized auditory with tactile cues. Results indicated a significant reduction in visual search time from the no-cue condition when any cues were presented. The tactile …
Identifying Diversity Of Thought On Social Media, Beth Bullemer
Identifying Diversity Of Thought On Social Media, Beth Bullemer
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This dissertation considers what it means to think differently, using naturalistic verbal evidence. This problem is inspired by a gap within the Wisdom of the Crowd (WoC) literature, but relevant to the study of language processes, mental models, and the vast emerging resource of social media data. I propose a methodological framework to characterize diversity of thought through the quantification of social media data. Four stages of research considered: a) the properties of a sample domain, b) how to identify and select diagnostic content using classification methods, c) how to quantify qualitative content in order to categorize and compare individuals, …
Neurobehavioral Effects Of Multi-Tasking, Elizabeth Lynn Fox
Neurobehavioral Effects Of Multi-Tasking, Elizabeth Lynn Fox
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The progression of technology and adaptive automation has shown tremendous promise in reducing both physical and mental task demands, while allowing the maintenance or improvement of overall performance. Consequently, a user is able to maintain task performance with relatively more ease and reallocate spare time and energy to additional tasks. Quantifying the resources that one has left is an ongoing, relatively open, research objective for human factors psychologists. Here, we created a standardized, individual-level metric to serve as an estimate of multi-tasking efficiency. We go beyond just rank-order, or categorical labels of suffering from, benefiting from, or adequately maintaining performance …
Semantic And Structural Influences On Spatial Knowledge Acquisition, Robert B. May
Semantic And Structural Influences On Spatial Knowledge Acquisition, Robert B. May
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Spatial memory for the layout of large-scale environments, configural spatial memory, has typically been construed as being very structured, using something like a metric coordinate system and using environmental objects to define that coordinate system. Inside of buildings, rectangular rooms have walls at right angles that have been considered to fulfill this role. However, the influence of non-spatial factors and considerations of relatively unstructured environments have not received much attention. Semantic organization was found to improve configural spatial memory for landmark objects in rooms with walls and it was independent of the structural relations among landmark objects (Colle & Reid, …
Exploring The Social Construction Of Masculinity And Its Differential Expression In Culturally Different Populations Using A Mixed Method Approach, Bryan Davis
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Previous research on gender conflict and strain quantitatively measured traditional masculinity ideology from western societal norms. The current study added to the previous research and qualitatively studied masculinity performance in men from different cultures: Black, Asian, Latino. Results from this study added to masculinity research due to the mixed method approach of both quantitative and qualitative research in males from diverse groups. Information gained from this study enabled masculinity to be operationally defined by different cultural focus groups and compared in order to explore distinct masculinity expression. Information was gained by measuring traditional masculinity ideology quantitatively on the Male Role …
Exploring The Influence Of Meditation Experience On Stress Responses And Empathy: The Mediating Role Of Self-Expansion, Jennifer N. Baumgartner
Exploring The Influence Of Meditation Experience On Stress Responses And Empathy: The Mediating Role Of Self-Expansion, Jennifer N. Baumgartner
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The purpose of the present research was to examine the influence of meditation experience on biopsychosocial responses to stress, empathy, and sense of self. An expanded sense of self was examined as a pathway through which meditation experience influences appraisals, affect, and empathy. It was expected that meditation experience would predict greater challenge stressor appraisals in response to an acute psychosocial stressor and associated affective, behavioral, and psychophysiological stress outcomes. In addition, it was expected that greater meditation experience would predict higher trait empathy and empathic accuracy. Participants (N = 110) included experienced meditators from a variety of practices and …
A Study Of Dementia Assessment Practices In Ohio Prisons, Elizabeth Kate Turner
A Study Of Dementia Assessment Practices In Ohio Prisons, Elizabeth Kate Turner
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Dementia is a chronic disorder of the mental processes generated by brain injury or disease, and is characterized by gradual, irreversible loss of memory, judgment, functional abilities, health, and identity. While dementia can occur in individuals that would not be considered "aging" it primarily occurs in people over 60 (Christodoulou, 2012). Dementia recognition and assessment in prison is currently an overlooked issue in the United States. There are few examples of research regarding best practices for addressing dementia in corrections, including the standard protocols, policies, and procedures for screening and managing the needs of inmates with dementia. This qualitative study …
The Biobehavioral Model Of Persuasion: The Role Of Cognitive Processing In Challenge And Threat Message Framing, August Capiola
The Biobehavioral Model Of Persuasion: The Role Of Cognitive Processing In Challenge And Threat Message Framing, August Capiola
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Persuasive messages are meant to influence people towards endorsing attitudes, intentions, and behaviors suggested in the message. However, describing the kinds of messages that are persuasive is not as helpful as understanding why certain messages are persuasive, yet others are not. The biobehavioral model of persuasion suggests that challenge-framed messages (messages that evoke low/moderate concern and high efficacy) are persuasive because they facilitate greater message elaboration leading to outcomes aligned with message suggestions. The following paragraphs outline the BMP and describe two experiments that tested the postulate that challenge-framed messages evoke greater message elaboration. In the first experiment (N = …