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Does Reflection Mitigate Negative Emotions Following Work Performance Feedback?, Rebecca J. Factor
Does Reflection Mitigate Negative Emotions Following Work Performance Feedback?, Rebecca J. Factor
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study examined if reflection could mitigate negative emotion following negative work performance feedback. Initial research has found that reflection is beneficial for learning, but it has seldom been tested if reflection can mitigate negative emotion associated with negative feedback. Participants were tasked with completing open-ended questions based on a workplace training manual, and then received negative work performance feedback. Feedback was presented in either absolute terms, or relative to others’ performance. Afterwards, in one condition, participants completed a reflection activity, while in another condition, participants simply completed a time filler task. Participants’ emotions were then measured. Results indicated that …
A Simulated Walk In Nature: Testing Predictions From The Attention Restoration Theory, Corey Crossan
A Simulated Walk In Nature: Testing Predictions From The Attention Restoration Theory, Corey Crossan
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Attention Restoration Theory (ART) predicts that top-down processing during everyday activities can cause attentional fatigue and that bottom-up processing that occurs when people experience nature will be restorative (Kaplan, 1995). The present study examined this prediction by exposing participants to three different conditions using a repeated measures design: a control condition during which participants walked on a typical treadmill, a nature/restorative condition during which participants walked on the same treadmill, experiencing a simulated nature walk, and a perturbation condition that included the same simulated nature scene but also required top-down processing during the walk. The findings supported ART predictions. As …
The Neural Mechanisms Underlying The Perception And Production Of Learned Vocalizations In Songbirds, Shannon Katie Mischler
The Neural Mechanisms Underlying The Perception And Production Of Learned Vocalizations In Songbirds, Shannon Katie Mischler
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Songbirds produce a wide array of vocalizations, including song, and learned and innate calls. Songs and calls can be functionally defined. Songs are typically used to attract potential mates and defend one’s territory, whereas calls are used for everything else, such as advertising the presence of a predator, or location of a food source, and maintaining contact with members of one’s flock. The purpose of this thesis was to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying call production and perception in two songbird species; the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). My objectives …
Examining The Differences In Beat Perception And Production Between Musicians And Dancers, Tram Nguyen
Examining The Differences In Beat Perception And Production Between Musicians And Dancers, Tram Nguyen
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The ability to perceive and produce a beat is believed to be universal in humans, but there are factors that may give rise to individual differences. The research presented in this dissertation examined four factors that may influence beat processing and sensorimotor synchronization performance: 1) expertise: in music and dance, 2) training style: percussive and nonpercussive, 3) stimulus modality: auditory and visual, and 4) movement type: effector-specific or whole-body. Chapter 2 examined how percussive and nonpercussive music and dance training influence beat perception and production performance using an auditory beat perception task and a finger tapping …
The Effect Of The Dopamine Agonist Pramipexole On Measures Of Impulsivity In Young, Healthy Participants, Daniel Glizer
The Effect Of The Dopamine Agonist Pramipexole On Measures Of Impulsivity In Young, Healthy Participants, Daniel Glizer
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Patients with Parkinson disease are prescribed dopamine agonists such as pramipexole to improve motor symptoms. Several studies have found that patients taking dopaminergic medication develop impulse control disorders. In contrast, other studies suggest that some behaviors become less impulsive with pramipexole. We evaluated the performance of 20 young, healthy participants who received pramipexole (0.5 mg) and 20 participants who received placebo, on the Go/No-Go, the Stop Signal Task, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. We found that the pramipexole group had more timed out Go trials on the Go/No-Go task than the placebo group, suggesting reduced motor impulsivity. There were …
Women’S Experience Of Incivility In Professional Occupations: The Roles Of Gender Representation And Occupational Commitment, Christina Politis
Women’S Experience Of Incivility In Professional Occupations: The Roles Of Gender Representation And Occupational Commitment, Christina Politis
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The aim of the current study was to examine the role of gender representation and occupational commitment in shaping women’s experiences of workplace incivility, which was compared to men. Participants included 550 professional employees (45% female) who provided demographic information about their work units and completed a series of questionnaires including ones measuring workplace incivility, affective occupational commitment (AOC) and burnout. The analyses revealed that gender representation in the work unit predicted perceived overt incivility but not covert incivility or overall incivility for the females in the sample, but not for males. The predicted indirect effect of gender representation on …
Understanding Workplace Incivility Experiences And The Moderating Role Of Mindfulness, Rima C. Tarraf
Understanding Workplace Incivility Experiences And The Moderating Role Of Mindfulness, Rima C. Tarraf
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Rude treatment at work can lead to many negative consequences, as evidenced by the wealth of research available. This dissertation, addressed two important questions that have yet to receive adequate attention. First, how does an employee experience incivility, and second, what is a practical and cost-effective way of mitigating the negative outcomes associated with incivility and promoting positive ones? Incivility research has mainly employed quantitative methods to understand incivility experiences. Using qualitative methods however, would complement the knowledge and potentially move the field of inquiry in new directions. As such, the goal of Study One was to obtain a narrative …
Development Of New Methods To Investigate The Role Of The Avian Hippocampus In Memory Formation In Brown-Headed Cowbirds, Madeleine Ir Brodbeck
Development Of New Methods To Investigate The Role Of The Avian Hippocampus In Memory Formation In Brown-Headed Cowbirds, Madeleine Ir Brodbeck
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The hippocampus is known to participate in a variety of cognitive functions in humans, non-human primates, rodents, and birds. A great deal of previous research on the avian hippocampus has examined its role in spatial memory. A question regarding avian hippocampal function that remains unanswered is, what is its role in encoding, retention, and retrieval of spatial information? To answer this question I, 1) describe spatial and non-spatial versions of a touchscreen task and my attempts to determine if the spatial version of the task is hippocampus dependent, and 2) describe the development of an implantable cryoloop which can be …
The Influence Of Beliefs And Gender On Choosing, And Feeling Like You Belong In Engineering, Julia Mcmenamin
The Influence Of Beliefs And Gender On Choosing, And Feeling Like You Belong In Engineering, Julia Mcmenamin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
After decades of research and interventions, the gender gap in STEM fields has narrowed, and even closed in some sub-fields, such as the life sciences. This trend toward gender parity has plateaued, however, in engineering. Efforts to encourage young women to study engineering often portray the field as affording opportunities for collaboration and helping others. The success of such efforts rests, arguably, on the accuracy of the assumption that women value these qualities in a career. It also depends on the degree to which women’s perceptions of the field of engineering reflect this portrayal. For the present study, measures of …
The Effects Of Corticosterone And Social Isolation On Song Stereotypy And Neural Plasticity In Zebra Finches, Pavlina Faltynek
The Effects Of Corticosterone And Social Isolation On Song Stereotypy And Neural Plasticity In Zebra Finches, Pavlina Faltynek
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Birdsong is important to male songbirds’ reproductive success. For male birds it is important to consistently reproduce their song with high stereotypy, and the effects of stress on song consistency are little studied. My current study examined the effects of social isolation and corticosterone administration on song production and migrating and apoptotic neurons in the song-control brain region HVC of zebra finches. All males significantly decreased in song stereotypy over time, independent of treatment or housing. Males who were housed in isolation had a significant decrease in their latency to sing, as well as a decrease in arborization in migratory …
Abstract And Concrete Concepts According To Word Association, Daniel Nedjadrasul
Abstract And Concrete Concepts According To Word Association, Daniel Nedjadrasul
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In psychology, the abstract/concrete distinction refers to a distinction among concepts, which is typically characterized as follows. Concrete concepts are those whose referents can be experienced through sensation/perception, such as dog or pond, whereas abstract concepts are those whose referents lack this attribute, such as truth (Wiemer-Hastings & Xu, 2005; Connell & Lynott, 2012; Brysbaert, Warriner, & Kuperman, 2014). This thesis describes and, using word association, tests several theories of conceptual representation motivated by the abstract/concrete distinction (or, where not motivated by it, with potential implications related to it). These include Dual Coding Theory (Paivio, 1986, 2007), Perceptual Symbol …
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Of Motor Fibre Path Integrity And Overt Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness, Clara A. Stafford
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Of Motor Fibre Path Integrity And Overt Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness, Clara A. Stafford
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study investigated the relationship between motor thalamo-cortico-cerebellar fibre path integrity and overt responsiveness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Additionally, we investigated the potential of imaging these motor tracts at ultra-high fields. Study I and II aimed to map the white matter connections of motor execution fibres in DOC patients. Our results showed significant reductions in motor fibre path integrity across DOC diagnostic categories. Study III and IV aimed to develop a 7T MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequence. We optimized this sequence to image motor fibre paths in DOC patients. We concluded that, in healthy controls, probabilistic …
Predictors Of Cognitive Reactivity In Depression, Lindsay K. Szota
Predictors Of Cognitive Reactivity In Depression, Lindsay K. Szota
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cognitive theories of depression posit that, when activated by an external stressor, negative self-schemas negatively bias information processing. The congruency hypothesis suggests that higher overlap between schema and stressor content results in greater degrees of schema activation. To evaluate these theoretical premises, the current study evaluated whether: 1) cognitive organization is predictive of negative information processing biases following a negative mood prime; and, 2) content domain of cognitive organization interacts with content of mood prime to predict information processing biases. Undergraduate students (N = 157) completed a measure of cognitive organization, underwent a negative mood prime, and completed a …
An Investigation Of Propranolol As An Agent For The Experimental Manipulation Of Interoception., Jane Evguenia Kouptsova
An Investigation Of Propranolol As An Agent For The Experimental Manipulation Of Interoception., Jane Evguenia Kouptsova
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Interoception has recently come under research focus as a potential influence on emotional and epistemic feelings. However, existing means to manipulate it experimentally have conceptual or logistical drawbacks. We investigated whether 20 mg of propranolol is a viable agent for experimentally manipulating interoception. Thirteen participants completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, performing two heartbeat perception tasks, control tasks and measures of anxiety and alertness. All measures were obtained at the beginning and end of both sessions. Propranolol significantly decreased heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Heartbeat detection performance numerically decreased under propranolol, although this effect failed to reach statistical significance. …
What Are The Cognitive Mechanisms That Underlie Our Theory Of Mind? Potential Insights From Information Theory, Nellie Kamkar
What Are The Cognitive Mechanisms That Underlie Our Theory Of Mind? Potential Insights From Information Theory, Nellie Kamkar
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to infer mental states. The purpose of Study 1 was to reduce performance demands on a ToM test for forty (22 females) children (M age = 4.604; SD age = 1.128). Here, a low-uncertainty condition included a behaviour repetition manipulation, intended to increase success rate—but results did not confirm our hypothesis. Potential reasons for the results of Study 1 are discussed and tested in Study 2. The purpose of Study 2 was to determine the mechanism by which ToM operates in fifty-seven (26 females) adult participants (M age = 20.632; SD age = …
Social Media And Cognition, Ana C. Ruiz Pardo
Social Media And Cognition, Ana C. Ruiz Pardo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Social media is an inescapable platform for sharing media and connecting with others. This thesis investigated how social media impacts cognition; specifically, attention. Study 1 investigated typical social media usage patterns and helped gauge which SM platform was most popular. Study 1 revealed three main platforms people used most often: Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Facebook was reported as the most popular social media platform. Study 2 investigated how a social media post impacts cognition. It was hypothesized that participants who posted, with the intention of provoking a reaction from their followers, on their social media prior to performing a cognitive …
Popular Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories - Developing A Database Of Songs And Studying The Role Of Cue Emotionality And Relevance On Recalled Memories, Krysten Zator
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In Study 1, undergraduate students rated popular music songs on several factors. A database of knowledge was created for popular music autobiographical memory (AM) cueing research. Study 2 examined the role of emotional experience and relevance associated with a popular music AM cue on recalled AMs. In Phase 1, undergraduate participants described AMs to short music clips or a blank computer screen (control). In Phase 2, participants answered questions about these AMs. In Phase 3, participants rated musical clips (including Phase 1 stimuli). Unexpectedly, music-cued memories were less salient and did not differ emotionally from control-cued, but contained more perceptual …
The Effects Of Alcohol On Visual Attention, Amber M. Robinson
The Effects Of Alcohol On Visual Attention, Amber M. Robinson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Alcohol has been shown to have a variety of effects on cognitive performance in humans; the present study tested the effects of alcohol on visual selective attention using three different paradigms. The effects of alcohol intoxication over a broad range of blood alcohol concentrations (average between 0.01 and 0.08) were evaluated for change blindness, inattentional blindness, and multiple object tracking. Alcohol was found to impair inattentional blindness performance, negatively affecting participants’ ability to notice the unexpected changes presented. This result is interpreted as support for the alcohol myopia theory. No significant effects of alcohol were found for change blindness or …
Attentional Preference After A Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention, Joshua John Hatherley
Attentional Preference After A Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention, Joshua John Hatherley
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
It has been suggested that as a cognitive exercise, mindfulness meditation has the ability to significantly affect attention in its practitioners. This may help explain why mindfulness meditation has found success in clinical practices. This thesis sought to extend this line of research by investigating the influence of mindfulness meditation on attentional preference. In the context of this paper, attentional preference was seen to be the ability of the viewer to be biased to either detecting local components or the global whole. Study 1 investigated how a 10- minute breathing-oriented mindfulness intervention affects attentional preference on the Navon, Flanker and …
Individual Differences In The Allocation Of Visual Attention During Navigation, Mikayla Keller
Individual Differences In The Allocation Of Visual Attention During Navigation, Mikayla Keller
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
There are large individual differences in the ability to create an accurate mental representation (i.e., a cognitive map) of a novel environment, yet the factors underlying cognitive map accuracy remain unclear. Given the roles that landmarks and cognitive map accuracy play in successful navigation, the current study examined whether differences in the landmarks that individuals look at while navigating are related to differences in cognitive map accuracy. Participants completed a battery of spatial tests: some that assessed spatial skills prior to a navigation task, and others that tested memory for the environment following exploration of a virtual world. Results indicated …
Investigating The Influence Of Grammatical Aspect On Eye-Movements, Kelly A. Nisbet
Investigating The Influence Of Grammatical Aspect On Eye-Movements, Kelly A. Nisbet
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
People’s ability to understand language is influenced by numerous factors, one of which is grammatical aspect. The present study focused on whether hearing the imperfective aspect (“The man was slicing the vegetables”; ongoing action) versus the perfective aspect (“The man had sliced the vegetables”; completed action) affects the activation of the mental representation of an outcome (e.g., a sliced carrot) and of the instrument used for a specific action (e.g., a knife for slicing). We conducted a visual-world paradigm eye-tracking study to investigate moment-by-moment language understanding (Heuttig et al., 2011). Participants listened to sentences such as those above while viewing …
Development And Psychometric Validation Of The Interrai Internalizing And Externalizing Subscales, Chloe Lau
Development And Psychometric Validation Of The Interrai Internalizing And Externalizing Subscales, Chloe Lau
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the validity of two brief measures drawing from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health (ChYMH) for screening internalizing and externalizing mental health. Data were collected from children/youths 4 to 18 years of age (N=3464). First, items relevant to internalizing and externalizing disturbances underwent expert content validation. Second, unrestricted factor analyses and item response theory parameterizations were conducted to test the validity of the measurement model. Finally, concurrent validity of these two measures were confirmed based on relationships with other established subscales from criterion measures (e.g., Child Behaviour …
Perception And Construction Of Individuals At The Intersect Of Race And Immigration Status, Paolo Aldrin Palma
Perception And Construction Of Individuals At The Intersect Of Race And Immigration Status, Paolo Aldrin Palma
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Although perceptions of intersectional group identities (e.g., race and gender) have gained focus in recent years, an oft-ignored group in this line of work are immigrants. Across three studies, attitudes and stereotypes of different groups as a function of race and immigrant status, and how experiences of racism affect people’s attitudes towards immigrants, were examined. Study 1 found attitudes and stereotypes clustered around target race, not immigration status (n = 498) though people’s attitudes were most favourable for Canadians with no attached race label. Study 2 found that experiences of racism affected attitudes towards immigrants expressed by a representative …
Predictors Of Re-Accessing Mental Health Services For Children And Adolescents, Catalina Sarmiento
Predictors Of Re-Accessing Mental Health Services For Children And Adolescents, Catalina Sarmiento
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The natural history of mental health disorders suggests that a substantial number of children experience persistent or recurrent problems and may need more than 1 episode of care. However, there is a paucity of research on recurrent service use. The present study examined the rates and predictors of re-accessing community-based care. Secondary data analyses were conducted on administrative and chart review data from 5 mental health agencies in southwest, eastern, and central Ontario. Approximately a third (30%) of children who had an episode of care re-accessed services again within 4 years; the median time to re-access was 13 months. Social …
Mixture Modelling Of The Hexaco Personality Inventory, Carolina Patryluk
Mixture Modelling Of The Hexaco Personality Inventory, Carolina Patryluk
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Mixture models are used for identifying profiles or combinations of profiles and dimensions that explain observed variables. Given that these techniques can be misapplied (Lubke & Miller, 2014), much research is needed to understand their properties when applied to various data sets. The current study tests and compares the fit of mixture models to factor analytic models of personality trait facets based on the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (Ashton & Lee, 2009a). This study also examines the relative amounts of variance in the facet variables that can be explained by underlying dimensions, latent profiles, and other sources. Ashton and Lee (2009b) …
Do You “Like” Me?: Reassurance Seeking On Facebook And Depression, Callista Forchuk
Do You “Like” Me?: Reassurance Seeking On Facebook And Depression, Callista Forchuk
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The objective of this study was to expand interpersonal theories of depression by incorporating online social behaviour. This study assessed the influence of Facebook reassurance seeking on concurrent depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating role of attachment anxiety in this relation. A sample of 458 undergraduates (68% female; mean age 18.54) completed self-report computer-based questionnaires of offline reassurance seeking, Facebook reassurance seeking, attachment style, and depression. Contrary to hypotheses, Facebook reassurance seeking was not associated with depressive symptoms. However, there was an interaction whereby, for those higher in attachment anxiety, more Facebook reassurance seeking was associated with lessened depressive …
Parental Help-Seeking For Pediatric Insomnia: Where, When, And Why Do Parents Seek Help?, Adam T. Newton
Parental Help-Seeking For Pediatric Insomnia: Where, When, And Why Do Parents Seek Help?, Adam T. Newton
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Pediatric insomnia affects approximately 25% of children and can impact both child and parent functioning. Despite its prevalence and impact, next-to-nothing is known about help-seeking mechanism for pediatric insomnia. These mechanisms are expected to mirror models from the children’s mental health help-seeking literature. Both studies in this thesis gathered data from an online multinational project. Manuscript 1 investigated the informal, informational, and formal sources of help for pediatric insomnia and the factors that motivated parents to seek professional help. Parents utilized or expected to utilize a variety of informal (most commonly their partner, friends, or family members) and informational (most …
The Heart Of Ideology: Bringing Compassion Into The Political Sphere, Vanessa M. Sinclair
The Heart Of Ideology: Bringing Compassion Into The Political Sphere, Vanessa M. Sinclair
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Individual differences are pivotal in predicting sociopolitical views, which in turn guide behaviours like voting decisions, career choices, or engagement in activism. Compassion, a trait related to empathy and prosocial behaviour, has shown promise in predicting reduced hostile, anti-egalitarian attitudes. Certain kinds of political beliefs can be termed hierarchy-legitimizing in that they perpetuate or enhance existing societal hierarchies, such as economic inequality or racial discrimination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between compassion for others and hierarchy-legitimizing viewpoints, as mediated by the characteristic of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). A sample of 590 undergraduate students completed measures …
Mapping Alternative Masculinities: Development, Validation, And Latent Profile Analysis Of A New Masculinity Measure, Jessica K. Padgett
Mapping Alternative Masculinities: Development, Validation, And Latent Profile Analysis Of A New Masculinity Measure, Jessica K. Padgett
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Prominent measures of masculinity focus on traditional masculine norms, such as high aggression, low emotional expression, and heteronormativity. However, recent qualitative research has indicated that a variety of men embrace alternative forms of masculinity that include unique characteristics not represented by traditional norms. I developed the Alternative Masculinity Measure (ALT-M) to address this gap. The ALT-M was designed to measure individual differences on constructs derived from a modern, socially progressive representation of masculinity. Concepts, scales, and items were developed primarily from readings of qualitative research on alternative masculinities. Nine dimensions with 14 items each was sent to 15 experts for …
Initial Development Of The Reasons For Reckless And Destructive Behaviours Inventory: Expanding The Role Of Dissociation In Self-Destructive Behaviours, Matthew F D Brown
Initial Development Of The Reasons For Reckless And Destructive Behaviours Inventory: Expanding The Role Of Dissociation In Self-Destructive Behaviours, Matthew F D Brown
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Recent research has conceptualized self-destructive behaviours (SDB; e.g., self-injury) as being performed to serve specific functions; however, few measures exist that examine common functions across a range of SDB types. In addition, although dissociative experiences (e.g., depersonalization) are often endorsed by individuals who engage in SDB, measurement of these experiences as reasons for SDB are rarely assessed. In this thesis, we used a trauma-informed approach to evaluate motivations for SDB by initially developing the Reasons for Reckless and Destructive Behaviours Inventory (RRDI). Basic psychometric statistics of reliability, mean item-endorsement, convergent validity, and construct validity were performed across the scales of …