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Understanding Factors That Influence Black Caregivers' Ongoing Engagement In Behavioral Parent Training Programs, Jennifer L. Tomlin
Understanding Factors That Influence Black Caregivers' Ongoing Engagement In Behavioral Parent Training Programs, Jennifer L. Tomlin
Dissertations (1934 -)
Despite the efficacy of behavioral parent training programs (BPTs) in reducing young children’s challenging behaviors, ongoing caregiver engagement in these skill- based programs is poor, particularly in low-income Black populations. The existing literature relied heavily on associating client demographic variables with treatment attendance and focused almost exclusively on BPTs with older children. Contemporary conceptualizations of engagement view it as a multidimensional construct comprised of cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral components, and prior research has called for continued investigation into the caregiver-therapist alliance and cultural relevance of these treatment programs when looking at ways to increase Black caregiver engagement. The purpose of …
Exemplar Trans-Affirmative Therapists: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study, Shannon Skaistis
Exemplar Trans-Affirmative Therapists: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study, Shannon Skaistis
Dissertations (1934 -)
The consensus approach for psychotherapy with transgender and nonbinary clients (TNB) has come to be known as trans-affirmative psychotherapy (TAP). TAP is influenced by a collection of guidelines and models (American Counseling Association [ACA], 2010; APA, 2015; Chang et al., 2017; Singh & dickey, 2017) and a small number of empirical studies related to psychotherapy with transgender clients (e.g., Elder, 2016; McCullough et al., 2017, Mizock & Lundquist, 2016, Morris et al., 2020). However, the limited empirical research and guidelines provide minimal direction to clinicians working in-session with TNB clients. This study sought to investigate the perceptions of exemplar clinicians’ …
Internalizing Symptoms In Autistic Young Adults: Comparing The Cognitive And Physiological Components Of Emotion Regulation, Sarah Lehman
Internalizing Symptoms In Autistic Young Adults: Comparing The Cognitive And Physiological Components Of Emotion Regulation, Sarah Lehman
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Autistic people experience co-occurring mental illness at a substantially greater rate compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Of these comorbid psychopathologies, internalizing disorders (anxiety and depression) are among the most prevalent. Emotion dysregulation has been identified as a contributing factor to this phenomenon and potential treatment target. The current study employed cognitive (e.g., use of suppression and use of cognitive reappraisal) and physiological (e.g., respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and heart period) measures to more holistically capture the multifaceted construct of emotion regulation compared to prior research. In a sample of autistic young adults (N = 63) ages 17-29 (M = 20.14), …
More Than “Just A Friend”: Exploring The Therapeutic Needs Of Adult Survivors Of A Suicide Loss Of A Friend, Kat R. Mcconnell
More Than “Just A Friend”: Exploring The Therapeutic Needs Of Adult Survivors Of A Suicide Loss Of A Friend, Kat R. Mcconnell
Dissertations (1934 -)
Individuals who are bereaved by the suicide loss of a loved one (also known as “suicide survivors”) face high rates of complicated grief, mental illness, social isolation, experiences of stigma, and suicide attempts. While suicide loss therapy (or “postvention”) attracts many individuals grieving familial suicides, those impacted by the suicide loss of a close friend are underrepresented in both individual and group therapies, despite indications that friend suicide survivors are impacted at an equivalent level and frequency to family members. Using a constructivist grounded theory method, this study aimed to investigate the lived experiences and therapeutic needs of 8 adults …
Efficacy Of, And Preference For, A Modification To Differential Reinforcement Procedures, Carissa Basile
Efficacy Of, And Preference For, A Modification To Differential Reinforcement Procedures, Carissa Basile
Dissertations (1934 -)
Tic disorders, such as Tourette’s Syndrome, are chronic, childhood-onset neurological conditions that involve sudden, repetitive, and involuntary motor movements and/or vocalizations. Individuals with tics often experience a premonitory urge, which is an aversive sensation that occurs right before a tic that may functionally influence tics. Previous research has suggested reinforced tic suppression can effectively reduce tics. Although effective, it may be useful to better understand the behavioral contingencies that most effectively lead to suppression. The purpose of the current study was to compare standard reinforced tic suppression with reinforced tic suppression that included an option for participant-initiated breaks using an …
Police Harassment And Latinx Mental Health: The Moderating Role Of Family Support And Nativity, Veronica Lauren Heredia
Police Harassment And Latinx Mental Health: The Moderating Role Of Family Support And Nativity, Veronica Lauren Heredia
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Relative to their population size, communities of color experience disproportionate occurrences of harassment (Wilson et. al., 2020). Reports on police killings from 2013 to 2018 display that Black individuals constituted 27.5% of those killed, despite making up only 13% of the population (Siegel, 2020). The U.S. Latinx population is similarly impacted, given reports that they also experience police targeting (Edwards et. al., 2019; Gaston et. al., 2021; Harris et. al., 2020; Zimmerman et. al., 2021). Empirical evidence has shown a positive association between police harassment exposure and depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in Latinx populations (Chin et. al., 2020; Del …
Interpersonal Connection: Examining Synchrony In Emotions And Physiology In Friends During Interactions, Joia Lynette Wesley
Interpersonal Connection: Examining Synchrony In Emotions And Physiology In Friends During Interactions, Joia Lynette Wesley
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Interpersonal synchrony is the alignment of emotions, behaviors, and physiology and is associated with prosocial behaviors and subjective connectedness. Few studies have examined synchrony in friend dyads. The present study compared emotional and physiological synchrony during emotional and neutral interactions, explored how social role may influence empathy, and tested if friendship characteristics predicted synchrony. Participants were 56 friend dyads recruited from a predominantly White, Midwestern university. The study included two sessions. In the first session, participants completed prequestionnaires and each participant identified three emotionally salient situations that they had not shared with their friend. The second session was an interaction …
A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial Of Online-Delivered Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics-Enhanced, Jordan Stiede
A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial Of Online-Delivered Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics-Enhanced, Jordan Stiede
Dissertations (1934 -)
Although studies demonstrate that comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is more effective than nonspecific supportive therapy in reducing tics and related impairment, there is room for improvement, as up to 47% of treatment seeking youth do not show adequate response to treatment. Accordingly, the current randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot trial examined the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and durability of online-delivered CBIT-Enhanced (CBIT-E), which included the standard CBIT protocol, plus specific and targeted instrumental conditioning procedures focused on directly reinforcing the use of inhibitory competing responses. The present study also explored differences in tic severity outcomes between CBIT-E participants and waitlist control …
Describing Parents' Beliefs About The Causes Of Mental Health Problems In Youth: Implications For Service Utilization, Madeline Buchanan
Describing Parents' Beliefs About The Causes Of Mental Health Problems In Youth: Implications For Service Utilization, Madeline Buchanan
Dissertations (1934 -)
Parents have an important role in accessing mental health services for youth. Understanding what factors might enhance or impede this process is critical to engaging more children and adolescents in treatment. Evidence suggests parents’ beliefs about the causes of youth mental health problems likely influence mental health service utilization, though existing research is limited. The current study examined parents’ causal beliefs about youth mental health problems and their impact on factors related to help-seeking and service utilization. A diverse group of parents (N = 417; 36.9% non-Hispanic White; 33.3% Black/African American; 29.7% Hispanic/Latino) completed a series of questionnaires via an …
Cultural Values, Gender Roles, Hispanic, Latine, Latinx, Sexism, Erick Herrera Hernandez
Cultural Values, Gender Roles, Hispanic, Latine, Latinx, Sexism, Erick Herrera Hernandez
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Latine cultural values may present elements of hostile and benevolent sexism that overlap with patriarchal gender expectations that maintain gender norms. Despite extensive research linking hostile and benevolent sexism with negative outcomes, few studies have focused on Latine samples. Understanding how Latines perceive sexist behavior is an important step towards addressing the negative effects of sexism in Latine communities. This study examined the relationship between Latine cultural values and perceptions of hostile and benevolent sexist behavior. Participants were presented with fourteen scenarios reflecting hostile and benevolent sexist behavior and were asked to rate these scenarios on a variety of traits, …
Comparing The Effects Of Immediate Vs. Delayed Differential Reinforcement Of Zero Rate Behavior Schedules On Tic Suppression, Kristine T. Vo
Comparing The Effects Of Immediate Vs. Delayed Differential Reinforcement Of Zero Rate Behavior Schedules On Tic Suppression, Kristine T. Vo
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Persistent Tic Disorder and Tourette Disorder are neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by motor and or/ vocal tics. Treatment surrounding tics involve pharmaceutical or behavior therapy. Individuals seeking behavior therapy receive habit reversal training (HRT) or comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT). Much research demonstrates the efficacy of HRT and CBIT, however, as these treatments often teach effective tic suppression skills, it may be useful to better understand the behavioral contingencies that most effectively lead to suppression. This research aims to compare different schedules of reinforcement on tic suppression. Two individuals diagnosed with Tourette’s Disorder, ages 9-14, participated in this study. A …
Nondisclosure Of Supervisee Disagreement To Supervisor Feedback: A Qualitative Study, Elizabeth A. Tinsley
Nondisclosure Of Supervisee Disagreement To Supervisor Feedback: A Qualitative Study, Elizabeth A. Tinsley
Dissertations (1934 -)
Feedback has been described by researchers and supervisors as an important tool of clinical supervision contributing to supervisees’ development (Hein et al., 2011; Jaworski & Kohli, 1991; Nelson et al., 2008; O’Donovan et al., 2011; Sapyta et al., 2005; Worthington, 2006). Because feedback often comes from one perspective, generally the supervisor’s, it seems reasonable to expect supervisors and supervisees may see feedback differently. This difference in perspectives may foster disagreement between the supervisor and supervisee. Not everyone is comfortable discussing disagreement, nor even conflict, which can lead to larger difficulties in supervision. The act of censoring information provided to supervisors …
Evaluating Interest In Clinical Trial Participation For The Treatment Of Pediatric Food Allergy, Perry Allen Catlin
Evaluating Interest In Clinical Trial Participation For The Treatment Of Pediatric Food Allergy, Perry Allen Catlin
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Food allergy (FA) is a chronic medical condition that affects one out of every 13 children in the United States. Researchers have recently begun utilizing double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials to test novel biological treatments designed to retrain the immune system to be less reactive to food allergens. Although these treatments remain in the clinical trial stage, evidence suggests that individuals differentially engage with these options based on a variety of factors. Using a socioecological framework, this study sought to evaluate the effect of child, parent, and family-level factors on parental interest in clinical trial participation for the treatment of pediatric …
Impact Of Childhood Trauma On Skin Conductance Response To Fear, Safety, And Reward, Tristan Alana Gregg
Impact Of Childhood Trauma On Skin Conductance Response To Fear, Safety, And Reward, Tristan Alana Gregg
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Trauma is associated with neurological and physiological differences that can persist years after trauma exposure. Physiologically, trauma has been associated with altered responses to cues in the environment, most commonly threatening stimuli. For instance, in participants who experience trauma during adulthood, such individuals exhibit heightened physiological arousal. Conversely, other studies have found that childhood trauma may be associated with blunted physiological arousal. Most of this research has involved threatening cues, but previous research suggests that trauma is also associated with aberrant physiological arousal responses to positive or rewarding cues. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) are a commonly utilized measure of physiological …
The Utility Of Clinical And Blood-Based Biomarkers To Discriminate Between Typical And Prolonged Pediatric Mtbi Symptom Recovery, Morgan E. Nitta
The Utility Of Clinical And Blood-Based Biomarkers To Discriminate Between Typical And Prolonged Pediatric Mtbi Symptom Recovery, Morgan E. Nitta
Dissertations (1934 -)
Prolonged recovery following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is poorly understood, particularly in pediatric samples, despite significant work to understand prolonged postconcussive symptoms (PPS). Emerging evidence in adult mTBI literature suggests blood-based biomarkers have diagnostic and prognostic value, but there is limited research examining this in pediatric mTBI. Further, while adult research documents that combining physiological biomarkers, emotional distress and symptom reports more optimally differentiates between mTBI and healthy controls, it is unknown if this finding will replicate in pediatric samples. This project examined foundational relationships between clinical, cognitive, inflammatory markers, and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites following mTBI in adolescents …
Heart Rate Variability (Hrv), Cortisol, And Trait Anxiety In Mid-Life Adults, Meghan Bennett
Heart Rate Variability (Hrv), Cortisol, And Trait Anxiety In Mid-Life Adults, Meghan Bennett
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol are well-established biomarkers of the human stress response system. As such, their respective relationships with trait anxiety have been studied. As high HRV indicates healthy emotion regulation while low HRV signifies poor emotion regulation, a negative relationship between HRV and anxiety is found in the literature. Conversely, cortisol both prepares the body for stress and helps it to recover and current studies yield mixed results on its relationship with anxiety. While the link between vagal activity, which mediates HRV, and the HPA-axis, which outputs cortisol, is generally assumed, few studies have examined these biomarkers …
Applying The Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model To Romantic Relationships Of Couples Raising A Child With Asd, Hillary Katherine Schiltz
Applying The Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model To Romantic Relationships Of Couples Raising A Child With Asd, Hillary Katherine Schiltz
Dissertations (1934 -)
Cross-sectional evidence indicates that raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with strain on caregivers’ romantic couple relationship, yet many couple relationships thrive (Hock et al., 2012; Markoulakis et al., 2012). Research on general population samples highlights changes in couple romantic relationships across short and longer periods of time (e.g., Karney & Bradbury, 1997); little is known, however, about how the relationships of couples raising a child with ASD unfold and which couples are at greater risk for deterioration than others. According to the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation (VSA) Model, couple romantic relationships are directly shaped by how …
Conditional Risk For Ptsd Traumatically Injured Latinx Sample: Cultural X Biological Model, Claire Maria Bird
Conditional Risk For Ptsd Traumatically Injured Latinx Sample: Cultural X Biological Model, Claire Maria Bird
Dissertations (1934 -)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that develops in some people following a traumatic event. Latinx communities in the U.S. are at greater risk of developing this disorder and experiencing more severe and chronic symptomology. This population has also been found to experience greater levels of dissociative experiences – possibly explaining the increased conditional risk for PTSD in this ethnic group. It remains unclear what may be connecting the experience of peritraumatic dissociation to heightened PTSD risk. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining peritraumatic dissociation and the interplay between sociocultural and …
Investigating Beliefs & Attitudes Regarding Equitable Teaching & Discipline Practices: Race Essentialism In Schools, Jamee S. Carroll
Investigating Beliefs & Attitudes Regarding Equitable Teaching & Discipline Practices: Race Essentialism In Schools, Jamee S. Carroll
Dissertations (1934 -)
Black, Latinx, and Indigenous adolescents experience more suspensions, expulsions, and school-based arrests than White students. However, minoritized students do not engage in problematic or disruptive behaviors more frequently but rather at equal or lower rates than their White counterparts. One factor that may contribute to this discipline gap is race essentialism, which is the belief that there are deep-rooted, unalterable traits and abilities unique to each racial group. Race essentialism, which has been linked to stereotyping, prejudice, intergroup trust and closeness, and cognitive flexibility, has not been studied in a school discipline context. Demonstrating associations between race essentialism and teachers’ …
Mixed Methods Exploration Of Low Points And Wellness In Black Women, Jessica Krukowski
Mixed Methods Exploration Of Low Points And Wellness In Black Women, Jessica Krukowski
Master's Theses (2009 -)
IntroductionTime and again the voices, experiences, and interests of Black women are systematically marginalized, overlooked or dismissed (King, 2019). In addition, and possibly because of this, Black women are consistently underrepresented and historically overlooked in research (Allen, 2008; Corker, 2010). It is imperative to allow the voices of Black women to begin to fill this scientific gap. Mixed-methods narrative research provides a strength-based framework to do so. This study explores how Black women talk about the lowest point in their life and how that relates to various outcomes of wellness. Method The low point response narrative from The Life Story …
Intimate Partner Violence And Parenting: A Qualitative Study With Immigrant Latinas, Karina Tobon Loyo
Intimate Partner Violence And Parenting: A Qualitative Study With Immigrant Latinas, Karina Tobon Loyo
Dissertations (1934 -)
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is widespread among women, including those that are mothers (Austin et al., 2017). The impact of experiencing IPV is considered a significant health problem for women and their children (Amerson et al., 2014). The deleterious effects of IPV on parenting have been documented, including less effective parenting, engagement, communication and greater harsh discipline and neglect (Chiesa et al., 2018). Despite being the second fastestgrowing ethnoracial group, IPV research on Latinas specifically has been sparse and represents a critical public health concern that requires empirical attention (Paat et al., 2017). Immigrant Latinas may be particularly vulnerable due …
Role Of Cortisol In The Development Of Post-Traumatic Stress And Dysphoria, Devi Jayan
Role Of Cortisol In The Development Of Post-Traumatic Stress And Dysphoria, Devi Jayan
Dissertations (1934 -)
Exposure to a traumatic event is a significant predictor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Identification of specific risk factors for PTSD and depression after trauma exposure has been challenging due to comorbid and heterogeneous presentations of these conditions. Pre-existing research demonstrates reduced cortisol response (hypocortisolism) in chronic PTSD and an exaggerated cortisol response (hypercortisolism) in depression. The current longitudinal study examined cortisol response following a traumatic injury as a potential biomarker for deciphering specific risk for PTSD, depression, and PTSD depression comorbidity. Saliva samples for cortisol assay (post-injury cortisol) were collected from 172 trauma survivors …
The Role Of Hostile And Benevolent Sexism On Women's Career Aspirations And Self-Doubt In Masculine And Feminine Majors, Mary Tait
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Women experience hostile sexism and benevolent sexism in various aspects of their lives and the effects of these experiences have been shown to greatly affect their performance in career-related domains. Researchers have posited that this reduction in performance is related to self-doubt (Dardenne et al., 2007; Kuchynka et al., 2018) which can affect women’s careers long-term. However, the effects of self-doubt on women’s careers may vary depending on the stereotyped context of the environment. The current study examined if the relationship between experiences with sexism and career aspirations is mediated by self-doubt. Further, it was examined if the relationships changed …
Developing And Testing A Brief Alcohol Intervention For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Queer Populations, Lucas Anthony Mirabito
Developing And Testing A Brief Alcohol Intervention For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Queer Populations, Lucas Anthony Mirabito
Dissertations (1934 -)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people are disproportionately affected by alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs). Meyer (2003) and Hatzenbuehler (2009) extended minority stress theory to lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations and introduced stressors unique to these identities to explain general mental health disparities. However, no cohesive theory has emerged to explain the specific pathways that lead to alcohol use disorders (rather than internalizing syndromes such as anxiety and depression). This study, drawing on research published since Meyer (2003), preventative intervention research, motivational interviewing based interventions (MIBIs), and existing LGBTQ-tailored interventions fills this research gap and proposes a model …
The Process Of Healing From Opioid Addiction, James Edward Mcdonald
The Process Of Healing From Opioid Addiction, James Edward Mcdonald
Dissertations (1934 -)
In the last several years, rates and concern about opioid addiction in the US have intensified. It is estimated that more than 130 people die every day from opioid-related drug overdoses (National Center for Health Statistics, 2017). Although there is increased attention on the lethal potential of opioid addiction, narratives about healing from opioid addiction are absent. The purpose of this study was to develop a biopsychosocial understanding of how people heal, not only maintain abstinence, from opioid addiction. Results show four overall phases of healing (i.e., Inactive Healing, Early Active Healing, Middle Active Healing, and Late Active Healing), four …
Building Empathy Toward Community And Reducing Bias In A Chicago Police Sample: A Case For Perspective Taking And Reappraisal Within Virtual Reality, Sydney Timmer-Murillo
Building Empathy Toward Community And Reducing Bias In A Chicago Police Sample: A Case For Perspective Taking And Reappraisal Within Virtual Reality, Sydney Timmer-Murillo
Dissertations (1934 -)
At the societal level, there is significant concern regarding police brutality towards Black individuals. Much of the research proposes implicit racial bias as a potential cause, yet, Intergroup Emotion Theory (IET) suggests that outgroup emotion and threat perception could also play a role. Interventions using perspective taking and counterstereotypical information often have a positive effect on implicit bias in predominantly undergraduate samples. The current study used perspective taking and counterstereotypical methods, incorporated with IET, to determine the ways emotion regulation promoted changes in empathy and implicit bias within a police sample. We examined the effects of a newly developed VR …
Building Empathy Toward Community And Reducing Bias In A Chicago Police Sample: A Case For Perspective Taking And Reappraisal Within Virtual Reality, Sydney Timmer-Murillo
Building Empathy Toward Community And Reducing Bias In A Chicago Police Sample: A Case For Perspective Taking And Reappraisal Within Virtual Reality, Sydney Timmer-Murillo
Dissertations (1934 -)
At the societal level, there is significant concern regarding police brutality towards Black individuals. Much of the research proposes implicit racial bias as a potential cause, yet, Intergroup Emotion Theory (IET) suggests that outgroup emotion and threat perception could also play a role. Interventions using perspective taking and counterstereotypical information often have a positive effect on implicit bias in predominantly undergraduate samples. The current study used perspective taking and counterstereotypical methods, incorporated with IET, to determine the ways emotion regulation promoted changes in empathy and implicit bias within a police sample. We examined the effects of a newly developed VR …
Reflective Functioning In Caregivers: Links To Adverse Childhood Experiences And Emotion Socialization Behaviors, Kristen Anne Yule
Reflective Functioning In Caregivers: Links To Adverse Childhood Experiences And Emotion Socialization Behaviors, Kristen Anne Yule
Dissertations (1934 -)
Caregivers with a childhood history of abuse and neglect are at a greater risk for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment due to the reenactment of maladaptive caregiving behaviors learned from their caregivers. Some parents, however, are able to make sense of their childhood experiences and break this cycle by establishing secure and supportive relationships with their children. Theory and research suggest that reflective functioning (RF), the ability to understand and interpret one’s own and others’ behavior as an expression of thoughts, feelings, and intentions, offers a framework to understand how early experiences with caregivers play a role in the intergenerational …
Response Inhibition-Related Beta Power: Distinguishing Cognitively Intact Elders By Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease, Sarah Amelia Evans
Response Inhibition-Related Beta Power: Distinguishing Cognitively Intact Elders By Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease, Sarah Amelia Evans
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Current neuropsychological research demonstrates an association between the Apolipoprotein-E 4 allele (APOE 4) and poorer cognitive outcomes in older adults. However, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the effect the 4 allele has on executive functioning in cognitively intact older adults, and there is even less study of the effects the 4 allele has on specific executive function processes, such as response inhibition. While behavioral task performance may lack the sensitivity to detect subtle differences in cognitively intact, at-risk individuals, neural activity may better differentiate between individuals who are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Compensatory theories …
The Role Of Community Involvement In Ethnic Discrimination And Depression Symptoms Among Ethnic Minority College Students, Jaclyn Pachicano
The Role Of Community Involvement In Ethnic Discrimination And Depression Symptoms Among Ethnic Minority College Students, Jaclyn Pachicano
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in racial and ethnic minorities attending college (Davis & Fry, 2019). Unfortunately, racial and ethnic minority students are at higher risk for depression symptoms and are less likely to seek out services to address these symptoms (Hope et al., 2018). A possible contributing factor to elevated depression symptoms in this population is exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination, which has repeatedly been linked to increased depression symptoms (Araújo & Borrell, 2006; Chou et al., 2012). Previous literature suggests that community involvement may serve as a buffer or a pathway for …