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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1999, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1999 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1999 crop season, including: precipitation summary, crop performance results, canola and flax variety trials, alfalfa production, cool and warm season annual forages, oat research, spring wheat breeding, fertilizer influence on yields, corn and soybean breeding, weed control, oat and spring wheat foliar fungicide trials.

West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 1999, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1999 progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, wheat and grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1999, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

Crop production was moderate to poor this season. Our climate was mild in terms of temperatures but precipitation was quite erratic. In fact the growing season was both extremely wet and dry. During the first half of the growing season we received 5 inches of rain above normal, and the last half was 4.5 inches below normal. Some fields in our area were too wet to plant or drowned out after planting. Strong wind and hail caused moderate to severe crop damage on July 2. Our last significant precipitation occurred on July 20. After that the rains stopped completely and …

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1999, Agricultural

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This document highlights 15 crop and soils research and demonstration projects conducted at the SDSU Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore in 1999. It is published by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the Plant Science Department. Reports in this document include information on: 100 years of research at Highmore Research Station, temperature and precipitation data, winter wheat breeding, cereal aphid control in winter wheat, oat research, crop performance results, soybean yields, weed control research.

Fresh Market Tomato Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 1999, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Fresh market tomatoes were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag Center in Wanatah, Indiana. Fourteen cultivars were evaluated in a replicated trial, and 26 cultivars in an unreplicated observation trial. Half of the plants of each cultivar were pruned, and half were not, to evaluate pruning effects on yield and fruit quality. In the replicated trial, averaged over all cultivars,
pruning reduced yield of No. 1 fruit by 41%, increased fruit size by 19%, and increased percentage of cull fruit by one-third. The effect of pruning on early yield depended on the cultivar. Based on these results, pruning would be advised …

Fresh Market Tomato Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 1999, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Fresh market tomatoes were evaluated at the Pinney-Purdue Ag Center in Wanatah, Indiana. Fourteen cultivars were evaluated in a replicated trial, and 26 cultivars in an unreplicated observation trial. Half of the plants of each cultivar were pruned, and half were not, to evaluate pruning effects on yield and fruit quality. In the replicated trial, averaged over all cultivars,
pruning reduced yield of No. 1 fruit by 41%, increased fruit size by 19%, and increased percentage of cull fruit by one-third. The effect of pruning on early yield depended on the cultivar. Based on these results, pruning would be advised …

Forage News [1999-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC President’s Corner
• One Day Grazing Schools Are Early Christmas Present
• Forages at Farm Bureau
• KFGC Expands Web Site Content
• Forage Quality Terms
• Use of Energy Supplementation to Dilute Fescue Endophyte Effects During Spring Grazing at Eden Shale
• 20^TH Kentucky Alfalfa Conference
• Upcoming Events

Sampling Weed Spatial Variability On A Fieldwide Scale, Sharon A. Clay, G. Jason Lems, Frank Forcella, Michael M. Ellsbury, C. Gregg Carlson, David E. Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Site-specific weed management recommendations require knowledge of weed species, density, and location in the field. This study compared several sampling techniques to estimate weed density and distribution in two 65-ha no-till Zea mays–Glycine max rotation fields in eastern South Dakota. The most common weeds (Setaria viridis, Setaria glauca, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Polygonum pensylvanicum) were counted by species in 0.1-m2 areas on a 15- by 30-m (1,352 points in each field) or 30- by 30-m (676 points in each field) grid pattern, and points were georeferenced and data spatially analyzed. Using different sampling approaches, weed populations were estimated by …

Influence Of Deleterious Rhizobacteria On Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Roots, Mark A. Brinkman, Sharon A. Clay, Robert J. Kremer

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Rhizobacteria have been shown to be phytotoxic to leafy spurge in laboratory assays. This field study investigated the influence of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens [Trevisan, (Migula)], deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), on root weight, root bud number, and root carbohydrate content of leafy spurge at three sites located in northeast and north-central South Dakota. Soils were inoculated with 2 g of starch-based granules containing no bacteria or starch granules containing 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g of either bacterial strain LS102 (Montana origin) or LS174 (South Dakota origin). Bacterial strains were detected on root samples from treated areas. Root weight and root carbohydrate content …

Full Length Transcript Promotor From Figwort Mosaic Caulimovirus (Fmv) And Use To Express Chimeric Genes In Plant Cells, Indu B. Maiti, Robert J. Shepherd

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

Use of wild type and modified viral FLt promoters of FMV in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. The FLt promoter from FMV is modified with duplicated enhancer domains. The FLt promoter with its single or double enhancer domains is linked to heterologous coding sequences to form chimeric gene constructs. These genes have been shown to be expressed well in plant cells.

Fully Biologically Active In Vitro Transcripts Of The Eriophyid Mite-Transmitted Wheat Streak Mosaic Tritimovirus, Il-Ryong Choi, Roy C. French, Gary L. Hein, Drake C. Stenger

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Infectious RNA of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has been produced using a full-length cDNA clone as a template for in vitro transcription with SP6 RNA polymerase. Infectivity was dependent on the use of template plasmid DNA that had not undergone spontaneous rearrangement during amplification in Escherichia coli. The presence of WSMV in systemically infected wheat plants inoculated with in vitro transcripts was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of the WSMV P3 gene and by accumulation of WSMV coat protein as detected by immunoblotting. Maintenance of the full-length WSMV cDNA in the high copy number plasmid pUC18 was problematic …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 31 No.4 December 1999

The Prairie Naturalist

THE FISHES OF THE UPPER MOREAU RIVER ▪ T. M. Loomis, C. R. Berry, Jr., and J. Erickson

DO INTERNAL FIRE LANES AFFECT NEST DEPREDATION RATES IN PRAIRIES? ▪ K. A. Warren and M. R. Ryan

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF INSECT COMMUNITIES IN TEXAS PRAIRIES. ▪ G. N. Cameron and E. H. Bryant

FIDELITY OF MALLARDS TO ARTIFICIAL NESTING STRl!CTURES ▪ T. Yerkes

OBSERVATIONS ON REPRODUCTION IN THREE SPECIES OF BATS ▪ D. W. Sparks, J. R. Choate, and R. J. Winn

EARLIEST SEASONAL RECORD OF REPRODUCTION IN THE HOARY BAT ON THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ T. …

Conservation Implications Of Genetic Variation In Three Rare Species Endemic To Florida Rosemary Scrub, Rebecca W. Dolan, Rebecca Yahr, Eric S. Menges, Matthew Halfhill

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Habitat conversion and fire suppression during the last 50 yr have greatly reduced and altered Florida scrub vegetation, resulting in threats to the persistence of its unique flora. As part of a larger conservation project, we investigated patterns of isozyme variation in three rare perennial scrub plants with overlapping ranges endemic to Florida rosemary scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge. All three species have low levels of genetic variation, comparable to or lower than those generally reported for rare plants with restricted geographic ranges. Liatris ohlingerae has more than twice the expected heterozygosity of the other two species, with little …

Optimization Of Solid-State Fermentation Parameters For The Production Of Xylanase By Trichoderma Longibrachiatum On Wheat Bran In A Forced Aeration System, Elizabeth R. Ridder, Sue E. Nokes, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of aeration on the production of xylanase by Trichoderma longibrachiatum on wheat bran in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system has not been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of aeration, initial moisture content of the substrate, and depth of the substrate on xylanase activity produced in a tray fermenter. The experiment was conducted as a split plot experiment with factorial treatments and three replications of each treatment combination. The whole plot treatment was aeration rate (0, 2.9, 5.7 L/min/kg bran). Initial moisture content (45, 55, 65% w.b.) and depth of substrate (1.0 and 2.5 …

Pb1637 Fertilizers And Their Use, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Field & Commercial Crops

An understanding of soil chemical properties is important because of their effect on nutrient availability to plants. Also, these properties may usually be favorably altered with the use of lime and/or fertilizer materials. Many plants need 18 elements (see Table 1) for normal growth and completion of their life cycle. These elements are called the essential plant nutrients. Soil amendments containing the essential plant nutrients or having the effect of favorably changing the soil chemistry have been developed and used to enhance plant nutrition. These amendments are our lime and fertilizer materials.

With the development of these modern lime and …

Sp546 Diseases Of Shade And Ornamental Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Shade trees and small ornamental trees may be affected by plant diseases. Most are simply aesthetic problems and cause no long-term damage to the tree. Some diseases can seriously disfigure trees, while others are lethal.

Sp548 Fertilizing Landscape Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Trees in residential and commercial landscape plantings are often fertilized to keep them healthy and attractive. Over-fertilization is common, causing excessive growth, especially on young nursery stock. Trees growing in lawn areas usually receive some nutrients when the turfgrass is fertilized. This is usually sufficient to maintain most trees in fertile soil. However, fertilization may be needed on altered soils where unconsolidated fill material has been added or the topsoil has been removed. Managed urban areas where fallen leaves are removed may also require a fertilization regime to enrich soil and replenish nutrients.

Fertilizer (plant nutrition) is no substitute for …

Sp549 Tree Topping Hurts Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

The practice of topping is so widespread that many people believe it is the proper way to prune trees. However, topping causes a variety of problems in trees that create future maintenance and growth dilemmas for homeowners.

Forage News [1999-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at Farm Bureau
• Forages at KCA
• 20^TH Kentucky Alfalfa Conference
• How’s Your Hay Supply? Quality?
• KFGC President’s Corner
• KFGC Award Winners Announced
• Eden Shale Early Weaning Experiment
• Kentucky Hay
• Upcoming Events

Post–Green Revolution Trends In Yield Potential Of Temperate Maize In The North-Central United States, D. N. Duvick, Kenneth G. Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This paper addresses the question of whether there has been an increase in yield potential of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids released in the north-central United States since the advent of the “Green Revolution” that began in the late 1960s. Because there are few published data about hybrid growth rates and yield-determining plant traits when grown at yield potential levels, we attempt to address this issue indirectly by evaluation of maize breeding efforts, changes in plant traits of commercial hybrids, and by comparison of statewide average yield trends and yield trends in sanctioned yield contests. On the basis of …

Yield Potential Trends Of Tropical Rice Since The Release Of Ir8 And The Challenge Of Increasing Rice Yield Potential, S. Peng, Kenneth G. Cassman, S. S. Virmani, J. Sheehy, G. S. Khush

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Since the release of IR8 in 1966, 42 additional indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) for the irrigated and favorable rainfed lowlands have been released in the Philippines. The maximum yield of IR8 has been reduced by about 2 Mg ha^-1 during the past 30 yr. Empirical breeding for population improvement within the indica germplasm has in the maintenance of rice yield potential in the tropics of about 10 Mg ha^-1. To break the yield barrier, several approaches are being explored. These include development of a new plant …

Vegetation Trend In The Fitzroy Region. An Analysis Of 1995 And 1998 Ground Monitoring Data., Noelene Duckett, Paul Novelly, Ian Watson, National Landcare Program (Australia), Csiro

Research Reports

This document summarises the analyses carried out on the ground monitoring data from the Kimberley region of Western Australia as part of the Natural Heritage Trust project 953024 - ‘'Development of Information Products for Reporting Rangeland Changes.”

This project has been investigating ways of integrating rangeland trend information collated from Landsat satellite data and site-specific ground vegetation data. This has been carried out by extending and refining previous approaches developed by Agriculture Western Australia and CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences (e.g. Wallace et al. 1994). The principal objective of the project is to develop useful information products which …

Sweetpepper Bush Clethra Alnifolia L., Gene Silberhorn

Reports

The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen ident

Herbicide Evaluation In Arkansas Rice, 1998, Ron Talbert, Ford Baldwin, David Gealy, Tomilea Dillon, Lance Schmidt, Eric Scherder, Celeste Wheeler, Leopoldo Estorninos Jr., Jeff Rutledge, Rebecca Chavez

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Weed control is economically important for production of rice, a major crop in Arkansas. These findings summarize efforts of the team of Arkansas scientists working on weed control strategies for rice during 1998. Various technologies were evaluated in field studies involving the major weed problems and rice production systems used in the state. Results from these studies will add to the arsenal of weed control options for producers. The preliminary results reported here generally warrant further testing for more advanced findings and for the labeling of new technologies and, finally, are the basis for updating safe, effective, and economical recommendations …

Forage News [1999-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Dealing with the Drought of ’99 Fall Forage Conference is October 5
• What to Do with Thin, Open, Cull Cows Has Always Been a Question for Beef Producers
• Princeton Grazing School Set For October 12-14
• Kentucky Forage & Grassland Council Activities
• Evaluating Hay Quality
• Upcoming Events

Review Of A Classification Of North American Biotic Communities By David E. Brown, Frank Reichenbacher, Susan E. Franson, Robert B. Kaul

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences

This is the latest of many efforts over the past century to classify North America's natural, undisturbed biological communities as they existed in pre-agrarian times and in many places continue to exist today. Its authors' stated objective is to integrate existing works into a hierarchical synthesis that can lead to a standardized system for researchers, land managers, conservation groups, and government agencies. To that end, the authors have modified and expanded David Brown's earlier classification for the Southwest to cover the continent, defined here as the area from the Panama Canal to the Arctic, including Greenland and some of the …

Review Of Population Biology Of Grasses, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Publications

Population Biology of Grasses provides a wealth of knowledge beyond population biology that ecologists and ecosystem biologists will find relevant to their concerns, particularly those with an interest in grasslands. Though not limited to the Great Plains region, the book would make an excellent addition to the reference shelf of anyone interested in grasses and grassland-related ecosystems, including readers with an interest in land management and preservation. While the papers are written for different levels of readers, all provide information accessible to non-specialists.

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Fall 1999, Volume 5, No. 4

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Contents:

End-of-Season Visual Obstruction after Summer Grazing in the Nebraska Sandhills by Patrick Reece, Jerry Volesky, and Walter Schacht, Department of Agronomy, UNL

Global Change: Implications for Great Plains and Midwest Grasslands by David Wedin, School of Natural Resource Sciences, UNL

On the Green with the Environment [Reprinted from the June/July, 1999 Conservation Voices]

Special Publication on Grasslands at the Millenium

USDA Holds Land Conservation Forums and Summit

Ua66/5 Newsletter, Wku Agriculture

WKU Archives Records

Newsletter created by WKU Agriculture Department re: faculty/staff, students/alumni, student organizations and clubs and donors.

Mechanical Conditioning Of Tomato Seedlings Improves Transplant Quality Without Deleterious Effects On Field Performance, Lauren C. Garner, Thomas Björkman

Horticulture and Crop Science

Excessive stem elongation reduces plant survival in the field and hinders mechanical transplanting. Mechanical conditioning is an effective method for reducing stem elongation during transplant production. This investigation examined the consequences of mechanical conditioning, using brushing and impedance, on subsequent field performance of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Mechanically conditioned transplants of processing tomatoes resumed growth after transplant shock as quickly as did untreated plants, and subsequent canopy development was also equal. In 4 years of field trials, yield was not reduced by mechanical conditioning. Transplants for fresh-market tomatoes may be more sensitive to injury than those for processing tomatoes because …