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United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
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- Sperm (2)
- Airflow (1)
- Autografts (1)
- Brightness values (1)
- Broiler (1)
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- DNA fingerprinting (1)
- Feed conversion (1)
- Fertility (1)
- Fertilizer application (1)
- Fly traps (1)
- Grid sampling (1)
- Heterografts (1)
- Interrill erodibility (1)
- Interrill erosion (1)
- Kurtosis (1)
- Manure application (1)
- Mortality (1)
- Musca domestica (1)
- Ovulation Rate (1)
- Paternity (1)
- Pigs (1)
- Poultry (1)
- Prunus persica (1)
- Puberty (1)
- Quantitative Traits (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Runoff (1)
- Sampling (1)
- Semen evaluations (1)
- Sire selection (1)
Articles 1 - 23 of 23
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Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Female Reproductive Traits In A Multigeneration Meishan-White Composite Swine Population, G. A. Rohrer, J. J. Ford, T. H. Wise, J. L. Vallet, R. K. Christenson
Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Female Reproductive Traits In A Multigeneration Meishan-White Composite Swine Population, G. A. Rohrer, J. J. Ford, T. H. Wise, J. L. Vallet, R. K. Christenson
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
A multigeneration crossbred Meishan- White composite resource population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age at first estrus (AP) and the components of litter size: ovulation rate (OR; number of ova released in an estrous period) and uterine capacity (UC). The population was established by reciprocally mating Meishan (ME) and White composite (WC) pigs. Resultant F1 females were mated to either ME or WC boars to produce backcross progeny (BC) of either ¾ WC ¼ ME or ¼ WC ¾ ME. To produce the next generation (F3) , ¾ WC ¼ ME animals were mated …
Real-Time Monitoring Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Adherence To Beef Carcass Surface Tissues With A Bioluminescent Reporter, Gregory R. Siragusa, Kevin Nawotka, Stanley D. Spilman, Pamela R. Contag, Christopher H. Contag
Real-Time Monitoring Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Adherence To Beef Carcass Surface Tissues With A Bioluminescent Reporter, Gregory R. Siragusa, Kevin Nawotka, Stanley D. Spilman, Pamela R. Contag, Christopher H. Contag
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
A method for studying bacteria that are attached to carcass surfaces would eliminate the need for exogenous sampling and would facilitate understanding the interaction of potential human food-borne pathogens with food animal tissue surfaces. We describe such a method in which we used a bioluminescent reporter strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that was constructed by transformation with plasmid pCGLS1, an expression vector that contains a complete bacterial luciferase (lux) operon. Beef carcass surface tissues were inoculated with the bioluminescent strain, and adherent bacteria were visualized in real time by using a sensitive photon-counting camera to obtain in situ …
Comparison Of Precipitation Catch Between Nine Measuring Systems, Clayton L. Hanson, Gregory L. Johnson, Albert Rango
Comparison Of Precipitation Catch Between Nine Measuring Systems, Clayton L. Hanson, Gregory L. Johnson, Albert Rango
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
A site was established by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service on the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho in the fall of 1987 and operated through the spring of 1994, to compare precipitation catch between nine precipitation-measuring systems. This site was established as a part of the World Meteorological Organization’s program to compare current national methods of measuring solid precipitation (snow), so the primary emphasis of this study was the measurement of snowfall. Over seven seasons, four of the systems measured snowfall and total catch, which included snow, mixed snow and rain, and rain events, within …
Report Of The Brassica Crops Working Group, Chris Neeser
Report Of The Brassica Crops Working Group, Chris Neeser
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The Brassicaceae family comprises about 3000 species, the majority of which are found in the Northern Hemisphere. Many common agricultural weeds, such as Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, Brassica rapa L., Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., Raphanus raphanistrum L., and Sinapis arvensis L., belong to this family. The most important crop species from this family are the oilseed Brassicas; Brassica napus L., B rapa L., and B juncea Coss., which are generally referred to as rapeseed, oilseed rape, or canola. Other widely cultivated species in this family are: B. oleracea L. (cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and broccoli), B. chinensis L. …
Report Of The Turfgrasses Working Group, Hector Quemada
Report Of The Turfgrasses Working Group, Hector Quemada
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Over 30 species of grasses are utilized for turf (Huff 1998), while others are important in agriculture as forage crops. The commercial value of this group of plants makes them attractive for improvement through modern genetic engineering techniques (Johnson and Riordan, in press). Because of the diversity of species and the consequent differences in biology among them, broad generalizations regarding the ecological effects of pest resistance genes introduced into these crops cannot be made. Rather, questions regarding the potential for pest resistance genes must be directed toward specific cases in which the species and the particular introduced gene are known. …
Report Of The Cucurbit Working Group, James D. Mccreight, Jack Staub
Report Of The Cucurbit Working Group, James D. Mccreight, Jack Staub
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) originated in India, melon (C. melo L.) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Africa, and squash, pumpkin, and gourd (Cucurbita spp.) in the Americas. Thus, cucumber, melon, and watermelon (including citron) are relatively recent introductions to the New World. Most domesticated species of Cucurbita were introduced from Mexico, Central America, and South America with the migration of native Americans centuries earlier. Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Logr.) is from Southeast Asia. Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.) is of African origin. South Asia is the probable center of …
Report Of The Grains Working Group (Rice, Sorghum And Wheat), Donna Mitten
Report Of The Grains Working Group (Rice, Sorghum And Wheat), Donna Mitten
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The grains working group identified three crops which have sexually compatible weedy relatives likely to be subject to gene flow in US agricultural systems (Table 1). The ease of cross pollination and the successful production of a fertile hybrid vary with each case. If the selective advantage of an introduced trait is positive, however, introgression of the new trait into an existing weed population is possible. The risk of ecological harm is then dependent upon the habitat of the weed. In the crop-weed complexes considered here, in which the habitat of the weedy relative is limited to agricultural systems, the …
Paternity Efficiency In Turkeys Differes Extensively After Hererospermic Insemination, Ann M. Donoghue, Murray R. Bakst, Paul Drummond, Shakura Haqque, Edward J. Smith, Daniel J. Donoghue
Paternity Efficiency In Turkeys Differes Extensively After Hererospermic Insemination, Ann M. Donoghue, Murray R. Bakst, Paul Drummond, Shakura Haqque, Edward J. Smith, Daniel J. Donoghue
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
All commercial turkey hens in the U.S. are bred by artificial insemination (AI). Since semen samples are pooled from 10 or more males (heterospermic inseminations), paternity of the progeny is rarely known. Whereas it is known that sperm competition exists, the degree to which any male's sperm fertilizes ova relative to other male's remains unknown. In this work, we determined individual male fecundity relative to that of other males in the study and attempted to establish a relationship between male fecundity and semen characteristics in turkeys. Fingerprinting of genomic DNA from parents and offspring was used to determine parentage efficiency. …
Isolation Of Sperm Storage Tubules From The Uterovaginal Junction Mucosa Of The Turkey, L. M. King, J. P. Brillard, M. R. Bakst, A. M. Donoghue
Isolation Of Sperm Storage Tubules From The Uterovaginal Junction Mucosa Of The Turkey, L. M. King, J. P. Brillard, M. R. Bakst, A. M. Donoghue
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This study was performed to determine whether intact sperm storage tubules (SST) could be successfully isolated from the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) mucosa of the turkey. Large White BUTA hens were inseminated and euthanatized 24 to 48 h later. Oviducts were excised, UVJ tissue removed, and SST were procured by enzymatic digestion. Recovered SST were intact and contained motile sperm. The sperm were oriented with their acrosomes pointed towards the distal end of the SST, and their long axes in parallel with the long axis of the tubule’s lumen. This method for the isolation of intact SST can be readily applied …
Midseason Stalk Breakage In Corn As Affected By Crop Rotation, Hybrid, And Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate, Wallace Wilhelm, Mark A. Liebig, Gary E. Varvel, Tracy M. Blackmer
Midseason Stalk Breakage In Corn As Affected By Crop Rotation, Hybrid, And Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate, Wallace Wilhelm, Mark A. Liebig, Gary E. Varvel, Tracy M. Blackmer
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
In July of 1993 and 1994, southern Nebraska experienced devastating windstorms, with winds estimated to exceed 45 m s-1. These storms resulted in severe brittle-snap of corn (Zea mays L.), with stalks breaking near the primary ear node in the basal portion of an elongating internode. In the storm path were several experiments established on a Hord silt loam (Cumulic Haplustolls) to determine the effect of selected management practices (crop rotation, hybrid selection, planting date, and N fertilization) on nitrate leaching to ground water from irrigated cropland. After the storms, the number of broken plants was determined …
Relationship Between Spectral Data From An Aerial Image And Soil Organic Matter And Phosphorus Levels, Gary E. Varvel, Michael R. Schlemmer, James S. Schepers
Relationship Between Spectral Data From An Aerial Image And Soil Organic Matter And Phosphorus Levels, Gary E. Varvel, Michael R. Schlemmer, James S. Schepers
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Early ventures into site-specific management involved fertilizer management decisions based on soil chemical properties characterized by some form of grid sampling. This is both labor and capital intensive and practitioners quickly began investigating other methods to get a measure of spatial variability. Aerial photographs, which were mainly used to evaluate and assess crop status, allow for the collection of whole-field data at relatively low cost. Our objective is to determine what relationships exist between aerial spectral data and intensive grid soil test results and whether this information can be used to improve future soil sampling strategies. Soil-test organic matter (OM) …
A Crna Probe Detects Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus In Three Peach Cultivars After Micrografting And In Peach Shoots Following Long-Term Culture At 4°C, K. Heuss, Q. Liu, F.A. Hammerschlag, R.W. Hammond
A Crna Probe Detects Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus In Three Peach Cultivars After Micrografting And In Peach Shoots Following Long-Term Culture At 4°C, K. Heuss, Q. Liu, F.A. Hammerschlag, R.W. Hammond
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
As part of a program to develop transgenic peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars with resistance to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), we are testing a system for measuring virus in peach shoot cultures. Micrografting in vitro is used for inoculation and slot-blot hybridization, with a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probe complementary to the 5´ open reading frame (ORF) of PNRSV RNA 3, for detection. In this study, we investigated whether infected shoots maintain virus infection over long periods of culture at 4°C and if PNRSV-infected ‘Suncrest’ shoot cultures can serve as graft bases to transmit virus equally well into …
Effect Of Airflow On House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Distribution In Poultry Houses, Christopher Geden, Jerome Hogsette, Roger Jacobs
Effect Of Airflow On House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Distribution In Poultry Houses, Christopher Geden, Jerome Hogsette, Roger Jacobs
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Numbers of fecal and vomit spots deposited by house flies, Musca domestica L., on spot cards were about twice as high on cards placed on the downwind sides as on the upwind sides of building support posts in caged-layer poultry houses with tunnel ventilation in Brooksville, FL. This trend was stronger at the ends of the houses where airflow is faster than in the relatively still-air center of the houses. A similar evaluation conducted in a pullet house (Zephyrhills, FL) with an evaporative cooling ventilation system revealed significantly higher fly counts on spot cards and sticky cards in downwind compared …
Effects On Commercial Broiler Chicks Of Constant Exposure To Ultraviolet Light From Insect Traps, Jerome Hogsette, Henry Wilson
Effects On Commercial Broiler Chicks Of Constant Exposure To Ultraviolet Light From Insect Traps, Jerome Hogsette, Henry Wilson
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Constant exposure of newly hatched Avian x Avian broilers to ultraviolet light from insect traps for 42 d resulted in no significant differences in mortality, weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion. Birds were exposed to greater intensities of ultraviolet light for longer periods than could be expected under commercial conditions. Although house flies are rarely a problem in broiler houses, our results indicate that insect traps with ultraviolet light as an attractant would not be detrimental to production of broilers. The need for additional testing of light traps for nuisance fly control in commercial broiler houses is discussed.
Cytogenetic Assignment Of 53 Microsatellites From The Usda-Marc Porcine Genetic Map, N. L. Lopez-Corrales, C. W. Beattie, G. A. Rohrer
Cytogenetic Assignment Of 53 Microsatellites From The Usda-Marc Porcine Genetic Map, N. L. Lopez-Corrales, C. W. Beattie, G. A. Rohrer
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This study provides 53 new fluorescent in situ hybridization cytogenetic assignments for microsatellite markers linked to the swine genetic map. Forty microsatellites are physically assigned for the first time. The chromosomal locations of eight markers were either confirmed or refined, while five loci were assigned to locations different from those given in previous reports. Markers were selected to provide physical anchors based on their presumed proximity to centromeres or telomeres and at approximately 30 cM invervals across the genetic map. The number of physical anchors for pig (SSC) chromosomes 8, 15, and 18 linkage groups was significantly improved. Centromeric regions …
Physical Mapping Of The Bovine, Caprine And Ovine Homologues Of The Paired Box Gene Pax8, N. L. Lòpez-Corrales, T. S. Sonstegard, T. P. L. Smith
Physical Mapping Of The Bovine, Caprine And Ovine Homologues Of The Paired Box Gene Pax8, N. L. Lòpez-Corrales, T. S. Sonstegard, T. P. L. Smith
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The PAX8 gene, a member of the human paired box gene family, was mapped by FISH to chromosome 11 in cattle and goat and to the short arm of chromosome 3 in sheep. The cytogenetic position of PAX8 on BTA 11 and on its homologue OAR 3p lies in the region where the interleukin beta (IL1B) gene has been previously located, (BTA 11q22.1→q22.3 and OAR 3p25→q26 respectively; Lòpez-Corrales et al., 1998). The results indicated that PAX8 as well as interleukin beta and interleukin alpha (IL1B and IL1A) genes detected on the human chromosome segment HSA 2q13→q21 maintain a similar …
The Concept Of Familiarity And Pest Resistant Plants, Karen Hokanson, David Heron, Subhash Gupta, Susan Koehler, Craig Roseland, Shanthu Shantharam, John Turner, James White, Michael Schechtman, Sally Mccammon, Rebecca Bech
The Concept Of Familiarity And Pest Resistant Plants, Karen Hokanson, David Heron, Subhash Gupta, Susan Koehler, Craig Roseland, Shanthu Shantharam, John Turner, James White, Michael Schechtman, Sally Mccammon, Rebecca Bech
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Meetings such as this workshop provide an all too rare opportunity for scientists from different disciplines to share their perspectives on a topic of common interest. In this case we examine the use of pest resistant plants in managed ecosystems. USDA-APHIS has a clear interest in this subject because it is involved in regulating transgenic plants, many of which have been engineered with some sort of pest resistance, within its broad authority to protect plants under the Federal Plant Pest Act and the Plant Quarantine Act. Since 1992, when APHIS received its first request to determine non-regulated status for a …
Weed Management: Implications Of Herbicide Resistant Crops, Stephen Duke
Weed Management: Implications Of Herbicide Resistant Crops, Stephen Duke
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Crops made resistant to herbicides by biotechnology are being widely adopted in North America and entering other parts of the world. Those containing transgenes that impart resistance to post-emergence, non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate will have the major impact. These products allow the farmer to more effectively use reduced- or no-tillage cultural practices, eliminate use of some of the more environmentally suspect herbicides, and use fewer herbicides to manage nearly the entire spectrum of weed species. In some cases, non-selective herbicides used with herbicide resistant crops reduce plant pathogen problems because of the chemicals’ toxicity to certain microbes. …
Runoff And Erosion From Interrill Areas As Affected By The Application Of Manure, John E. Gilley, Bahman Eghball, Jurg M. Blumenthal, David D. Baltensperger
Runoff And Erosion From Interrill Areas As Affected By The Application Of Manure, John E. Gilley, Bahman Eghball, Jurg M. Blumenthal, David D. Baltensperger
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This study was conducted to measure runoff and erosion from interrill areas as affected by the long-term application of manure and fertilizer to a Tripp sandy loam soil located near Mitchell, Nebraska. Soil which had been removed from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile was placed in a 1 m2 soil pan. Rainfall was then applied to the soil pan during initial and wet simulation events. Total runoff was similar on the manure and no-manure treatments. The long-term application of manure (55 years) at a rate of 27 Mg ha-1 (wet basis) per year did not …
The Reproductive Biology And Effective Pollinators Of The Endangered Beardtongue Penstemon Penlandii (Scrophulariaceae), Vincent J. Tepedino, Sedonia D. Sipes, Terry L. Griswold
The Reproductive Biology And Effective Pollinators Of The Endangered Beardtongue Penstemon Penlandii (Scrophulariaceae), Vincent J. Tepedino, Sedonia D. Sipes, Terry L. Griswold
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Penland's beardtongue, a rare endemic plant of the Colorado Plateau, displays a mixed breeding system. Plants are partially self-compatible but set more fruits when cross-pollinated than when self-pollinated. Fruit production is significantly increased by pollinators. However, in two years of study there was no indication that fruit set was being limited by inadequate pollinator visitation. Pollinator effectiveness was judged by correlating bee behavior at the flowers with analysis of the pollen carried on bee bodies. The most important pollinators were native megachilid bees, particularly in the genus Osmia. The bees that pollinate Penland's beardtongue are essential to its reproduction …
Economic And Environmental Benefits Of Soil/Water Nitrogen Testing: The Case Of Central Nebraska, C. S. Kim, Harold Taylor, Carmen Sandretto
Economic And Environmental Benefits Of Soil/Water Nitrogen Testing: The Case Of Central Nebraska, C. S. Kim, Harold Taylor, Carmen Sandretto
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This research presents a competitive dynamic model to evaluate the economic and groundwater quality benefits resulting from the adoption of soil/water nitrogen testing. The model is applied to an irrigated corn production county in the Nebraska Mid-State area where the groundwater contamination level from nitrates is reported to be, on average 18.7 parts per million (ppm). Adoption of nutrient management practices would result in increased economic benefits to farmers and reduced nitrate stocks in groundwater.
Analysis Of Human Skin Emanations By Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 1. Thermal Desorption Of Attractants For The Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes Aegypti) From Handled Glass Beads, Ulrich R. Bernier, Matthew M. Booth, Richard A. Yost
Analysis Of Human Skin Emanations By Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 1. Thermal Desorption Of Attractants For The Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes Aegypti) From Handled Glass Beads, Ulrich R. Bernier, Matthew M. Booth, Richard A. Yost
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Handled glass has the ability to collect and concentrate nonaqueous human skin emanations while minimizing the collection of aqueous perspiration. Compounds originating from the skin and collected on glass have previously been found to attract the Aedes aegypti species of mosquito. Therefore, glass beads were used as the medium to collect skin emanations from humans for subsequent chemical analysis. This process consisted of a 5-15-min collection of sample on glass beads, followed by loading the beads into a gas chromatograph (GC) injector insert for subsequent desorption of the collected compounds onto the GC column. After cryofocusing by liquid nitrogen at …
Report Of The Berry Working Group (Strawberry, Raspberry/Blackberry, Blueberry), Erin Rosskopf
Report Of The Berry Working Group (Strawberry, Raspberry/Blackberry, Blueberry), Erin Rosskopf
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Strawberries are a relatively recently domesticated crop. The most commonly cultivated strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa, is a hybrid of the North American F. virginiana and the South American F. chiloensis (Maas 1998). These parental species are still grown in some areas and F. virginiana is the primary wild, sexually compatible relative to the cultivated strawberry. In addition to F. virginiana, F. vesca and its subspecies are also present in the United States. Fragaria x ananassa and F. virginiana readily cross. Introgression of pest resistance traits into the wild strawberry population is likely, as substantial amounts of crop-weed introgression …