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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1989 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1989 crop season, including precipitation data, crop performance test, spring wheat breeding, nitrogen tests for corn, potato rotation study, grasshopper research, corn rootworm research, oat research, weed control, disease control in wheat, farming system studies, and an economic analysis of farming systems.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.4 December 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

SMALL MAMMALS IN TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE: PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAZING AND BURNING ▪ E. K. Clark, D. W. Kaufman, E. J. Finck, and G. A. Kaufman

BURROW DISTRIBUTION OF THIRTEEN-LINED GROUND SQUIRRELS IN RELATION TO TREE CANOPIES ▪ J. L. Koprowski 185

SPRING AND SUMMER PREY REMAINS COLLECTED FROM MALE MINK DENS IN SOUTHWESTERN MANITOBA ▪ . T. W. Arnold and E. K. Fritzell

BREEDING CANVASBACKS: A TEST OF A HABITAT MODEL ▪ D. H. Johnson, M. C. Hammond, T. L. McDonald, C. L. Nustad, and M. D. Schwartz

A CHECKLIST OF THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA ▪ G. C. Wheeler and …

Tillage And Fertilizer Influences On Corn And Legume Cover, J. E. Gilley, J. F. Power, P. J. Reznicek, S. C. Finkner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The use of legumes in a cropping system may provide a variety of benefits. In this study, the effectiveness of selected legume species in providing surface cover was examined. The legumes were interseeded into either conventional or no-till corn, with or without N fertilizer. Both maximum legume cover and maximum cover furnished by corn plus legumes were examined. Mean cover provided during the study period by both the cover crop, and corn plus cover crop was also determined.

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This twenty-ninth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, soil testing, alfalfa yield test, fertilizer testing, herbicide research, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock research, and pest and weed control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1989, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1989 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary for all west river counties involved in research, small grain variety trials and demonstrations, grain crops variety testing and demonstrations, management, tillage and cultural practices, and weed control research projects.

Introduction And Enhancement Of Vegetative Cover At Lake Mead, Jennifer S. Haley, Lisa K. Croft, Suzanne E. Leavitt, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Studies done by the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW) and the Arizona Fish and Game between 1978 and 1981 indicate that inadequate cover may be limiting the production and survival of largemouth bass at the Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA). As a result of these studies, NDOW initiated a contract in 1986 with the Lake Mead Research Center (LMRC) to investigate means of improving habitat for game fish by introducing natural and/or artificial cover.

During Phase I (1986-1987) of this contract, the shoreline of Lake Mead was surveyed for aquatic and terrestrial plant growth. Also during this time, submerged …

Frequency-Dependent Seed Dispersal By Ants Of Two Deciduous Forest Herbs, Brent H. Smith, Catherine E. De Rivera, Cara Lin Bridgman, John J. Woid

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two co—occurring deciduous forest myrmecochores, Asarum canadense and Jeffersonia diphylla, release their seeds at approximately the same time, and therefore potentially compete for ants as dispersers. Within a single woodlot, we placed seeds of both species inside a dense Jeffersonia population away from Asarum plants, inside a dense Asarum population away from Jeffersonia plants, and in a site where plants of neither species occurred. No preference was exhibited by ants where natural populations were absent. Preference at the other two sites was frequency dependent: ants preferred seeds of the introduced species. Species preferred by ants have higher seed and …

Can Genetically Engineered Crops Become Weeds?, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

There are significant differences if the distribution of weedy characteristics among weeds, normal plants, and crops. The world’s most serious weeds possess on the average 10 or 11 of these characters, a random collection of British plants have an average seven of the traits, and crop plants only five. For the average crop to become as “weedy” as the average weed, it would need to acquire five weedy traits. Even using the unlikely assumption that those traits are single loci in which a dominant mutation would provide the weedy character, this would require the simultaneous acquisition of five gene substitutions. …

Soil Disturbance-Residue Management Effect On Winter Wheat Growth And Yield, Wallace Wilhelm, H. Bouzerzour, J. F. Power

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The need to reduce soil erosion, maximize soil water conservation, and optimize grain production in dryland cropping systems in the Central Great Plains has culminated in development of nontilled fallow systems. These systems have greatly reduced the degree of soil disturbance, and the amount and degree of residue incorporation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of soil disturbance and residue management on soil temperature, soil water, and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth. Two field studies were established in 1981 and 1982 on an Alliance silt loam (Fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) with treatments consisting …

Presence Of A Cs-Resistant Transient Outward Current Which Distorts Ica Measurements In Guinea-Pig Single Ventricular Cells, Georges Christé, Brigitte Delachapelle, Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, Carlos Ojeda

fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh

To correctlyr analyse the physical properties of ion channels and the actions of drugs upon them, it is important that the membrane conducts only the ionic species believed permeant. In guinea-pig ventricular cells it has been assumed that only ICaL flows in the potential range -50 to +60 mV in the presence of intra- and extracellular Cs (> 20 mM). We report here that this is not the case due to the presence of a Cs-insensitive, transient outward current.

Measurements Of Cytosolic Free Ca In Cultured Rat Neonate And Adult Guinea-Pig Ventricular Cardiac Myocytes, Jean-Claude Bernengo, Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, Carlos Ojeda, Nadine Pltonoff

fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh

Cytosolic free Ca was measured with Indo-1 (Grynkiewicz et al. 1985) as free acid (in guinea-pig cells) or as the ester (in rat neonate cells). Using image analysis we obtained concentration maps at 40 ms intervals at two wavelengths (Cannell et al. 1986). In rat neonate cells, at rest and during contraction, calcium was apparently non-uniformly distributed, in contrast to guinea-pig adult cells. Using a dual PM spectroscopic system adapted to an inverted microscope we found: (1) the conversion of Indo-AM to Indo- 1 in the cytosol is not complete (< 40% contribution to the total light); (2) rat neonate cells buffer Ca (at rest 130-170 nM) only for [Ca]. between 1 and 3 mM, whereas in adult guinea-pig cells the range extended to 10 mM; (3) during contraction [Ca]i rose from 200 nm to no more than 1 microM. Digitoxin increases basal and peak [Ca]i; (4) during spontaneous contractions, in guinea-pig cells, [Ca]i rises from 70 to 200 nm when [Ca]o = 0, and from 170 nm to about 1 microM when [Ca]o = 2 mM; (5) in voltage-clamp conditions the rise in [Ca]i does not exceed 2 microM and oscillations occur in the presence of forskolin. When loading with Indo-1, cells frequently cease to contract (Powell et al. 1988) and the variations in [Ca]i are then very small (about 200 nm at peak ICa). In both cases these values are small compared to the total charge crossing the membrane.

Radio Transmitter Attachment For Chukars, Bartel T. Slaugh, Jerran T. Flinders, Jay A. Roberson, M. Ray Olson, N. Paul Johnston

Great Basin Naturalist

Thirty-seven Chukars (Alectoris chukar), fitted with conventional poncho-type radio transmitters, were released on Antelope Island in Utah's Great Salt Lake. Twenty-seven removed their radios, averaging three days after release. The remaining 10 died from predation (average 15 days). Twenty-two Chukars with pleated and six with harness ponchos were then released. Five of the pleated ponchos were removed (average four days), and 17 resulted in mortality (average two days). All six harness poncho-equipped birds were dead the following day. A consequential laboratory study comparing various attachment methods (conventional, pleated, harness, and "irreversible" flange poncho vs. bellystrap and wingstrap backpack) …

Parthenocissus Tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Stubble Losses Of Kentucky Soybeans, Larry J. Grabau, Todd W. Pfeiffer

Agronomy Notes

Double crop soybeans in Kentucky tend to be shorter than plants from full season plantings. Since lowest pod height is related to plant height, double crop soybeans may be subject to greater harvest losses due to pods remaining below the level at which the combine header is operated. While it would be possible to lower the header closer to the soil to pick up some of those pods, that would slow down harvest and increase the risk of picking up stones and other trash. Although the actual cutting heights used in Kentucky are not known, some producers use combines with …

Vegetation And Environment In An Adjacent Post Oak Flatwoods And Barrens In Indiana, Rebecca W. Dolan, Eric S. Menges

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

To compare adjacent post oak flatwoods and barrens communities in south-western Indiana, we used vegetational, environmental and fire history data in multivariate analyses. Barrens had greater dominance by post oak and lower tree species richness, but variation in tree species composition was not strongly related to soil moisture, litter depth or other environmental gradients measured. Tree growth has been slow and variable, with little difference between the barrens and flatwoods. Barrens and flatwoods differ in herb species composition, but with considerable overlap. In the barrens, herbaceous vegetation composition was correlated with tree basal area, litter depth and soil moisture; in …

Studies On The Giant Mealie Witchweed, Striga Forbesii Benth., In Zimbabwe, David Allen Knepper

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Of the seven species of Striga found in Zimbabwe, S. forbesii Benth. is currently the most destructive in terms of crop damage. Owing to its limited occurrence worldwide as a pest of crops, relatively little work has been done on this species.

Striga forbesii has been found to be a consistent problem on both maize and sorghum in the Hunter's Road District of KweKwe, Zimbabwe. Results of a pot study and field observations, indicate S. forbesii can successfully parasitize Urochloa panicoides Beauv., Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (L.) L.f., all of which are widespread weeds of arable land. …

Vitis Aestivalis F.Michx., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Eremophila Goodwinii F. Muell., R. G. Covney, M. Savio, B. M. Wiecek

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.3 September 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

SEED DISPERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAINS SILVER SAGEBRUSH ▪ C. L. Wambolt, T. Walton, and R. S. White

ON THE TRAIL OF THE ANT, VEROMESSOR LOBOGNATHUS . ▪ G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler

LAND USE RELATIONSHIPS TO AVIAN CHOLERA OUTBREAKS IN THE NEBRASKA RAINWATER BASIN AREA ▪ B. J. Smith, K. F. Higgins, and C. F. Gritzner

INCIDENCE OF LEAD SHOT IN THE RAINWATER BASINS OF SOUTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA ▪ . D. W. Oates

REPRODUCTION, RECRUITMENT, AND SURVIVAL OF BROWN AND RAINBOW TROUT IN A PRAIRIE COTEAU STREAM ▪ C. L. Milewski and D. W. Willis

SIZE STRUCTURE AND CATCH …

Acer Palmatum Thunb., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Noteworthy Collections: Virginia, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

The above collections represent the second record for the state of Virginia, and may well establish the northernmost station for the species in the eastern United States. According to B.L. Lipscomb (Sida 8:320-327. 1980), this Old World weed is spreading throughout the warmer regions of North America. The only previous record of the species from the state is a Fernald specimen from Owl Creek in Virginia Beach. R.W. Tyndall, who found the species in northeastern North Carolina, was unable in 1978 to locate the plant at Fernald's Virginia Beach locality (Castanea 48:277-280. 1983). The Amelia County plants occur in two …

Sfa Gardens Newsletter, August 1989, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

The Genus Marasmius From The Southern Appalachian Mountains, Dennis Edmund Desjardin

Doctoral Dissertations

The genus Marasmius (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycotina) constitutes one of the larger genera of litter-decomposing and litter-binding mushrooms, represented worldwide by approximately 500 species. Thirty-eight taxa representing eight sections of the genus are recognized as occurring in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Seven of these taxa are new to science, while an additional 14 are reported for the first time from the study area. In addition, one new section is proposed.

Descriptions of southern Appalachian species of Marasmius have been compiled from data on macro- and micromorphological features of basidiomata, supplemented with data on geographical and ecological distribution. Details on nomenclature and …

Temporal Patterns Of Nectar And Pollen Production In Aralia Hispida: Implications For Reproductive Success, James D. Thomas, Mary A. Mckenna, Mitchell B. Cruzan

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Large plants of Aralia hispida present their pollen and nectar in hundreds of small flowers than open sequentially over 2—3 wk in a pattern of synchronized protandry that alternates male and female phases. The primary pollinators, bumble bees, are able to discover individual plants with elevated levels of either nectar or pollen, and to return to them more often than to less rewarding plants. Both pollen and nectar are presented gradually over time in such a way as to favor traplining behavior by the bees, with many, frequent visits. In controlled environments, lifetime sugar production per flower varies among plants, …

The Effects Of Varying Light Exposure Times On The Colonization And Sporulation Of Gigaspora Margarita In The California Pepper, Mary E. Kirker

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Mary E. Kirker on July 24, 1989.

Parthenocissus Quinquefolia (L.) Planch., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Lysimachia Lanceolata Walter, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Phyla Lanceolata (Michx.) Greene, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Ligustrum Obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc., John E. E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Ligustrum Obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc., John E. E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.