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A Benchmark Study On The Thermal Conductivity Of Nanofluids, Jacopo Buongiorno, David C. Venerus, Naveen Prabhat, Thomas Mckrell, Jessica Townsend, Rebecca J. Christianson, Yuriv V. Tolmachev, Pawel Keblinski, Lin-Wen Hu, Jorge L. Alvarado, In Cheol Bang, Sandra W. Bishnoi, Marco Bonetti, Frank Botz, Anselmo Cecere, Yun Chang, Gang Chen, Haisheng Chen, Sung Jae Chung, Minking K. Chyu, Sarit K. Das, Roberto Di Paola, Yulong Ding, Frank Dubois, Grzegorz Dzido, Jacob Eapen, Werner Escher, Denis Funfschilling, Quentin Galand, Jinwei Gao, Patricia E. Gharagozloo, Kenneth E. Goodson, Jorge Gustavo Gutierrez, Haiping Hong, Mark Horton, Kyo Sik Hwang, Carlo S. Iorio, Seok Pil Jang, Andrzej B. Jarzebski, Yiran Jiang, Stephan Kabelac, Liwen Jin, Aravind Kamath, Mark A. Kedzierski, Lim Geok Kieng, Chongyoup Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Seokwon Kim, Seung Hyun Lee, Kai Choong Leong, Indranil Manna, Bruno Michel, Rui Ni, Hrishikesh E. Patel, John Philip, Dimos Poulikakos, Cecil Reynaud, Raffaele Savino, Pawan K. Singh, Pengxiang Song, Thirumalachari Sundararajan, Elena Timofeeva, Todd Tritcak, Aleksandr N. Turanov, Stefan Van Vaerenbergh, Dongsheng Wen, Sanjeeva Witharana, Chun Yang, Wei-Hsun Yeh, Xiao-Zheng Zhao, Sheng-Qi Zhou
A Benchmark Study On The Thermal Conductivity Of Nanofluids, Jacopo Buongiorno, David C. Venerus, Naveen Prabhat, Thomas Mckrell, Jessica Townsend, Rebecca J. Christianson, Yuriv V. Tolmachev, Pawel Keblinski, Lin-Wen Hu, Jorge L. Alvarado, In Cheol Bang, Sandra W. Bishnoi, Marco Bonetti, Frank Botz, Anselmo Cecere, Yun Chang, Gang Chen, Haisheng Chen, Sung Jae Chung, Minking K. Chyu, Sarit K. Das, Roberto Di Paola, Yulong Ding, Frank Dubois, Grzegorz Dzido, Jacob Eapen, Werner Escher, Denis Funfschilling, Quentin Galand, Jinwei Gao, Patricia E. Gharagozloo, Kenneth E. Goodson, Jorge Gustavo Gutierrez, Haiping Hong, Mark Horton, Kyo Sik Hwang, Carlo S. Iorio, Seok Pil Jang, Andrzej B. Jarzebski, Yiran Jiang, Stephan Kabelac, Liwen Jin, Aravind Kamath, Mark A. Kedzierski, Lim Geok Kieng, Chongyoup Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Seokwon Kim, Seung Hyun Lee, Kai Choong Leong, Indranil Manna, Bruno Michel, Rui Ni, Hrishikesh E. Patel, John Philip, Dimos Poulikakos, Cecil Reynaud, Raffaele Savino, Pawan K. Singh, Pengxiang Song, Thirumalachari Sundararajan, Elena Timofeeva, Todd Tritcak, Aleksandr N. Turanov, Stefan Van Vaerenbergh, Dongsheng Wen, Sanjeeva Witharana, Chun Yang, Wei-Hsun Yeh, Xiao-Zheng Zhao, Sheng-Qi Zhou
Jessica Townsend
This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or “nanofluids,” was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (±10% or less) about …
Effect Of Gold Content On The Reliability Of Snagcu Solder Joints, Jianbiao Pan, J. Silk, M. Powers, P. Hyland
Effect Of Gold Content On The Reliability Of Snagcu Solder Joints, Jianbiao Pan, J. Silk, M. Powers, P. Hyland
Jianbiao Pan
Electroplated Ni/Au over Cu is a popular metallization for printed circuit board finish as well as for component leads, especially wire-bondable high-frequency packages, where the gold thickness requirement for wire bonding is high. The general understanding is that less than 3 wt% of Au is acceptable in SnPb solder joints. However, little is known about the effect of Au content on the reliability of SnAgCu solder joints. The purpose of this paper is to determine the acceptable level of Au in SAC305 solder joints. Three different package platforms with different Au thicknesses were assembled on boards with two different Au …
Instability Of Electrokinetic Microchannel Flows With Conductivity Gradients, Hao Lin, Brian D. Storey, Michael H. Oddy, Chuan-Hua Chen, Juan G. Santiago
Instability Of Electrokinetic Microchannel Flows With Conductivity Gradients, Hao Lin, Brian D. Storey, Michael H. Oddy, Chuan-Hua Chen, Juan G. Santiago
Brian Storey
Electrokinetic flow is leveraged in a variety of applications, and is a key enabler of on-chip electrophoresis systems. An important sub-class of electrokinetic devices aim to pump and control electrolyte working liquids with spatial gradients in conductivity. These high-gradient flows can become unstable under the application of a sufficiently strong electric field. In this work the instability physics is explored using theoretical and numerical analyses, as well as experimental observations. The flow in a long, rectangular-cross-section channel is considered. A conductivity gradient is assumed to be orthogonal to the main flow direction, and an electric field is applied in the …
Radial Response Of Individual Bubbles Subjected To Shock Wave Lithotripsy Pulses In Vitro, Thomas J. Matula, Paul R. Hilmo, Brian D. Storey, Andrew J. Szeri
Radial Response Of Individual Bubbles Subjected To Shock Wave Lithotripsy Pulses In Vitro, Thomas J. Matula, Paul R. Hilmo, Brian D. Storey, Andrew J. Szeri
Brian Storey
Direct measurements of individual bubble oscillations in lithotripsy fields have been performed using light-scattering techniques. Studies were performed with bubble clouds in gassy water as well as single levitated bubbles in degassed water. There is direct evidence that the bubble survives the inertial collapse, rebounding several times before breaking up. Bubble dynamics calculations agree well with the observations, provided that vapor trapping (a reduction in condensation during bubble collapse) is included. Furthermore, the afterbounces are dominated by vapor diffusion, not gas diffusion. Vapor trapping is important in limiting the collapse strength of bubbles, and in sonochemical activity. © 2010 American …
Experimental And Molecular Dynamics Investigation Into The Amphiphilic Nature Of Sulforhodamine B, Baris E. Polat, Shangchao Lin, Jonathan D. Mendenhall, Brett Vanveller, Robert Langer, Daniel Blankschtein
Experimental And Molecular Dynamics Investigation Into The Amphiphilic Nature Of Sulforhodamine B, Baris E. Polat, Shangchao Lin, Jonathan D. Mendenhall, Brett Vanveller, Robert Langer, Daniel Blankschtein
Brett VanVeller
Sulforhodamine B (SRB), a common fluorescent dye, is often considered to be a purely hydrophilic molecule, having no impact on bulk or interfacial properties of aqueous solutions. This assumption is due to the high water solubility of SRB relative to most fluorescent probes. However, in the present study, we demonstrate that SRB is in fact an amphiphile, with the ability to adsorb at an air/water interface and to incorporate into sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In fact, SRB reduces the surface tension of water by up to 23 mN/m, and the addition of SRB to an aqueous SDS solution induces …