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Statistical Representation Of A Spray As A Point Process, Shankar Subramaniam Oct 2000

Statistical Representation Of A Spray As A Point Process, Shankar Subramaniam

Shankar Subramaniam

The statistical representation of a spray as a finite point process is investigated. One objective is to develop a better understanding of how single-point statistical information contained in descriptions such as the droplet distribution function ~ddf!, relates to the probability density functions ~pdfs! associated with the droplets themselves. Single-point statistical information contained in the droplet distribution function ~ddf! is shown to be related to a sequence of single surrogate-droplet pdfs, which are in general different from the physical single-droplet pdfs. It is shown that the ddf contains less information than the fundamental single-point statistical representation of the spray, which is …


Damper For Brake Noise Reduction (Brake Drums), Jonathan A. Wickert, Adnan Akay Sep 2000

Damper For Brake Noise Reduction (Brake Drums), Jonathan A. Wickert, Adnan Akay

Jonathan A. Wickert

An apparatus of reducing unwanted brake noise has a ring damper affixed around a periphery of brake drum in a drum brake system in a manner that permits relative motion and slippage between the ring damper and the brake drum when the brake drum vibrates during braking. In a preferred embodiment, the ring damper is an almost circular ring that is inserted in a groove formed in the periphery of the brake drum. The ring damper is held in place by the groove itself and by the interference pre-load or pre-tension between the ring damper and the brake drum.


An Experimental Study Of Molten Microdroplet Surface Deposition And Solidification: Transient Behavior And Wetting Angle Dynamics, Daniel Attinger, Z. Zhao, D. Poulikakos Apr 2000

An Experimental Study Of Molten Microdroplet Surface Deposition And Solidification: Transient Behavior And Wetting Angle Dynamics, Daniel Attinger, Z. Zhao, D. Poulikakos

Daniel Attinger

The basic problem of the impact and solidification of molten droplets on a substrate is of central importance to a host of processes. An important and novel such process in the area of micromanufacturing is solder jetting where microscopic solder droplets are dispensed for the attachment of microelectronic components. Despite the recent appearance of a few numerical studies focusing on the complex transient aspects of this process, no analogous experimental results have been reported to date to the best of our knowledge. Such a study is reported in this paper. Eutectic solder (63Sn37Pb) was melted to a preset superheat and …


Topography-Induced Contributions To Friction Forces Measured Using An Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscope, Sriram Sundararajan, Bharat Bhushan Jan 2000

Topography-Induced Contributions To Friction Forces Measured Using An Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscope, Sriram Sundararajan, Bharat Bhushan

Sriram Sundararajan

Most friction studies using an atomic force/friction force microscope, while concentrating on material-induced effects, often present users with conflicting and confusing interpretations of the topography-induced friction forces. It has been generally reported that topography-induced contributions are independent of scanning direction and can be removed by subtracting friction data from forward and backward scans. In this article, we present friction studies on samples with well-defined topography variations and find that the above-given statement is not generally true. At surface locations involving significant changes in topography, the topography-induced contributions to friction forces are found to be different between forward and backward scanning …


Spatial Modulation Of Repeated Vibration Modes In Rotationally Periodic Structures, M. Kim, J. Moon, Jonathan A. Wickert Jan 2000

Spatial Modulation Of Repeated Vibration Modes In Rotationally Periodic Structures, M. Kim, J. Moon, Jonathan A. Wickert

Jonathan A. Wickert

When a structure deviates from axisymmetry because of circumferentially varying model features, significant changes can occur to its natural frequencies and modes, particularly for the doublet modes that have non-zero nodal diameters and repeated natural frequencies in the limit of axisymmetry. Of technical interest are configurations in which inertia, dissipation, stiffness, or domain features are evenly distributed around the structure. Aside from the well-studied phenomenon of eigenvalue splitting, whereby the natural frequencies of certain doublets split into distinct values, modes of the axisymmetric structure that are precisely harmonic become contaminated with certain additional wavenumbers. From analytical, numerical, and experimental perspectives, …


In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study Of Electric-Field-Induced Microcracking In Single Crystal Pb(Mg1/3nb2/3)O3–Pbtio3, Z. Xu, Xiaoli Tan, P. Han, J.K. Shang Jan 2000

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study Of Electric-Field-Induced Microcracking In Single Crystal Pb(Mg1/3nb2/3)O3–Pbtio3, Z. Xu, Xiaoli Tan, P. Han, J.K. Shang

Xiaoli Tan

In this letter, we report in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of effect of a cyclic electric field on microcracking in a single crystal piezoelectric 0.66Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.34PbTiO3. A TEM heating stage was modified to permit the in situ application of an electric field on the TEM sample surface. Microcrack initiation from a fine pore under an applied cyclic electric field was directly observed in the piezoelectric single crystal. Experimental procedures for in situ TEM studies were described.