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- International Journal of Engineering Research (IJER) (27)
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Tilting Mechanism For A Four Wheeler, Dr V Balambica, Er Vishwa Deepak
Tilting Mechanism For A Four Wheeler, Dr V Balambica, Er Vishwa Deepak
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Here in this paper a tilting mechanism is carried out for a normal fuel run track car to give it the flexibility of a motor cycle. This feature enables the car to tilt in to the curve while negotiating it. Our analysis shows that to increase the maximum curve at speed by more than 50%. The method we have used is a simple mechanical tilting system controlled by a simple DC stepper motor which is controlled electronically. This tilting mechanism if successful should dramatically increase the maximum speed in curves. This should also provide the advantages of increased passenger comfort …
Application Of Design Failure Modes And Effect Analysis (Dfmea) To Vertical Roller Mill Gearbox, Gaurav J. Pawar 1 ,, Soumendu J. Mukhopadhyay 2
Application Of Design Failure Modes And Effect Analysis (Dfmea) To Vertical Roller Mill Gearbox, Gaurav J. Pawar 1 ,, Soumendu J. Mukhopadhyay 2
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Design FMEA is structured method of identifying potential failure modes and providing corrective actions before first production run occurs. This paper aims to provide probable causes of failure, levels of effects of failure and corrective actions to be taken in the design phase for BevelPlanetary Vertical Roller Mill Gearbox.
Process Parameters And Foaming Agents Used In Manufacturing Of Aluminium Metallic Foams: A Review, Sri Ram Vikas K.,, N. Raghu Ram,, Ch. Kishore Reddy,, V.V. Sridhara Raju
Process Parameters And Foaming Agents Used In Manufacturing Of Aluminium Metallic Foams: A Review, Sri Ram Vikas K.,, N. Raghu Ram,, Ch. Kishore Reddy,, V.V. Sridhara Raju
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Porous metals and metallic foams are composite materials in which one phase is gaseous and another phase is solid metal. The mechanical behavior of these materials depends mainly on the mechanical properties of the solid metallic phase, the structural configuration of the solid and the density of the composite ρc, relative to the density of the solid phase ρs. The primary distinction between a porous metal and metallic foam is the relative density, metal gas composites with a relative density (ρc/ρs) above 0.3 are generally considered porous materials, while those with a relative density below 0.3 are generally considered to …
Experimentally Study The Effects Of Fins Height And Width H\W Ratio To The Fin Thermal Performance By Natural Convections, Hazim A.M. Al-Jewaree, Osama A.M. Alhamil
Experimentally Study The Effects Of Fins Height And Width H\W Ratio To The Fin Thermal Performance By Natural Convections, Hazim A.M. Al-Jewaree, Osama A.M. Alhamil
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The industry revolution in thermal engineering started with fixed the extended surface area named a fin. Therefore, a lot off research work done in this field to enhance the performance of heat transfer . All, previous work reach to that any increase of heat transfer coefficient and the fin surface area will increase the heat transfer rate by natural convection. The research work summarized in this paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of fin heights –width (H/w) ratios on the fin performance using rectangular plate type fins. The steady-state natural convection heat transfer from vertical rectangular fins extending …
Review On The Suitability Of Conceptual Performance Measurement Systems For Lean Manufacturing, Dilanthi M. G.S
Review On The Suitability Of Conceptual Performance Measurement Systems For Lean Manufacturing, Dilanthi M. G.S
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Lean manufacturing is implemented to improve any organizational performance so that its performance should be measured to assure the organizational goal attainment. But the past studies have not yet suggested any specific performance measurement system for lean manufacturing. Therefore this paper reviews the conceptual performance measurement systems and their suitability to measure the lean performance and hence argues that a new performance measurement framework should be developed.
Strengthening Of Rc Beam And Column Joint By Using Cfrp & Gfrp, M .A Nawale, A. J. , Mehetre, . S. B. Kandekar
Strengthening Of Rc Beam And Column Joint By Using Cfrp & Gfrp, M .A Nawale, A. J. , Mehetre, . S. B. Kandekar
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
This paper will give the information about strengthening of different parameter by using CFRP & GFRP. Strengthening of existing structures has become a major part of construction activity in our country. Many civil structures are no longer safe due to increased load specifications in the design codes. The beam column joint is the crucial zone in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame. It is subjected to large forces during severe ground shaking and its behaviour has a significant influence on the response of the structure. The assumption of joint being rigid fails to consider the effects of high shear forces …
Responses Of Ka’Oje Metallurgical Manganese Ore To Gravity Concentration Techniques, R. A. Muriana
Responses Of Ka’Oje Metallurgical Manganese Ore To Gravity Concentration Techniques, R. A. Muriana
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Metallurgical manganese ore samples from Ka’oje (Nigeria) were enriched to higher Metallurgical grades during wet gravity separation techniques which included Jigging and Tabling operations. As-mined samples S1 (36.83%MnO), S2 (47.85%MnO), S3 (58.85%MnO) and S4 (54.96%MnO) were dressed and screened to -780+500 μm, -500+355μm, -355+250 μm, -250+192 μm and -192 μm particle size ranges. Obtained Jigging test concentrates assayed 51.54% MnO minimum recovery level with an enrichment ratio (ER) of 1.02; while Tabling operation concentrates assayed 91.11% MnO maximum recovery and 1.14 ER value. These responses demonstrated the suitability of the two techniques in raising the enrichment levels of the ores …
Design & Analysis Of Ø40” X 80” Conventional Sugar Mill Head Stock., Santosh Y. Salunkhe
Design & Analysis Of Ø40” X 80” Conventional Sugar Mill Head Stock., Santosh Y. Salunkhe
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Sugar mill head stock play a significant role in the sugar plant as they have to sustain the forces experienced by the rollers while extracting juice from the cane. The present analysis related to modification in sugar mill head stock Ø40”X80”. This paper describes the advantages of using Ø40”X80” mill head stocks by designing & analysis by ANSYS software. In this study theoretical study has been done considering the Bending moment & force polygon diagrams. Bending moment factor which helps in finding actual results. By changing various parameters the performance of mill head stocks is studies using static structural analysis …
Sample Size Effect On Combustion Analysis, Osueke C. O, Uguru Okorie Daniel, Aondoyila Kuhe
Sample Size Effect On Combustion Analysis, Osueke C. O, Uguru Okorie Daniel, Aondoyila Kuhe
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Engine parameters vary from one cycle to the other and this makes engine analysis with data from a single working cycle insufficient in capturing or modelling an engine behaviour. The variation observed in engine has necessitated the use sample sizes of data obtained during an engine operation to obtain results that are representative of the engine being investigated. Research has shown that the use of very large data sample size increases the storage needed and processing time and does not necessary give better results over results obtained with lesser sample sizes. The number of sample size to use for analysis …
Effects Of Heat-Treatments On Tensile Strength And Electrical Conductivity Of Locally Formulated Al-Ni Alloys, R. A. Muriana, O. K. Abubakre, S. B. Tajiri
Effects Of Heat-Treatments On Tensile Strength And Electrical Conductivity Of Locally Formulated Al-Ni Alloys, R. A. Muriana, O. K. Abubakre, S. B. Tajiri
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
This Paper investigated effects of annealing and age hardening on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and electrical conductivity of aluminium-nickel cast using sand mould. Pure aluminium melt was alloyed with nickel, which was added in 2% to 10% step 2. Annealing and age hardenings were carried out and obtained results showed that Al-2%Ni alloy has the highest UTS of 604.44MPa. On the other hand, Al-6%Ni Annealed alloy has the highest electrical conductivity, with a value of 6.15 × 107 S/m. The Al-4%Ni alloy combined both high strength and conductivity, having UTS of 603.28MPa and electrical conductivity of 5.69 × 107 …
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Of Mwcnt/ Mu-Metal/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite, C. Sarala Rubi, S. Gowthaman, N. G. Renganathan
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Of Mwcnt/ Mu-Metal/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite, C. Sarala Rubi, S. Gowthaman, N. G. Renganathan
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding material containing a blend of multi walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT) and mumetal has been prepared and their electromagnetic shielding capabilities were characterised through XRD, SEM, EDAX, etc. The shielding effectiveness (SE) was measured using vector network analyser in X-band frequency range (8-12 GHz).
Induction Hardening And Microstructure Analysis Of Micro-Alloyed Steel Roller Shaft Of An Undercarriage, S. Gajanana, B. Suresh Kumar Reddy, T. Shivendra Lohit, K. Anil Kumar Reddy, Ankur Jain
Induction Hardening And Microstructure Analysis Of Micro-Alloyed Steel Roller Shaft Of An Undercarriage, S. Gajanana, B. Suresh Kumar Reddy, T. Shivendra Lohit, K. Anil Kumar Reddy, Ankur Jain
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The current work focuses on study of input parameters of induction hardening process of micro-alloyed steel roller shaft of an Undercarriage. Regression relation is generated for hardness using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by using Design Expert Software as a tool for optimization. Further, the micro structure of selected shafts was analyzed.
Comparative Study Of The Energy Absorption Capacities Of Xps And Xpe Foam Filled Aluminium Square Tubes Under Quasi-Static Axial Compression, Suman Bargav. R, Venkataswamy. K. S, Suresh P. M
Comparative Study Of The Energy Absorption Capacities Of Xps And Xpe Foam Filled Aluminium Square Tubes Under Quasi-Static Axial Compression, Suman Bargav. R, Venkataswamy. K. S, Suresh P. M
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Quasi-static compression tests were performed on empty and foam filled Aluminium square tubes. Two different foam types: Extended Polystyrene (XPS) and Extended Polyethylene (XPE) were used to fill the empty tubes. In this paper experimental and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of foam filling on crashworthiness parameters.
Production & Process Optimization Of Micro Alloyed Steel Roller Shaft Of An Under Carriage, S. Gajanana, Kulkarni Rahul, Shreyas Gampa, Tharun Vempati, Jv Srinath
Production & Process Optimization Of Micro Alloyed Steel Roller Shaft Of An Under Carriage, S. Gajanana, Kulkarni Rahul, Shreyas Gampa, Tharun Vempati, Jv Srinath
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Manufacturing or production is one of the most important sectors of any field. It involves various steps or processes to convert raw materials into finished products. With the more precise demands of modern engineering products and competition to provide good quality, the surface finish, dimensional accuracy along with metal removal rate (MRR) plays a very important role. The selection of optimum cutting conditions (depth of cut, feed and speed) is an important element of process planning for every machining operation. In order to optimize the output parameters i.e., MRR, power consumption and surface roughness, the process variables are varied. Inspite …
Enhancement Of Performance Parameters Of Transformer Using Nanofluids, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Raja Sekhar Dondapati, Vishnu Saini, Niraj Kishore, Vicky V
Enhancement Of Performance Parameters Of Transformer Using Nanofluids, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Raja Sekhar Dondapati, Vishnu Saini, Niraj Kishore, Vicky V
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Transformer is a soul of both transmission and distribution systems. It performs low voltage to high voltage conversion in transmission lines and similarly high voltage to low voltage conversion in distribution lines. The operation of transformer is decided by the cooling provided to the system. The efficient cooling method is achieved by the use of forced (or) natural oil cooling medium. The oils used for the purpose of coolants are the hydrocarbons of paraffin (or) naphtha based petroleum products. The oil is used as coolant is made from highly refined mineral oil and it has high dielectric strength. During the …
Permeability Test Measurement Of Composite Material For Reusable Launching Vehicles (Rlv), Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Charanjit Singh, Karthik Sunil, Prudhvinath Reddy, Idris Syed Mahaboob, Dondapati, Raja Sekhar
Permeability Test Measurement Of Composite Material For Reusable Launching Vehicles (Rlv), Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Charanjit Singh, Karthik Sunil, Prudhvinath Reddy, Idris Syed Mahaboob, Dondapati, Raja Sekhar
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Polymer composites are replacing metals over the time due to their light weight, high strength to weight ratio, excellent physical and thermal properties. Hence, they are ideal candidates where weight is of particular concern. One such application is reusable launch vehicles (RLV). Use of polymer Composite materials instead of conventional metal alloys for fuel tank reduces weight of launching vehicle so that more payloads can be carried into space, thereby reducing cost per kilogram of payload. Polymer composites at room temperature show familiar properties but when they are exposed to low temperature, properties change rapidly and show abnormal behavior. Material …
Design And Optimization Of Suav Empennage, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Rajesh A, Harish G, M.S. Ganesha Prasad
Design And Optimization Of Suav Empennage, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Rajesh A, Harish G, M.S. Ganesha Prasad
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Now a days the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is getting common, as its size varies from small to large, which has good parameters like, light weight and good stability and can be used for surveillance, agriculture, and in defense as it can be controlled from ground or from other aircraft. In an UAV wing is blended with fuselage which gives lift to the UAV and the tail is also used for take-off and landing which is also gives higher stability to aircraft. It is important to design an empennage structure at lower drag and for good stability characteristics. …
Determination Of Some Physical Properties Of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) Oil, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Odesanya, K.O, Olasheu, T.I, Adebiyi, K.A, Durowoju, M.O,
Determination Of Some Physical Properties Of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) Oil, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Odesanya, K.O, Olasheu, T.I, Adebiyi, K.A, Durowoju, M.O,
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The energy crisis and shortage of fuel emanating from total dependence on mineral oil with resultant socioeconomic problems demand the need to explore the use of renewable energy as alternative. This study evaluates the physical properties Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil as alternative base oil for lubricant in auto engines. A quantity of 32 kg dried base decorticated seeds of Jatropha was locally obtained. Volume of 4 litres of Jatropha oil was extracted from the seeds using existing hydraulic press machine, while its physical properties was determined through laboratory analytical procedure of American Society for Testing and Materials analytical standard 960-52 …
The Mechanical Properties Of Ukam Fibre-Reinforced Cashew Nut Shell Resin Composite, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ibe Godwin Anwara, Dumpe Koba Barinem
The Mechanical Properties Of Ukam Fibre-Reinforced Cashew Nut Shell Resin Composite, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ibe Godwin Anwara, Dumpe Koba Barinem
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The mechanical properties of ukam fibre cashew nut shell resin composite were studied for possible structural application in engineering. Basically, the hand lay-up method was employed to manufacture the test samples of the composite by 40:60 weight ratio and testing the samples’ mechanical properties using the instron tensile machine and the izod impact machine respectively. Consequently, the experiments demonstrated that the ukam fibre reinforced cashew nut shell resin composite has a maximum tensile strength of 40.5MPa, the impact energy of 1.93J and a young tensile modulus of 1GPa. The above results indicate that ukam fibre- reinforced cashew nut shell resin …
Joints Properties Of One Side Welded Of Ship Materials With Variation Of Angle Groove, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Yustiasih Purwaningrum, Triyono No, Tri Syarifuddin, Isharyadi Di
Joints Properties Of One Side Welded Of Ship Materials With Variation Of Angle Groove, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Yustiasih Purwaningrum, Triyono No, Tri Syarifuddin, Isharyadi Di
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Indonesian National Transportation Safety Commission based on data from the period 2003-2008 and The Study for the Maritime Traffic Safety System Development Plan states that 21% of the cause of the accident was the failure of Indonesian ship in the structure of the ship (hull structure). This study aimed to investigate the effect of variations in the angle groove of one side welding. Material used is low carbon steel LR grade A in a thickness 12 mm were welded using GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) with a angle groove 20°, 40° and 60°. The physical properties examined with an optical …
Development Of Composite Material Testing Facility For Cryogenic Fuel Tank Applications, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sandeep Singh, Karthik Sunil, Prudhvinath Reddy, Idris Syed Mahaboob, Raja Sekhar Dondapati
Development Of Composite Material Testing Facility For Cryogenic Fuel Tank Applications, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sandeep Singh, Karthik Sunil, Prudhvinath Reddy, Idris Syed Mahaboob, Raja Sekhar Dondapati
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Composite materials are being used extensively in different realms of science for various applications. There use is prominent in the aerospace industry. The testing of these composite materials is of substantial importance, as they might be susceptible to failure due to the variation in the temperature ranges and the cryogenic temperatures which the materials have to endure. In the present work, the tensile strength of composite materials are observed using double walled vacuum chamber which is designed for the Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Effect Of Pipe Configurations On Air Entrainment Into A Louvered Cylindrical Pipe: A Comparison Between Open And Close Entrance Of A Pipe, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S.R. Sahu, D. P. Mishra
Effect Of Pipe Configurations On Air Entrainment Into A Louvered Cylindrical Pipe: A Comparison Between Open And Close Entrance Of A Pipe, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S.R. Sahu, D. P. Mishra
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The present numerical study was performed by solving conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy along with two equation based k-ɛ model for a louvered horizontal cylindrical pipe by finite volume method. It was found that pipe air suction increased with increase in opening area and number of nozzles for both pipe configurations. Increasing the pipe diameter made air suction more effective in pipe configuration B (open entrance of the pipe)
Cfd Simulation Of Swirling Effect In S-Shaped Diffusing Duct By Swirl Angle Of 30°, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ramazan
Cfd Simulation Of Swirling Effect In S-Shaped Diffusing Duct By Swirl Angle Of 30°, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Ramazan
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The present study involves the CFD analysis for the prediction of swirl effect on the characteristics of a steady, incompressible flow through an S-shaped diffusing duct. The curved diffuser considered in the present case has S-shaped diffusing duct having an area ratio of 1.9, length of 300 mm and turning angle of 22.5°/22.5°. The static pressure, total pressure, velocity and turbulence intensity were accounted. The improvement is observed for both, clockwise and anticlockwise swirl, the improvement being higher for clockwise swirl. Flow uniformity at the exit is more uniform for clockwise swirl at the inlet.
Experimental Investigation On Effect Of Grinding Direction On Wear Under Heavy Load And Slow Speed Conditions With Molybdenum Disulphide (Mos2) As Additive In Commercial Lubricant, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. M. Muzakkir, Harish Hirani
Experimental Investigation On Effect Of Grinding Direction On Wear Under Heavy Load And Slow Speed Conditions With Molybdenum Disulphide (Mos2) As Additive In Commercial Lubricant, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. M. Muzakkir, Harish Hirani
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
In the present work, experimental investigation has been carried out to identify the effect of grinding direction on the wear of the sliding surfaces subjected to heavy load and low sliding velocity with molybdenum disulphide MoS2 as additive in commercial lubricant. The conformal block and disk test setup has been used to conduct experiments on conformal blocks with two grinding directions: one along the direction of sliding and other across the direction of sliding. The wear of the block is measured as its weight loss after the test. The results of the experiments are reported.
Dimensional Synthesis Of Four Bar Mechanism Using Genetic Algorithm, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. S. Shete, S. A. Kulkarni
Dimensional Synthesis Of Four Bar Mechanism Using Genetic Algorithm, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. S. Shete, S. A. Kulkarni
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The dimensional synthesis is done by using Genetic Algorithm to achieve a desired trajectory. Three problems are analyzed having different curvature. The program is authored in MATLAB® 2010a. The error is seen to be in the permissible prescribed limit. The prototyping of straight line trajectory analysis is also done in ADAMS®
Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Of Solar Photovoltaic Module With The Influence Of Different Meteorological Parameters In Tripura, India., Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal
Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Of Solar Photovoltaic Module With The Influence Of Different Meteorological Parameters In Tripura, India., Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
An equation has been developed to measure the efficiency of PV module instantly, if the climatic parameters of the area are known. The measured and calculated values of efficiency are verified to check the percentage error between them. It is observed that developed equation has very correlation with the measured values.
Maintenance Free Bearings, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. M. Muzakkir, Harish Hirani
Maintenance Free Bearings, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, S. M. Muzakkir, Harish Hirani
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
In the present research work the need of a Maintenance Free Bearings (MFB) is established. The paper presents preliminary friction calculations to highlight the ways to achieve maintenance free bearings. The existing technologies of well established maintenance free bearings are described. The hybridization of bearing technologies to achieve low cost maintenance free bearings has been exemplified. Finally a combination of passive magnetic repulsion and hydrodynamics has been proposed and recommended as source terms to develop maintenance free bearings.
Influence Of Environmental Dust On The Operating Characteristics Of The Solar Pv Module In Tripura, India, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal
Influence Of Environmental Dust On The Operating Characteristics Of The Solar Pv Module In Tripura, India, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, T. Bhattacharya, A. K. Chakraborty, K. Pal
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
The production of PV power depends on different meteorological parameters. Accumulation of dust is one of the factor which reduces the output power. The recent study was done in Tripura, India and there is maximum of 13% and minimum of 9% reduction in efficiency has been observed during the period of experiment
Performance Evaluation Of Natural Ventilation Devices To Improve Thermal Comfort Of A Computer Lab Of University Building Using Cfd As A Tool, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Dipesh Kumar, Abhishek Jatav
Performance Evaluation Of Natural Ventilation Devices To Improve Thermal Comfort Of A Computer Lab Of University Building Using Cfd As A Tool, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Dipesh Kumar, Abhishek Jatav
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
Air circulation study is most important part for any building; so that engineers can optimize thermal comfort for buildings. A computer lab located in university building of Jaipur city is used in this study. Main aim of this study is to optimize computer lab for two types of conditions, first is only internal fans are in operational condition and second condition is effect of room window opening and closing. Thermal comfort parameters are used for analysis. Model equations are also generated in this steady using advanced D.O.E. (design of experiment) technique. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies were carried out by …
The Design Of Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger System For An Institute Library, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sunil Kumar Khandelwal, Anuj Mathur, G. D. Agrawal
The Design Of Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger System For An Institute Library, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Sunil Kumar Khandelwal, Anuj Mathur, G. D. Agrawal
Innovative Research Publications IRP India
-In this paper a simple Excel based mathematical model has been developed in order to design the EATHE system for the ground floor of library of the Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur for meeting a given cooling/heating load. This model helps in determining characteristic dimensions, air flow rate, number of pipes, selection of blower and economic investments in an EATHE system. A thermal comfort survey was also conducted to find the thermal comfort temperature inside the library of MNIT, which is approx 28.6 0C, quiet near to the temperature obtained through this EATHE system.