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Corrosion Of Magnesium And Aluminum In Palm Biodiesel: A Comparative Evaluation
Corrosion Of Magnesium And Aluminum In Palm Biodiesel: A Comparative Evaluation
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
The present study aims to investigate the comparative corrosion of light-weight metals such as aluminum and magnesium in palm biodiesel. Immersion test at room temperature was carried out for each metal for 1440 h. Sample characterization techniques employed include weight loss measurement, SEM (scanning electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TAN (total acid number) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Results showed that the corrosion rate of magnesium was much higher compared to that of aluminum. The surface morphology revealed a significant difference between the biodiesel exposed aluminum and magnesium specimens. Upon exposure to biodiesel, the magnesium surface was found to …
Investigation Of Friction And Wear Characteristics Of Palm Biodiesel
Investigation Of Friction And Wear Characteristics Of Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Use of biodiesel in automobile engine is creating tribology related new challenges. The present study aims to assess the friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel at different concentration level by using four-ball wear machine. The investigated fuels were biodiesel (B100), diesel (B0) and three different biodiesel blends such as B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B20, B50. Tests were conducted at 75 °C under a normal load of 40 kg for 1 h at four different speeds viz, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 rpm. Worn surfaces of the balls were examined by SEM. Results showed that wear and friction decreased …
Corrosion Mechanism Of Copper In Palm Biodiesel
Corrosion Mechanism Of Copper In Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel. However, it causes enhanced corrosion of automotive materials, especially of copper based components. In the present study, corrosion mechanism of copper was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compositional change of biodiesel due to the exposure of copper was also investigated. Corrosion patina on copper is found to be composed of Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2 and CuCO3. Dissolved O2, H2O, CO2 and RCOO- radical in biodiesel seem to be the leading factors in enhancing the corrosiveness of biodiesel. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Influence Of Ni Nanoparticle On The Morphology And Growth Of Interfacial Intermetallic Compounds Between Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Lead-Free Solder And Copper Substrate
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
This paper reports on the effects of adding Ni nanoparticles to a Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder. The nanocomposite was prepared by manual blending of SAC solder paste with various percentages of Ni particles. Results showed that the addition of Ni nanoparticles did not bring any significant change in the onset melting temperature of the solder. An increase in the weight percentage of nanoparticles in the solder caused an increase of the wetting angle and a decrease of spreading rate. Moreover, the addition of Ni nanoparticles changed the interfacial intermetallic compound morphology from a scalloped structure into a planar type structure, enhanced the …
Effects Of Reflow On The Interfacial Characteristics Between Zn Nanoparticles Containing Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Solder And Copper Substrate
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) nanoparticles on the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) between Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solder and Cu substrate during multiple reflow. Design/methodology/approach - The nanocomposite solders were prepared by manually mixing of SAC solder paste with varying amounts of Zn nanoparticles. The solder pastes were reflowed on a hotplate at 250 C for 45 s for up to six times. The actual Zn content after reflow was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The wetting behavior of the solders was characterized by analyzing the contact angles and …
Effects Of Hydroquinone And Gelatin On The Electrodeposition Of Sn-Bi Low Temperature Pb-Free Solder
Effects Of Hydroquinone And Gelatin On The Electrodeposition Of Sn-Bi Low Temperature Pb-Free Solder
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
The effects of an antioxidant, hydroquinone (HQ) and a grain refining additive, gelatin, on the electroplating characteristics of Sn-Bi alloys were investigated. Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) based plating baths with varying contents of additives were prepared and the electrochemical behavior of each bath was investigated. The combination of HQ and gelatin successfully reduces the deposition potential gap between the elements hence facilitates the co-deposition of Sn-Bi in this plating bath. Compact, adherent deposits could be obtained through the synergistic effects of these two additives. The electroplated Sn-Bi deposits showed a decrease in Bi content with increasing current density. Near eutectic …
Effects Of Reflow On The Interfacial Characteristics Between Zn Nanoparticles Containing Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Solder And Copper Substrate
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) nanoparticles on the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) between Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solder and Cu substrate during multiple reflow. Design/methodology/approach - The nanocomposite solders were prepared by manually mixing of SAC solder paste with varying amounts of Zn nanoparticles. The solder pastes were reflowed on a hotplate at 250 C for 45 s for up to six times. The actual Zn content after reflow was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The wetting behavior of the solders was characterized by analyzing the contact angles and …
Effects Of Reflow On The Interfacial Characteristics Between Zn Nanoparticles Containing Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Solder And Copper Substrate
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) nanoparticles on the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) between Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solder and Cu substrate during multiple reflow. Design/methodology/approach - The nanocomposite solders were prepared by manually mixing of SAC solder paste with varying amounts of Zn nanoparticles. The solder pastes were reflowed on a hotplate at 250 C for 45 s for up to six times. The actual Zn content after reflow was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The wetting behavior of the solders was characterized by analyzing the contact angles and …
Electrodeposition Of Lead-Free Solder Alloys
Electrodeposition Of Lead-Free Solder Alloys
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding on the electrodeposition of various lead (Pb)-free solder alloys, so that new studies can be carried out to solve processing issues. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews the available reports on the electrodeposition of tin (Sn)-based solder systems and identifies the challenges in this area. Findings - Compositional control remains a major challenge in this area, where the achievement of desired composition for binary and ternary alloys is subjected to uncertainties. The use of chelating agents in the bath and optimization of parameters can assist the achievement of near-desired …
Failure Analysis Of Superheater Tube Supports Of The Primary Reformer In A Fertilizer Factory
Failure Analysis Of Superheater Tube Supports Of The Primary Reformer In A Fertilizer Factory
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Eutectic Sn-Bi alloy is gaining considerable attention in the electronic packaging industry because of its favorable properties such as low melting temperature, good wettability, and good mechanical properties. Miniaturization of electronic devices requires small solder bumps, a few tens of micrometers in diameter. Electrodeposition is a reliable technique for the deposition of small volume of solder. This work focuses on the formation of eutectic Sn-Bi solder by reflowing a metal stack containing sequentially electrodeposited Sn and Bi layers. The effects of layering sequence on the composition and microstructure of the resulting alloy is investigated. Irrespective of the layering sequence, a …
Investigation Of Friction And Wear Characteristics Of Palm Biodiesel
Investigation Of Friction And Wear Characteristics Of Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Use of biodiesel in automobile engine is creating tribology related new challenges. The present study aims to assess the friction and wear characteristics of palm biodiesel at different concentration level by using four-ball wear machine. The investigated fuels were biodiesel (B100), diesel (B0) and three different biodiesel blends such as B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B20, B50. Tests were conducted at 75 °C under a normal load of 40 kg for 1 h at four different speeds viz, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 rpm. Worn surfaces of the balls were examined by SEM. Results showed that wear and friction decreased …
Stress Enhanced Tio2 Nanowire Growth On Ti-6al-4v Particles By Thermal Oxidation
Stress Enhanced Tio2 Nanowire Growth On Ti-6al-4v Particles By Thermal Oxidation
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowires were grown on Ti - 6wt% Al - 4wt% V (Ti64) particles by thermal oxidation. To investigate the effect of stress on nanowire growth, the particles were milled in a planetary ball mill prior to the thermal oxidation. Thermal oxidation of the Ti64 particles was carried out in a horizontal tube furnace in a controlled oxygen atmosphere in the temperature range of 700-900 °C. The oxygen concentration was varied from 20 ppm to 80 ppm in Ar atmosphere. Nanostructures were characterized by high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. TiO2 …
Synthesis And Growth Kinetics Of Spindly Cuo Nanocrystals Via Pulsed Wire Explosion In Liquid Medium
Synthesis And Growth Kinetics Of Spindly Cuo Nanocrystals Via Pulsed Wire Explosion In Liquid Medium
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
One-dimensional CuO nanocrystals with spindly structure were successfully synthesized using pulsed wire explosion technique in deionized water. By modulating the exploding medium temperature spherical Cu nanoparticles and one-dimensional CuO nanocrystals can be selectively synthesized. At low temperature (1 C) the particle growth is governed by Ostwald ripening resulting in formation of equidimensional crystals (spherical). As the exploding temperature increases (60 C), oriented aggregation in a preferential direction resulted in unique spindly nanostructure. A possible crystal growth mechanism for these nanostructures with various morphologies at different exploding temperature is proposed. Particle growth by Ostwald ripening or orientated aggregation is highly dependent …
Synthesis And Growth Kinetics Of Spindly Cuo Nanocrystals Via Pulsed Wire Explosion In Liquid Medium
Synthesis And Growth Kinetics Of Spindly Cuo Nanocrystals Via Pulsed Wire Explosion In Liquid Medium
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
One-dimensional CuO nanocrystals with spindly structure were successfully synthesized using pulsed wire explosion technique in deionized water. By modulating the exploding medium temperature spherical Cu nanoparticles and one-dimensional CuO nanocrystals can be selectively synthesized. At low temperature (1 C) the particle growth is governed by Ostwald ripening resulting in formation of equidimensional crystals (spherical). As the exploding temperature increases (60 C), oriented aggregation in a preferential direction resulted in unique spindly nanostructure. A possible crystal growth mechanism for these nanostructures with various morphologies at different exploding temperature is proposed. Particle growth by Ostwald ripening or orientated aggregation is highly dependent …
The Wear Behavior Of Cross-Linked Uhmwpe Under Dry And Bovine Calf Serum-Lubricated Conditions
The Wear Behavior Of Cross-Linked Uhmwpe Under Dry And Bovine Calf Serum-Lubricated Conditions
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of gamma radiation on the wear behavior of unirradiated and irradiated ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) against Ti-6Al-4V under dry and lubricated conditions at different applied loads. The UHMWPE specimens were exposed directly to nominal doses of 0, 25, 40, 50, and 100 kGy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the worn surface of UHMWPE and Ti-6Al-4V was performed to understand the mechanism of wear involved between the contact surfaces during wear testing. From the wear test results, there were significant differences between the wear of unirradiated UHMWPE and UHMWPE irradiated at 25, …
Nanoindentation And Micro-Mechanical Fracture Toughness Of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloy Films
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Nanocrystalline nickel-tungsten alloys have great potential in the fabrication of components for microelectromechanical systems. Here the fracture toughness of Ni-12.7 at.%W alloy micro-cantilever beams was investigated. Micro-cantilevers were fabricated by UV lithography and electrodeposition and notched by focused ion beam machining. Load was applied using a nanoindenter and fracture toughness was calculated from the fracture load. Fracture toughness of the Ni-12.7 at.%W was in the range of 1.49-5.14 MPa √m. This is higher than the fracture toughness of Si (another important microelectromechanical systems material), but considerably lower than that of electrodeposited nickel and other nickel based alloys. © 2012 Elsevier …
Nanoindentation And Micro-Mechanical Fracture Toughness Of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloy Films
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Nanocrystalline nickel-tungsten alloys have great potential in the fabrication of components for microelectromechanical systems. Here the fracture toughness of Ni-12.7 at.%W alloy micro-cantilever beams was investigated. Micro-cantilevers were fabricated by UV lithography and electrodeposition and notched by focused ion beam machining. Load was applied using a nanoindenter and fracture toughness was calculated from the fracture load. Fracture toughness of the Ni-12.7 at.%W was in the range of 1.49-5.14 MPa √m. This is higher than the fracture toughness of Si (another important microelectromechanical systems material), but considerably lower than that of electrodeposited nickel and other nickel based alloys. © 2012 Elsevier …
Degradation Of Automotive Materials In Palm Biodiesel
Degradation Of Automotive Materials In Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
As compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel is more corrosive for automotive materials. Studies on the characterization of corrosion products of fuel exposed automotive materials are scarce. Automotive fuel system and engine components are made from different ferrous and non-ferrous materials. The present study aims to investigate the corrosion products of different types of automotive materials such as copper, brass, aluminum and cast iron upon exposure to diesel and palm biodiesel. Changes in fuel properties due to exposure of different materials were also examined. Degradation of metal surface was characterized by digital camera, SEM/EDS and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fuel properties were …
Preparation And Low-Temperature Sintering Of Cu Nanoparticles For High-Power Devices
Preparation And Low-Temperature Sintering Of Cu Nanoparticles For High-Power Devices
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
One of the fundamental requirements for high-temperature electronic packaging is reliable silicon attach with low and stable electrical resistance. This paper presents a study conducted on Cu nanoparticles as an alternative lead-free interconnect material for high-temperature applications. Cu nanoparticles were prepared using pulsed wire evaporation technique in water medium. Pure Cu nanoparticles without any organic mixture were used in this paper. An economical approach to extract the nanoparticles from water was established. In situ Cu nanoparticles oxide reduction was successfully done using forming gas $({\rm N}-{2}{\hbox{-}}5\%{\rm H}-{2})$. Cross-section analysis on bonded interface shows onset of Cu nanoparticles sintering at 400$^{\circ}{\rm …
Stability Of Molybdenum Nanoparticles In Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Solder During Multiple Reflow And Their Influence On Interfacial Intermetallic Compounds
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
This work investigates the effects of molybdenum nanoparticles on the growth of interfacial intermetallic compound between Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder and copper substrate during multiple reflow. Molybdenum nanoparticles were mixed with Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder paste by manual mixing. Solder samples were reflowed on a copper substrate in a 250 °C reflow oven up to six times. The molybdenum content of the bulk solder was determined by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. It is found that upon the addition of molybdenum nanoparticles to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder, the interfacial intermetallic compound thickness and scallop diameter decreases under all reflow conditions. Molybdenum nanoparticles do not appear to …
Die Attach Properties Of Zn-Al-Mg-Ga Based High-Temperature Lead-Free Solder On Cu Lead-Frame
Die Attach Properties Of Zn-Al-Mg-Ga Based High-Temperature Lead-Free Solder On Cu Lead-Frame
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
No abstract provided.
Development Of A Compression Test Device For Investigating Interaction Between Diffusion Of Biodiesel And Large Deformation In Rubber
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Motivated by environmental and economic factors, biodiesel has been introduced to partially replace the diminishing stock of petroleum-based fuel. However, the use of biodiesel such as palm biodiesel is placing additional demands on automotive components, e.g. rubber components, due to a compatibility issue in the fuel system. In engineering applications where hostile environments are involved, the long-term mechanical response of rubber components is affected by interactions existed between diffusion of liquids into the material and fluctuating multiaxial loading. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the durability of rubber components in this aggressive environment. A number of studies on static immersion …
Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel
Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Biodiesel is currently in regular use as an alternative fuel over conventional petroleum diesel. However, corrosion of automotive materials is one of the concerns related to biodiesel compatibility issues. In addition, auto-oxidation of biodiesel can also enhance the corrosiveness of biodiesel. The present study aims to investigate inhibition effect of ethylenediamine (EDA), n-butylamine (nBA), tert-butylamine (TBA) against corrosion of cast iron. Static immersion tests in biodiesel in the presence (100 ppm) and absence of different corrosion inhibitors were carried out at room temperature for 1200 hours. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements …
Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel
Effect Of Different Corrosion Inhibitors On The Corrosion Of Cast Iron In Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Biodiesel is currently in regular use as an alternative fuel over conventional petroleum diesel. However, corrosion of automotive materials is one of the concerns related to biodiesel compatibility issues. In addition, auto-oxidation of biodiesel can also enhance the corrosiveness of biodiesel. The present study aims to investigate inhibition effect of ethylenediamine (EDA), n-butylamine (nBA), tert-butylamine (TBA) against corrosion of cast iron. Static immersion tests in biodiesel in the presence (100 ppm) and absence of different corrosion inhibitors were carried out at room temperature for 1200 hours. At the end of the test, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements …
Effects Of Co Nanoparticle Addition To Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Solder On Interfacial Structure After Reflow And Ageing
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Effects of Co nanoparticle additions to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu on the structure of solder/copper interface have been studied after reflow and high temperature ageing (150 °C, up to 1008 h). Results show that the Co nanoparticles substantially suppress the growth of Cu3Sn but enhance Cu 6Sn5 growth. Cobalt nanoparticles reduce interdiffusion coefficient in Cu3Sn. It is suggested that the Co nanoparticles undergo surface dissolution during reflow and exert their influence, at least partially, through alloying effect. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Compatibility Of Automotive Materials In Biodiesel: A Review
Compatibility Of Automotive Materials In Biodiesel: A Review
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Use of biodiesel in automobile can significantly reduce our dependence of fossil fuel and help reduce environmental pollution. However, there are concerns over the compatibility of currently used automotive materials in biodiesel. A few automobile manufacturers extended their warranty only to lower blends of biodiesel (e.g. B5). Higher blends (e.g. B50 or B100) are still not covered by warranty. In automobile fuel system, metallic materials like ferrous alloy and non-ferrous alloys, and elastomers come in contact with fuel. Biodiesel, having different chemical characteristics from diesel, can interact with materials in a different way. It can cause corrosive and tribological attack …
Degradation Of Physical Properties Of Different Elastomers Upon Exposure To Palm Biodiesel
Degradation Of Physical Properties Of Different Elastomers Upon Exposure To Palm Biodiesel
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, is gradually receiving more popularity for use in internal combustion engines. However questions continue to arise with regard to its compatibility with elastomeric materials. The present work aims to investigate the comparative degradation of physical properties for different elastomers [e.g. ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), silicone rubber (SR), polychloroprene (CR), polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) and nitrile rubber (NBR)] upon exposure to diesel and palm biodiesel. Static immersion tests in B0(diesel), B10 (10% biodiesel in diesel), B20, B50 and B100(biodiesel) were carried out at room temperature (25 °C) for 1000 h. Different physical properties like, changes in weight …
Addition Of Cobalt Nanoparticles Into Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Lead-Free Solder By Paste Mixing
Addition Of Cobalt Nanoparticles Into Sn-3.8ag-0.7cu Lead-Free Solder By Paste Mixing
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of addition Co nanoparticles on the characteristic properties of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder. Design/methodology/approach - Cobalt (Co) nanoparticles were added to Sn-Ag-Cu solders by thoroughly blending various weight percentages (0-2.0 wt%) of Co nanoparticles with near eutectic SAC387 solder paste. Blending was done mechanically for 30 min to ensure a homogeneous mixture. The paste mixture was then reflowed on a hot plate at 250°C for 45 s. The melting points of nanocomposite solder were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Spreading rate of nanocomposite was calculated following the JIS Z3198-3 standard. …
Biodiesel Feasibility Study: An Evaluation Of Material Compatibility; Performance; Emission And Engine Durability
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. In spite of having some application problems, recently it is being considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels in internal combustion engine. From scientific literatures, this paper has collected and analyzed the data on both advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel over conventional diesel. Since the aim of this study is to evaluate the biodiesel feasibility in automobiles, the first section is dedicated to materials compatibility in biodiesel as compared to that in diesel. The highest consensus …
Interfacial Reactions Between Sn-3.5 Ag Solder And Ni-W Alloy Films
Interfacial Reactions Between Sn-3.5 Ag Solder And Ni-W Alloy Films
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
Nickel based alloys are currently being investigated in an effort to develop stable barrier films between lead free solder and copper substrate. In this study, interfacial reactions between Ni-W alloy films and Sn-3.5 Ag solder have been investigated. Ni-W alloys films with tungsten content in the range of 5.0-18.0 at.% were prepared on copper substrate by electrodeposition in ammonia citrate bath. Solder joints were prepared on the Ni-W coated substrate at a reflow temperature of 250 °C. The solder joint interface was investigated by Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron back scatter diffraction. It has been …