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Methods For The Diagnosis Of Acute 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride Poisoning In Birds And The Estimation Of Secondary Hazards To Wildlife, John J. Johnston, Daniel B. Hurlbut, Michael L. Avery, Jack C. Rhyan

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Female boat-tailed grackles poisoned with 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH-exposed birds. The GC-MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH-exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC-MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. Regression analyses of consumption versus residue data indicated that the sum of breast and gastrointestinal residues can …