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Nineteenth Century Interpretations Of The Federal Contract Clause: The Transformation From Vested To Substantive Rights Against The State , James L. Kainen Jan 1982

Nineteenth Century Interpretations Of The Federal Contract Clause: The Transformation From Vested To Substantive Rights Against The State , James L. Kainen

Faculty Scholarship

During the early nineteenth century, the contract clause served as the fundamental source of federally protected rights against the state. Yet the Supreme Court gradually eased many of the restrictions on state power enforced in the contract clause cases while developing the doctrine of substantive due process after the Civil War. By the end of the nineteenth century, the due process clause had usurped the place of the contract clause as the centerpiece in litigation about individual rights. Most analyses of the history of federally protected rights against the state have emphasized the rise of substantive due process to the …


Beyond The Taking Issue: Emerging Procedural Due Process Issues In Local Landmark Preservation Programs, Samuel A. Turvey Jan 1982

Beyond The Taking Issue: Emerging Procedural Due Process Issues In Local Landmark Preservation Programs, Samuel A. Turvey

Fordham Urban Law Journal

In Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, the United States Supreme Court accorded landmark preservation full legal status. This decision left unanswered questions, one of which is the procedural due process requirements for local designation proceedings. In Historic Green Springs, Inc. v. Bergland, a U.S. District Court set aside a designation as a violation of procedural due process. This comment examines the impact of the Historic Green Springs decision, and focuses on the administration of the New York City landmarks law specifically. The comment argues that ordinances such as New York's are inadequate, and concludes that municipal bodies …


State Prohibitions On Employment Opportunities For Resident Aliens: Legislative Recommendations , Joy B. Peltz Jan 1982

State Prohibitions On Employment Opportunities For Resident Aliens: Legislative Recommendations , Joy B. Peltz

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Resident aliens in the United States are afforded important privileges, such as residing in the United States indefinitely, and seeking employment here. Nevertheless, resident aliens are denied certain job opportunities in states that require United States citizenship as a prerequisite to public employment, or professional or occupational licenses. The Constitutionality of this exclusion has been challenged on equal protection grounds, most recently, by the Supreme Court in Cabell v. Chavez-Salido. In this case, the Court upheld the constitutionality of a California statute, restricting a deputy probation officer position to United States citizens. This case has been hailed as precedent for …