Digital Commons Network^™

On Checking The Artifacts Of Canaan: A Comment On Levinson's "Confrontation", Thomas L. Shaffer

Thomas L. Shaffer

No abstract provided.

Incentives To Create Under A "Lifetime-Plus-Years" Copyright Duration: Lessons From A Behavioral Economic Analysis For Eldred V. Ashcroft, Avishalom Tor, Dotan Oliar

Avishalom Tor

In this Article, we highlight for the first time some of the significant but hitherto unrecognized behavioral effects of copyright law on individuals' incentives to create and then examine the implications of our findings for the constitutional analysis of Eldred v. Ashcroft. We show that behavioral biases - namely, individuals' optimistic bias regarding their future longevity and their subadditive judgments in circumstances resembling the extant rule of copyright duration - explain the otherwise puzzling lifetime-plus-years basis for copyright protection given to individual authors, and reveal how this regime provides superior incentives to create. Thus, insofar as the provision of increased …

Religion, Division, And The First Amendment, Richard W. Garnett

Richard W Garnett

Nearly thirty-five years ago, in Lemon v. Kurtzman, Chief Justice Warren Burger declared that state programs or policies could excessive(ly) - and, therefore, unconstitutionally - entangle government and religion, not only by requiring or allowing intrusive public monitoring of religious institutions and activities, but also through what he called their divisive political potential. Chief Justice Burger asserted also, and more fundamentally, that political division along religious lines was one of the principal evils against which the First Amendment was intended to protect. And from this Hobbesian premise about the inten(t) animating the First Amendment, he proceeded on the assumption that …

Supreme Court Wrestles With Prayer At Public Meetings, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

The Political (And Other) Safeguards Of Religious Freedom, Richard W. Garnett

Richard W Garnett

This essay is a contribution to a symposium marking the 20th anniversary of the Supreme Court’s still-controversial decision in Employment Division v. Smith. That decision, it is suggested, should not be read as reflecting or requiring hostility or indifference towards claims for legislatively enacted accommodations of religion. Smith is not an endorsement of religion-blind neutrality in constitutional law; instead, it assigns to politically accountable actors the difficult, but crucially important, task of accommodating those whose religious exercise would otherwise be burdened by generally applicable laws. The essay goes on to suggest several things that must be true of our law …

Assimilation, Toleration, And The State's Interest In The Development Of Religious Doctrine, Richard Garnett

Richard W Garnett

Thirty-five years ago, in the context of a church-property dispute, Justice William Brennan observed that government interpretation of religious doctrine and judicial intervention in religious disputes are undesirable, because when civil courts undertake to resolve [doctrinal] controversies..., the hazards are ever present of inhibiting the free development of religious doctrine and of implicating secular interests in matters of purely ecclesiastical concern. This statement, at first, seems wise and fittingly cautious, even unremarkable and obvious. On examination, though, it turns out to be intriguing, elusive, and misleading. Indeed, Justice Brennan's warning presents hazards of its own, and its premises - if …

Judicial Review, Local Values, And Pluralism, Richard W. Garnett

Richard W Garnett

At the Federalist Society's 2008 National Student Symposium, a panel of scholars was asked to consider the question, does pervasive judicial review threaten to destroy local identity by homogenizing community norms? The answer to this question is yes, pervasive judicial review certainly does threaten local identity, because such review can homogenize[e] community norms, either by dragging them into conformity with national, constitutional standards or (more controversially) by subordinating them to the reviewers' own commitments. It is important to recall, however, that while it is true that an important feature of our federalism is local variation in laws and values, it …

Formalism And Realism In Commerce Clause Jurisprudence, Barry Cushman

Barry Cushman

This Article attempts a reconceptualization of developments in Commerce Clause jurisprudence between the Civil War and World War II by identifying ways in which that jurisprudence was structurally related to and accordingly deeply influenced by the categories of substantive due process and dormant Commerce Clause doctrine. Antecedent dormant Commerce Clause jurisprudence set the terms within which Commerce Clause doctrine was worked out; coordinate developments in substantive due process doctrine set limits upon the scope of Commerce Clause formulations and thus played a critical and underappreciated role in maintaining the federal equilibrium. The subsequent erosion of those due process limitations vastly …

Direct Democracy And Hastily Enacted Statutes, John C. Nagle

John Copeland Nagle

No abstract provided.

Can We Find A Balance Between Privacy Andsecurity?, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

Hougang By-Election Case: What Court Decision On By-Election Reveals, Jack Tsen-Ta Lee

Jack Tsen-Ta LEE

The Singapore Court of Appeal’s judgment in Vellama d/o Marie Muthu v Attorney-General [2013] SGCA 39 – popularly known as the Hougang by-election case – shows that the Court sees its role as policing the margins rather than involving itself in the heart of politics. The Court held that the Government was incorrect in asserting the Constitution confers on it the discretion not to hold a by-election at all after a parliamentary seat falls vacant. The judgment came as a surprise to those used to a judicial stance fairly deferential towards the Government, but on balance the Court did accord …

Weighing One Constitutional Need Against Another, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

No Resolution In Sight In Debate On Gun-Control Laws, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

¿Por Qué Ser Monárquico En España?, Germán M. Teruel Lozano

Germán M. Teruel Lozano

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Limitations On Land Use Controls, Environmental Regulations And Governmental Exactions, 2013 Edition, Garrett Power

Garrett Power

This electronic book is published in a searchable PDF format as a part of the E-scholarship Repository of the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. It is an “open content” casebook intended for classroom use in courses in Constitutional Law, Land Use Control, and Environmental Law and. It consists of 130 odd judicial opinions (most rendered by the U.S. Supreme Court) carefully selected from the two hundred years of American constitutional history which address the clash between public sovereignty and private property. The text considers both the personal right to liberty and the personal right in property. …

Public Debt In The United States And Germany: A Constitutional Perspective, Stephen Utz

Stephen Gerard Utz

The German and American constitutional frameworks permit at best quite different approaches to legislative self-discipline regarding public debt. This article compares these frameworks in an effort to identify structural features that further or hinder long-term budgetary discipline for the two countries.

The Campaign Finance Safeguards Of Federalism, Garrick B. Pursley

Garrick B. Pursley

This article provides the first systematic account of the relationship between campaign finance and federalism. Federalism—a fundamental characteristic of the constitutional structure—depends for its stability on political mechanisms. States and their advocates and representatives in Congress, federal agencies, political parties, intergovernmental lobbying groups, and other political forums work together to check federal interference with state governments. Entire normative theories of federalism depend on the assumption that this system of political safeguards is working effectively in the background. But the federalism and constitutional theory literatures lack a rigorous account of the effects of dramatic political change on pro-federalism political dynamics. Building …

Tools To Fight Voter Suppression Still Are Needed, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

Regulating Choice: A Constitutional Law Response To Professor John A. Robertson's Children Of Choice, Ann Maclean Massie

Ann MacLean Massie

No abstract provided.

Supreme Court Takes On Tricky ‘Takings Clause’, Alan E. Garfield

Alan E Garfield

No abstract provided.

The Senate And The Recess Appointments, David Arkush

David J. Arkush

This Essay offers a new perspective on the recess appointments controversy in Noel Canning v. NLRB. First, contrary to the dominant view, the case does not present a conflict between the President and the Senate. The Senate majority likely wished to authorize the President's recess appointments, and the majority is the relevant body for the purpose of establishing Senate intent. Second, the courts should defer to the Senate's wishes rather than define the term "recess" themselves.

Dimension Of Constitutional Change (Book Review), Jonathan Marshfield

Jonathan Marshfield

It's My Party And I'Ll Do What I Want To: Political Parties, Unconstitutional Conditions, And The Freedom Of Association, Michael R. Dimino

Michael R Dimino

Desafíos Para Los Derechos De La Persona Ante El Siglo Xxi: Familia Y Religión / Sfide Per I Diritti Della Persona Nel Xxi Secolo: Famiglia E Religione / Challenges Of Individual Rights In The Xxi Century: Family And Religion, Edoardo C. Raffiotta, Antonio Pérez Miras, Germán M. Teruel Lozano

Germán M. Teruel Lozano

Facing continuous changes and evolving social contexts that are a characteristic of a pluralistic society, a law professional encounters difficulties with re-arranged traditional institutions such as family and marriage, as well as difficulties in redefining the role of religion in our societies, especially in relation to individual rights and liberties within these institutions. To address these important topics, the author reviews the approach to the study of the challenges facing the constitution, and in particular the rights of the individual, in our multicultural societies.

Desafios Para Los Derechos De La Persona Ante El Siglo Xxi: Internet Y Nuevas Tecnologías / Sfide Per I Diritti Della Persona Nel Xxi Secolo: Internet E Nuove Tecnologie / Challenges Of Individual Rights In The Xxi Century: The Internet And New Tecnologies, Germán M. Teruel Lozano, Antonio Pérez Miras, Edoardo C. Raffiotta

Germán M. Teruel Lozano

The technological advances in recent decades have had an exceptional impact on the model of society causing what can be considered a true "revolution", which is both social and cultural and economic and legal. In particular, the Internet has made possible the birth of a new "civic habitat" that creates new opportunities for people to exercise their rights and freedoms in a space that knows no boundaries or time limits. Nevertheless, the Internet may also represent a new source of risk for the individual and his rights, thus giving rise to new challenges for their protection. Therefore this work seeks …