Digital Commons Network^™

Maria Susanna Cummins' London Letters: April 1860, Heidi Lm Jacobs

Heidi LM Jacobs

Within scholarship on Maria Susanna Cummins (1827-1866), there are two recurrent phrases: "author of the best-selling novel The Lamplighter" and "little is known about her life." Despite the early contextualization of Cummins by various scholars, most of the recent critical work on Cummins has centered on her first and best-known novel, The Lamplighter (1854). Very little critical attention has been paid to Cummins's life, her career as a publishing author, her lesser known novels, her periodical publications, and her archived letters. Written in the weeks preceding the publication in the United States and Britain of her third novel, El …

Introduction: Teaching A Gendered World, Karen Sotiropoulos

Karen Sotiropoulos

Introduces some essays about infusing gender and women's history in teaching world history.

Introduction: Teaching A Gendered World, Karen Sotiropoulos

Karen Sotiropoulos

Introduces some essays about infusing gender and women's history in teaching world history.

Gender Differences In Cognitive Deficits In Schizophrenia With And Without Diabetes, Bao Hua J. Zhang, Mei Han, Xiang Yang Zhang, Li Hui, Shu Rong Jiang, Fu-De Yang, Yun Long Tan, Zhi-Ren Wang, Juan Li, Xu-Feng Huang

Xu-Feng Huang

This study investigated gender differences in cognition in schizophrenia with and without diabetes. Cognition was assessed in 263 individuals with schizophrenia with age range (40-68): 67 males and 34 females with schizophrenia with diabetes; and 125 males and 37 females with schizophrenia without diabetes according to the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels were measured. Results showed that male individuals performed worse on most cognitive tasks, especially attention, in schizophrenia with than without diabetes. This result was not observed in female individuals. Also, individuals of both genders showed higher …

Chronic Mid Portion Achilles Tendinopathy Is Not Associated With Central Sensitisation, Ian W. Skinner, James R. Debenham, Sarah Krumenachera, Max K. Bulsara, Benedict M. Wand

James Debenham

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common painful and disabling condition and current understanding of its pathophysiology is incomplete. Widespread hyperalgesia as a clinical manifestation of central sensitisation has emerged as a possible contributor to the pain state in chronic musculoskeletal injuries. Eight AT participants and eight healthy, gender, age and activity matched participants were recruited to participate in a case-controlled repeated measures study. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured with a manual electronic algometer at four sites bilaterally; tibialis anterior (TA), patella tendon (PT), common wrist extensor tendon (CWET), and first dorsal interosseous (1DI). We hypothesised a reduction in PPT …

Anarchist Motherhood: Toward The Making Of A Revolutionary Proletariat In Illinois’ Coal Towns, Caroline Waldron Merithew

Caroline Merithew

In the winter of 1900, several months before Leon Czolgosz assassinated U.S. President William McKinley for the cause of anarchy and for the love of Emma Goldman, a group of French-speaking and Italian women residing in northern Illinois’s coal-mining communities formed a club, Il Gruppo Femminile Luisa Michel, and began to put egalitarian theory into practice.

One of the women’s first acts of rebellion was a challenge to the all-male Prosperity Club – an anarchist saloon and a key venue of radical culture and activism in the region. With the help of some sympathetic members, Luisa Michel planned an assault …

Understanding First Year University Students: Personal Epistemology And Learning, Sue Walker, Joanne Brownlee, Sandra Lennox, Beryl Exley, Kerry Howells, Fiona Cocker

Sandra Lennox

Whilst participation in higher education has increased dramatically over the last two decades, many universities are only now beginning to pay more attention to the learning experiences of first year students. It is important for universities to understand how first year students conceive of learning and knowing in order to promote effective approaches to learning. Even though an extensive body of research demonstrates that beliefs about learning and knowing influence student approaches to learning and learning outcomes, there has been no Australian research that has investigated this critical learner characteristic across first year university students.

This paper reports on preliminary …

If Only They Would Listen: The Lifeworld Of Academically Advanced Elementary Students, Katrina Eddles-Hirsch

Katrina Eddles-Hirsch

This study explored the lifeworld of six academically advanced elementary students in a school environment suited to their atypical needs. A phenomenological theoretical framework was used to discover the experiences of one female and one male from each of the year 4, 5, and 6 extension classes. The voices of the children themselves and their perspective of the benefits and disadvantages of attending a specialised school were heard through the phenomenological approach in this study. Differences between the genders rather than levels of giftedness were found to be the salient characteristics affecting the results of this study. Themes that emerged …

Who’S Afraid Of Katniss Everdeen?: How Fictional Female Characters Inspire New Visions Of Substantive Gender Equality, Susan Brody, Kim Chanbonpin

Susan L. Brody

No abstract provided.

Sources Of Gender Difference In Rural To Urban Migration In Kenya: Does Human Capital Matter?, Richard U. Agesa, Jacqueline Agesa

Jacqueline Agesa

Using data from Kenya this article estimates the urban to rural gender gap in the rate of migration and then decomposes the gap into the explained portion and the portion due to gender differences in coefficients. The former is further decomposed to unveil the relative influence of each explanatory variable on the explained portion of the gender gap in the rate of migration. A non-trivial finding suggests that human capital variables may exert the strongest influence on gender differences in migration, partially explaining the higher incidence of male migration.

Artful Lives: The Francis Watts Lee Family And Their Times, Patricia Fanning

Patricia J. Fanning

Francis Watts Lee and his family hold a special place in the history of American photography. F. Holland Day completed a series of remarkable photographs of Lee’s daughter Peggy, and the striking portrait of the child and her mother titled Blessed Art Thou among Women is one of Gertrude Käsebier’s most iconic compositions. In Artful Lives, Patricia J. Fanning uses these and other significant images as guideposts to explore the Lee family and the art and culture of their age.

A social reform advocate, Francis Watts Lee was an artistic photographer and a talented printer, part of the circle …

Pediatrician Or Professional Athlete? Gender, Ethnicity, And Occupational Aspirations Of Urban Adolescents, Alan Davis

Alan Davis

This study compared the occupational aspirations of beginning high school students by gender and ethnicity, and examined the relationship between the educational demands of the occupations desired by students and their academic performance before and after entering high school. Desired occupations were obtained from 662 entering 9th-grade students in a large urban district, and linked to General Educational Demand ratings and to student grades. Young women were more likely than young men to aspire to professional occupations and to occupations requiring more education. The educational demands associated with students' aspirations accounted for about 3% of variance in grades. Educational demands …

Patients' Use Of The Internet For Medical Information., Joseph Diaz, Rebecca Griffith, James Ng, Steven Reinert, Peter Friedmann, Anne Moulton

Peter D. Friedmann MD

OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of patients enrolled in a primary care practice who use the Internet for health information, to describe the types of information sought, to evaluate patients' perceptions of the quality of this information, and to determine if patients who use the Internet for health information discuss this with their doctors. DESIGN: Self-administered mailed survey. SETTING: Patients from a primary care internal medicine private practice. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected patients ( N=1,000) were mailed a confidential survey between December 1999 and March 2000. The response rate was 56.2%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 512 patients who returned …

Patients' Use Of The Internet For Medical Information., Joseph Diaz, Rebecca Griffith, James Ng, Steven Reinert, Peter Friedmann, Anne Moulton

Peter D. Friedmann MD

OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage of patients enrolled in a primary care practice who use the Internet for health information, to describe the types of information sought, to evaluate patients' perceptions of the quality of this information, and to determine if patients who use the Internet for health information discuss this with their doctors. DESIGN: Self-administered mailed survey. SETTING: Patients from a primary care internal medicine private practice. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected patients ( N=1,000) were mailed a confidential survey between December 1999 and March 2000. The response rate was 56.2%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 512 patients who returned …

Parole Officer-Parolee Relationships And Hiv Risk Behaviors During Community Supervision., Traci Green, Jennifer Johnson, Magdalena Harrington, Enrique Pouget, Anne Rhodes, Faye Taxman, Daniel O'Connell, Steven Martin, Michael Prendergast, Peter Friedmann

Peter D. Friedmann MD

We tested if good parole officer (PO)-parolee relationships reduce HIV risk behaviors during parole, as they do for risk of rearrest. Analyses used data from 374 parolees enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Past month HIV risk behaviors were assessed by interview at baseline, 3- and 9-months after parole initiation. The Working Alliance Inventory and the Dual-Role Relationships Inventory measured PO relationship. Gender-stratified multivariate regressions tested associations of PO-parolee relationship with sex with multiple partners, unprotected sex with risky partner(s), and drug injection. Women parolees (n = 65) who reported better PO relationship characteristics were less likely to report having …

Limiting Options: Sex Ratios, Incarceration Rates, And Sexual Risk Behavior Among People On Probation And Parole., Traci Green, Enrique Pouget, Magdalena Harrington, Faye Taxman, Anne Rhodes, Daniel O'Connell, Steven Martin, Michael Prendergast, Peter Friedmann

Peter D. Friedmann MD

BACKGROUND: To investigate how incarceration may affect risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, we tested associations of ex-offenders' sexual risk behavior with the male-female sex ratio and the male incarceration rate. METHODS: Longitudinal data from 1287 drug-involved persons on probation and parole as part of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies were matched by county of residence with population factors, and stratified by race/ethnicity and gender. Generalized estimating equations assessed associations of having unprotected sex with a partner who had HIV risk factors, and having >1 sex partner in the past month. RESULTS: Among non-Hispanic black …

Hcv In Incarcerated Populations: An Analysis Of Gender And Criminality On Risk., Anne Rhodes, Faye Taxman, Peter Friedmann, Karen Cropsey

Peter D. Friedmann MD

While studies have explored the prevalence and correlates for hepatitis C (HCV) infection in substance-using and incarcerated populations these studies have not examined the attributes of criminal histories for those with HCV infection. This study examines the HCV infection rate as it relates to criminal risk factors using baseline data from a randomized trial of re-entering offenders and examines how these risk factors vary by gender. The HCV-positive population had a longer amount of time in confinement (105 vs. 61 months) than those who tested negative. HCV positive men were more likely to currently be receiving drug treatment than women. …

Gender And Treatment Response In Substance Use Treatment-Mandated Parolees., Jennifer Johnson, Peter Friedmann, Traci Green, Magdalena Harrington, Faye Taxman

Peter D. Friedmann MD

Well-controlled, randomized studies of correctional interventions examining gender effects are rare. This study examined gender main effects and gender x treatment interactions in a multisite randomized trial (N = 431) comparing a new form of correctional supervision for drug-involved offenders (collaborative behavioral management [CBM]) to standard parole. Outcomes included repeated measures of yes/no use of primary drug, alcohol use, and recidivism during 9 months postrelease. Generalized estimating equation analyses indicated that despite using harder drugs at baseline, women were less likely than men to use their primary drug and to use alcohol during the follow-up period. No gender-related differences in …

Gender Differences In Comorbid Disorders Among Offenders In Prison Substance Abuse Treatment Programs., Caron Zlotnick, Jennifer Clarke, Peter Friedmann, Mary Roberts, Stanley Sacks, Gerald Melnick

Peter D. Friedmann MD

This study examined gender differences in a range of lifetime psychiatric disorders in a sample of 272 offenders newly admitted to a prison substance abuse program. Although these men and women did not differ in severity of substance use in the six months prior to incarceration, women were significantly more likely than men to report a lifetime psychiatric disorder and a lifetime severe disorder. Furthermore, gender differences emerged in the pattern of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Women reported greater lifetime major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorder, and borderline personality disorder; men were more likely than women to meet criteria for …

Attributions Of Responsibility For Addiction: The Effects Of Gender And Type Of Substance., Christina Hatgis, Peter Friedmann, Morton Wiener

Peter D. Friedmann MD

In 1997, 248 urban university students in central Massachusetts rated responsibility for addiction using the Attributions of Responsibility for Addiction Scale (ARAS), developed for this study with university-based financial support. The vignette-based factorial design varied sex of drug user and type of addictive substance. Factor analysis yielded two subscales: internal and external responsibility attributions; the dependent variable was the internal-to-external attribution ratio. Analysis of variance indicated main effects for substance type and drug abuse experience and showed interaction effects for participant's sex by user's sex and user's sex by substance type. Authors discuss implications, study limitations, and future research.

Development And Validation Of A Preprocedural Risk Score To Predict Access Site Complications After Peripheral Vascular Interventions Based On The Vascular Quality Initiative Database, Daniel Ortiz, Maharaj Singh, Arshad Jahangir, Suhail Allaqaband, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Mark W. Mewissen

Arshad Jahangir, MD

Purpose

Access site complications following peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) are associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. Prediction of access site complication risk may optimize PVI care; however, there is no tool designed for this. We aimed to create a clinical scoring tool to stratify patients according to their risk of developing access site complications after PVI.

Methods

The Society for Vascular Surgery’s Vascular Quality Initiative database yielded 27,997 patients who had undergone PVI at 131 North American centers. Clinically and statistically significant preprocedural risk factors associated with in-hospital, post-PVI access site complications were included in a multivariate logistic regression …

Validation Of The Swedish Translation Of The General Self-Efficacy Scale, Jesper Löve, Crystal Moore, Gunnel Hensing

Crystal Moore

Purpose

To study the internal consistency, factorial structure, and convergent validity of the Swedish translation of the General Self-Efficacy scale (S-GSE).

Methods

The S-GSE and two items on mental and physical work capacity were completed by a randomized population cohort (n = 4,027) and two cohorts (n = 3,310 and n = 498) of incident cases of sick-leave (>14 days).

Results

S-GSE means were higher among men than women in two of the cohorts and higher in the randomized population cohort than in the two sick-leave cohorts. Internal consistency was high with α = .90. Unidimensionality was …

Predicting Self-Protection Against Sexual Assault In Dating Relationships Among Heterosexual Men And Women, Gay Men, Lesbians, And Bisexuals, Caroline Waterman, Crystal Moore

Crystal Moore

To measure self-protective behavior on dates, the Dating Self-Protection Against Rape Scale (DSPARS) was developed. The relationship among previous sexual victimization, self-perceived risk for sexual assault, rape awareness education, gender of dating partner, and DSPARS scores was assessed among 152 college students. Results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed.

Myth: Hard Work And Credentials Determine Employment Opportunities

Alev Dudek

Newspaper Theft, Self-Preservation And The Dimensions Of Censorship, Erik Ugland, Jennifer Lambe

Erik Ugland

One of the most common yet understudied means of suppressing free expression on college and university campuses is the theft of freely-distributed student publications, particularly newspapers. This study examines news accounts of nearly 300 newspaper theft incidents at colleges and universities between 1995 and 2008 in order to identify the manifestations and consequences of this peculiar form of censorship, and to augment existing research on censorship and tolerance by looking, not at what people say about free expression, but at what they do when they have the power of censorship in their own hands. Among the key findings is that …

The Second Woman In The Theater Of Villedieu, Nina Ekstein

Nina C Ekstein

Best known for her prose fiction, Marie-Catherine Desjardins de Villedieu was also a successful playwright. Her three tragi-comedies (Manlius, Nitétis, and Le Favori), while significantly dissimilar in many respects, share an unusual feature. All three plays foreground the figure of the second woman, second because her role is clearly less central to the play's action than that of another woman character. In each case, the relationships between this second woman and the other characters of the play defy the traditional categories of the seventeenth-century stage. Furthermore, the second woman is not an object of desire. The differences between the first …

Clinical Approach To Non-Responsive Pneumonia Diagnosed In The Primary Care Office: A Retrospective Feasibility Study, O Olowoyeye, Kiley Bernhard, Dennis Baumgardner

Dennis Baumgardner

Background/significance: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is commonly diagnosed in the primary clinical setting and often successfully treated. Treatment failures occur in 6-7% of patients treated in the ambulatory setting. However, the management of non-responsive pneumonia has been poorly studied and is not clearly understood.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility of use of the Aurora data warehouse to characterize clinical features and clinician approach to NRP.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of medical records taken from the Aurora Health Care database based on ICD9 codes for pneumonia (codes 480-486). Patient visits from 10/5/2006 to …

Assessment Of Resident Knowledge And Comfort With Menopause And Openness To Integrative Therapies: The Short Term Impact Of Evidence Based Menopause Hand-Out, H Handler, Kiley Bernhard, Dennis Baumgardner

Dennis Baumgardner

Background/significance: Residents may not receive adequate training regarding menopause, may not be open to integrative therapies, or may prefer conventional therapies despite adequate evidence for the former. Purpose: To assess resident knowledge, comfort and confidence with menopause and their openness to integrative treatments and determine the short term impact of a patient hand-out. Methods: We developed an integrative evidence-based patient menopause hand-out, then distributed a survey to 8 OBGYN and 14 Family Medicine residents before and after respondents read it. The survey assessed factual knowledge of menopause (5 items) and asked 4 Likert scale questions regarding comfort, confidence and openness …

Relationships Among Transformational And Transactional Leadership Styles, Role Pressures, Stress Levels, And Coping Resources In Senior Queensland Catholic Education Executives, Lynette Hand, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

There is considerable research available on general organizational leadership but limited research in relation to religious educational organizations and the leadership styles of executive staff. The Queensland Catholic Education (QCE) executives are thought to emphasize transformational more than transactional leadership styles but little information is available on the relationships of these styles to stress within the faith-based organizations, and to the role stressors faced and levels of coping resources. This paper reports on a study of 136 QCE executive leaders (of the total 220 executives) relating leadership styles adopted, strain (stress) experienced, personal coping resources, and selected role stressors (role …

A Woman Of Her Time: Dr. Frances Woods And The Intersection Of War, Expansionism And Equal Rights, Lisa Lindell

Lisa R. Lindell

'Started to Manila', headlined the Oregonian newspaper on 18 August 1898, 'Two Portland Nurses Take Their Leave.' Dr. Frances Woods, along with fellow Portland, Oregon resident Lena Killiam, was on her way to the Philippines to serve in the Spanish-American War. Eager to take part, but knowing she would never be allowed to go as a woman doctor, Dr. Woods grasped the option of volunteering as a nurse. 'I feel just as patriotic and earnest as a man', she declared. 'But, you know, they have a way of turning aside lady physicians and giving men the first chances to go …