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Articles 1 - 30 of 100
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Women’S Oral Health: Why Sex/Gender Matter, Linda C. Niessen, Gretchen Gibson, Taru H. Kinnunen
Women’S Oral Health: Why Sex/Gender Matter, Linda C. Niessen, Gretchen Gibson, Taru H. Kinnunen
Linda Niessen
No abstract provided.
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale And Passive Avoidance Learning: A Validation Study Of Race And Gender Effects , M. Epstein, Norman Poythress, K. Brandon
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale And Passive Avoidance Learning: A Validation Study Of Race And Gender Effects , M. Epstein, Norman Poythress, K. Brandon
Norman Poythress
SRPS; psychopathy; gender; race; validity; passive avoidance errors; trait anxiety; intelligence
Loading Rate In Self-Initiated Vertical Jump Landings: Developmental And Gender Comparisons, Pamela Russell, Erik Swartz, Ron Croce, Laura Decoster
Loading Rate In Self-Initiated Vertical Jump Landings: Developmental And Gender Comparisons, Pamela Russell, Erik Swartz, Ron Croce, Laura Decoster
Pamela J. Russell
The study compared gender and developmental differences in vertical loading rate upon a two-footed landing from a self-initiated VJ. Fifty-seven subjects grouped by age (pre-pubescent (8-11 yrs); post-pubescent (19-29 yrs)) and gender consented to participate. Subjects jumped for a ball set at 50% of their maximum VJ height, and landed on two feet, facing forward, with only their dominant foot on the force plate. Motion analysis (3-D) and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected. Statistical analyses indicated significant developmental differences in vertical loading rate normalized to kinetic energy, but no gender differences. Children may have higher loading rates because …
The Influence Of Gender, Anxiety And Food Cravings On Alcohol Use Within A University Population, Jaques Marissa, Peta Stapleton
The Influence Of Gender, Anxiety And Food Cravings On Alcohol Use Within A University Population, Jaques Marissa, Peta Stapleton
Peta B. Stapleton
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, anxiety and food cravings on alcohol use within a university population. University students (N = 150) completed a survey containing a demographic questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Food Cravings Inventory. Results revealed gender was a significant predictor of alcohol use in university students, with males reporting greater levels of alcohol consumption than females. Food cravings were also observed to be a significant predictor of alcohol use in university students, independent of gender. Unexpectedly, state and trait anxiety failed to significantly predict …
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
James M. Diefendorff
(Hochschild 1983) coined the term status shield to theorize men’s status-based protection from the emotional abuses of working in a service job and hence their diminished need to manage emotions as compared to women. Extending this concept, the current study examines how gender operates not merely to shield men from emotional labor on the job but to also shape the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Using survey data collected from 730 registered nurses (667 women and 63 men) at a large Midwestern hospital system in the U.S., we show that in addition to engaging in less emotional labor …
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
Examining Men’S Status Shield And Status Bonus: How Gender Frames The Emotional Labor And Job Satisfaction Of Nurses, Marci Cottingham, Rebecca Erickson, James Diefendorff
Rebecca J. Erickson
(Hochschild 1983) coined the term status shield to theorize men’s status-based protection from the emotional abuses of working in a service job and hence their diminished need to manage emotions as compared to women. Extending this concept, the current study examines how gender operates not merely to shield men from emotional labor on the job but to also shape the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Using survey data collected from 730 registered nurses (667 women and 63 men) at a large Midwestern hospital system in the U.S., we show that in addition to engaging in less emotional labor …
The Diversity Challenge: Exploring The "Invisible College" Of International Arbitration, Susan Franck
The Diversity Challenge: Exploring The "Invisible College" Of International Arbitration, Susan Franck
Susan D. Franck
As diversity can affect the perceived legitimacy of a state’s dispute resolution system and the quality of judicial decisions, diversity levels in the national bench and bar have been an area of transnational concern. By contrast, little is known about diversity of adjudicators and counsel in international arbitration. With a lack of accurate, complete, and publicly available data about international arbitrators and practitioners, speculation about membership in the “invisible college” of international arbitration abounds. Using data from a survey of attendees at the prestigious and elite biennial Congress of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration permitted one glimpse into the …
Predictors Of Adolescent Male Body Image Dissatisfaction: Implications For Negative Health Practices And Consequences For School Health From A Regionally Representative Sample, James Leone, Joyce Fetro, Mark Kittleson, Kathleen Welshimer, Julie Partridge, Stacia Robertson
Predictors Of Adolescent Male Body Image Dissatisfaction: Implications For Negative Health Practices And Consequences For School Health From A Regionally Representative Sample, James Leone, Joyce Fetro, Mark Kittleson, Kathleen Welshimer, Julie Partridge, Stacia Robertson
Mark J Kittleson
BACKGROUND: Adolescent males are more likely to sustain intentional and unintentional injuries, be involved in a physical confrontation, and be successful in suicide attempts. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) has been linked as a possible contributing factor to these negative health behaviors and risks; however, research is limited with males. The interaction of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social variables in a holistic model has yet to be explored for males. Variables precipitating adolescent males to develop an unhealthy body image and act on negative health behaviors, such as body image drug use, were the impetus for this study. METHODS: A randomized cross-sectional …
The Faith And Rationality Of Dalit Christian Experience, Mathew Schmalz
The Faith And Rationality Of Dalit Christian Experience, Mathew Schmalz
Mathew Schmalz
No abstract provided.
Gender Differences In The Development Of Uremic Cardiomyopathy Following Partial Nephrectomy: Role Of Progesterone, Christopher Drummond, George Buddny, Steven Haller, Jiang Liu, Yanling Yan, Zijian Xie, Deepak Malhotra, Joseph Shapiro, Jiang Tian
Gender Differences In The Development Of Uremic Cardiomyopathy Following Partial Nephrectomy: Role Of Progesterone, Christopher Drummond, George Buddny, Steven Haller, Jiang Liu, Yanling Yan, Zijian Xie, Deepak Malhotra, Joseph Shapiro, Jiang Tian
Zijian Xie
Gender difference has been suggested as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular and renal diseases in humans and experimental animals. As a major sex hormone, progesterone was reported to compete with cardiotonic steroid binding to Na/K-ATPase. Our previous publication demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids (e.g., marinobufagenin) play an important role in the development of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy. We also observed that the putative mineralocorticoid antagonists, spironolactone and its major metabolite canrenone, antagonize binding of cardiotonic steroids to Na/K-ATPase in a competitive manner and also ameliorate experimental uremic cardiomyopathy induced by partial nephrectomy. In the following studies, we noted that progesterone displayed …
Computational Analysis Of The Body In European Fairy Tales, Scott Weingart, Jeana Jorgensen
Computational Analysis Of The Body In European Fairy Tales, Scott Weingart, Jeana Jorgensen
Jeana Jorgensen
This article explores how digital humanities research methods can be used to analyze the representations of gendered bodies in European fairy tales, a flexible and pervasive genre that has influenced Western children's education and acquisition of gender identity for centuries. By blending the theoretical and methodological concerns of folkloristics, gender studies, and large-scale scientific research, this article demonstrates the utility of cross-disciplinary collaboration in asking traditional questions of traditional materials with new methods. To facilitate this research, a hand-coded database listing every reference to a body or body part in the 233 fairy tales was created. Analysis revealed strong indications …
Understanding ‘The Body’ In Fairy Tales, Scott Weingart, Jeana Jorgensen
Understanding ‘The Body’ In Fairy Tales, Scott Weingart, Jeana Jorgensen
Jeana Jorgensen
Computational analysis and feminist theory generally aren’t the first things that come to mind in association with fairy tales. This unlikely pairing, however, can lead to important insights regarding how cultures understand and represent themselves. For example, by looking at how characters are described in European fairy tales, we’ve been able to show how Western culture tends to bias the younger generation, especially the men. While that result probably won’t shock anyone more than passingly familiar with the Western world, the method of reaching these results allows us to look at cultural biases in a new light. Our study and …
Mississippi Front-Line Recovery Work After Hurricane Katrina: An Analysis Of The Intersections Of Gender, Race, And Class In Advocacy, Power Relations, And Health, Lynn Weber, Deanne Messias
Mississippi Front-Line Recovery Work After Hurricane Katrina: An Analysis Of The Intersections Of Gender, Race, And Class In Advocacy, Power Relations, And Health, Lynn Weber, Deanne Messias
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
Symposium: On West And Fenstermaker's "Doing Difference", Lynn Weber
Symposium: On West And Fenstermaker's "Doing Difference", Lynn Weber
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
Response To Maines, Lynn Weber
A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class, Gender, And Sexuality, Lynn Weber
A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class, Gender, And Sexuality, Lynn Weber
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
Race And Class Bias In Qualitative Research On Women, Lynn Weber, E. Higginbotham, M. Leung
Race And Class Bias In Qualitative Research On Women, Lynn Weber, E. Higginbotham, M. Leung
Lynn Weber
No abstract provided.
Evidence-Based Hiv Pilot Program For Chinese College Students: Differences By Gender, Wei-Chen Tung, Teresa Serratt, Minggen Lu
Evidence-Based Hiv Pilot Program For Chinese College Students: Differences By Gender, Wei-Chen Tung, Teresa Serratt, Minggen Lu
Teresa Serratt
This study explored gender differences in the effectiveness of the translated VOICES (Video Opportunities for Condom Education and Safer Sex) intervention on the condom use intention, perceived benefits and barriers to condom use, condom use self-efficacy, and HIV/ AIDS knowledge among Chinese students in a US university. We utilized a pretest/post-test quasi-experimental design and recruited 67 Chinese students at the local university. Participants viewed a 20-min video with Chinese subtitles, attended one 25-min small group discussion and condom interactive educational activity. Female participants showed significantly greater mean scores of perceived benefits and condom use self-efficacy, in comparison with male participants. …
Mi Mama Es Bonito: Acquisition Of Spanish Gender By Native English Speakers, Scott Alvord, Lisa Mccowen
Mi Mama Es Bonito: Acquisition Of Spanish Gender By Native English Speakers, Scott Alvord, Lisa Mccowen
Scott M Alvord
For an adult, learning a second language can be a complex and demanding task. Differences between one’s native language and the target language can contribute to the complexity of the task. One significant way in which languages can differ is the system of gender. The difference between gender in English and Spanish provides a challenge for adult native English speakers learning Spanish as a second language. The aim of the current study is to examine gender marking on a variety of tasks by adult NS of English as beginning learners of Spanish, with hopes that such examination will provide insight …
Family Wages: The Roles Of Wives And Mothers In U.S. Working-Class Survival Strategies, 1880-1930, Ileen Devault
Family Wages: The Roles Of Wives And Mothers In U.S. Working-Class Survival Strategies, 1880-1930, Ileen Devault
Ileen A DeVault
The common image of a female wage earner in the U.S. in the decades around the turn of the 20th century is that of a young, single woman: the daughter of her family. However, the wives and mothers of these families also made important economic contributions to their families' economies. This paper argues that we need to rethink our evaluation of the economic roles played by ever-married women in working-class families. Using a range of government reports as well as IPUMS, I document three ways in which working-class wives and mothers strove to bring cash into their family units: through …
Beyond Exile: The Ramayana As A Living Narrative Among Indo-Fijians In Fiji And New Zealand, Kevin Miller
Beyond Exile: The Ramayana As A Living Narrative Among Indo-Fijians In Fiji And New Zealand, Kevin Miller
Kevin C. Miller
Drawing on the themes of collective memory, cultural ideologies, and narrative constructions, this chapter proposes to examine the narrative of the Ramayana epic, its exegesis through performance, and its continued relevance to identity formation among Indo-Fijian Hindus both within Fiji and its Pacific Rim diaspora. Based on the recasting of the “twice-migrated” Indo-Fijian as the “twice-banished” by certain observers, we might expect the meaning of the Ramayana in the lives of Indo-Fijian Hindus in New Zealand to shift towards the theme of Rama’s exile, just as it did for the indentured laborers who made the original journey to Fiji. Nevertheless, …
Real Men, Luke A. Boso
Real Men, Luke A. Boso
Luke A. Boso
Men experience discrimination every day at work and at school because they fail to look or behave like real men. Most courts now hold that men can prove sex discrimination by presenting evidence that the defendant harassed or bullied the plaintiff because he fails to conform to sex stereotypes. But judges in these cases are reluctant to find that defendants intended to discriminate “because of sex,” which is required to state a valid claim under statutory anti-discrimination law. Instead, judges routinely grant defendants’ motions for summary judgment and to dismiss based on little more than their own ideas about what …
Incorporating Information From Neuroscience And Endocrinology Regarding Sexual Orientation Into Social Work Education, Jill Littrell
Incorporating Information From Neuroscience And Endocrinology Regarding Sexual Orientation Into Social Work Education, Jill Littrell
jill l littrell Dr.
The brains of heterosexual males and heterosexual females are different. Moreover, the brains of gay men are similar to heterosexual females whereas the brains of lesbians are similar to heterosexual males. Neuroscience research supporting these postulates is reviewed. The gestational processes that might explain the differences in brain structure and function corresponding with gender are reviewed. Following a discussion of the physiological bases for sexual orientation, a discussion of the physiological bases for the expression of gender related traits and a discussion of factors contributing to sexual identity are provided. Throughout the article, alternative ways to think about gender are …
Race, Gender, And Work/Family Policy, Nancy Dowd
Race, Gender, And Work/Family Policy, Nancy Dowd
Nancy Dowd
Family leave is not an end in itself, but rather is part of a much bigger picture: work/family policy. The goal of work/family policy is to achieve a good society by supporting families. Ideally, families enable children to develop to their fullest capacity and to contribute to their communities and society. Public rhetoric in the United States has always strongly supported families. Our policies, however, have not. In the area of work/family policy, the United States continues to lag behind every other advanced industrialized country, as well as many developing countries, in the degree to which we provide affirmative support …
Unbending Gender: Why Family And Work Conflict And What To Do About It (Panel Two: Who's Minding The Baby?), Nancy Dowd, Adrienne Davis, Marion Crain, Bonnie Dill, Catherine Ross, Joan Williams
Unbending Gender: Why Family And Work Conflict And What To Do About It (Panel Two: Who's Minding The Baby?), Nancy Dowd, Adrienne Davis, Marion Crain, Bonnie Dill, Catherine Ross, Joan Williams
Nancy Dowd
A central characteristic of our current gender arrangements is that they pit ideal worker women against marginalized caregiver women in a series of patterned conflicts I call gender wars. One version of these are the mommy wars that we see often covered in the press between employed mothers and mothers at home. Employed mothers at times participate in the belittlement commonly felt by homemakers. Also mothers at home, I think, at times participate in the guilt-tripping that's often felt by mothers who are employed. These gender wars are a central but little understood characteristic of the gender system that grew …
Gender And Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis, Alice Eagly, Blair Johnson
Gender And Leadership Style: A Meta-Analysis, Alice Eagly, Blair Johnson
Blair T. Johnson
No abstract provided.
Maths + Confidence = Higher Scores For Boys, Sue Thomson, Lisa De Bortoli
Maths + Confidence = Higher Scores For Boys, Sue Thomson, Lisa De Bortoli
Lisa De Bortoli
Teenage boys outperform Australian girls in mathematics by the equivalent of about one-third of a school year, according to the latest PISA survey, as Sue Thomson and Lisa De Bortoli explain.
Workforce Diversity In The It Profession: Recognizing And Resolving The Shortage Of Women And Minority Employees, Mike Gallivan, Monica Adya, Manju Ahuja, Peter Hoonakker, Amy Woszczynski
Workforce Diversity In The It Profession: Recognizing And Resolving The Shortage Of Women And Minority Employees, Mike Gallivan, Monica Adya, Manju Ahuja, Peter Hoonakker, Amy Woszczynski
Monica Adya
There is growing evidence of another impending skills shortage of IT professionals, with a significant contributor being the underrepresentation of women and minorities in the IT workforce (Office of Technology Policy, 1999; Freeman & Aspray, 1999). There are claims that if minorities and women were included in the IT workforce at rates close to their representation in the general population, this shortage could be ameliorated or resolved entirely. Moreover, achieving a greater representation of women and minority employees in the IT workforce may enhance creativity, performance and product markets (Panteli et al., 2001). Women and minorities are underrepresented in the …
Stressor-Induced Increase In Muscle Fatigability Of Young Men And Women Is Predicted By Strength But Not Voluntary Activation, Manda Keller-Ross, Hugo Pereia, Jaclyn Pruse, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Kristy Nielson, Sandra Hunter
Stressor-Induced Increase In Muscle Fatigability Of Young Men And Women Is Predicted By Strength But Not Voluntary Activation, Manda Keller-Ross, Hugo Pereia, Jaclyn Pruse, Tejin Yoon, Bonnie Schlinder-Delap, Kristy Nielson, Sandra Hunter
Kristy Nielson
This study investigated mechanisms for the stressor-induced changes in muscle fatigability in men and women. Participants performed an isometric-fatiguing contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until failure with the elbow flexor muscles. Study one (n = 55; 29 women) involved two experimental sessions: 1) a high-stressor session that required a difficult mental-math task before and during a fatiguing contraction and 2) a control session with no mental math. For some participants (n = 28; 14 women), cortical stimulation was used to examine mechanisms that contributed to muscle fatigability during the high-stressor and control sessions. Study two (n = 23; …
Race, Gender, And Tokenism In Policing: An Empirical Elaboration, Meghan Stroshine, Steven Brandl
Race, Gender, And Tokenism In Policing: An Empirical Elaboration, Meghan Stroshine, Steven Brandl
Meghan Stroshine
According to tokenism theory, “tokens” (those who comprise less than 15% of a group’s total) are expected to experience a variety of hardships in the workplace, such as feelings of heightened visibility, isolation, and limited opportunities for advancement. In the policing literature, most previous studies have defined tokenism narrowly in terms of gender. The current research extends prior research by examining tokenism as a function of gender and race, with an examination of racial/ethnic subgroups. Particular attention is paid to Latino officers as this study represents the first known study of tokenism and Latino police officers. Quantitative analyses reveal that, …