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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Cognitive And Psychiatric Predictors To Psychosis In Velocardiofacial Syndrome: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study, Kevin Antshel, Robert Shprintzen, Wanda Fremont, Anne Higgins, Stephen Faraone, Wendy Kates
Cognitive And Psychiatric Predictors To Psychosis In Velocardiofacial Syndrome: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study, Kevin Antshel, Robert Shprintzen, Wanda Fremont, Anne Higgins, Stephen Faraone, Wendy Kates
Robert J. Shprintzen
Objective: To predict prodromal psychosis in adolescents with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Method: 70 youth with VCFS, 27 siblings of youth with VCFS and 25 community controls were followed from childhood (Mean age = 11.8 years) into mid-adolescence (mean age 15.0 years). Psychological tests measuring intelligence, academic achievement, learning/memory, attention and executive functioning as well as measures of parent and clinician ratings of child psychiatric functioning were completed at both time point. Results: Major depressive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder diagnoses increased in the VCFS sample. With very low false positive rates, the best predictor of adolescent prodromal …
Response To Susilo And Duchaine: Beyond Neuropsychological Dissociations In Understanding Face And Word Representations., David Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
Response To Susilo And Duchaine: Beyond Neuropsychological Dissociations In Understanding Face And Word Representations., David Plaut, Marlene Behrmann
Marlene Behrmann
No abstract provided.
Deaf Students And Their Classroom Communication: An Evaluation Of Higher Order Categorical Interactions Among School And Background Characteristics, Thomas Allen, Melissa Anderson
Deaf Students And Their Classroom Communication: An Evaluation Of Higher Order Categorical Interactions Among School And Background Characteristics, Thomas Allen, Melissa Anderson
Melissa L. Anderson
This article investigated to what extent age, use of a cochlear implant, parental hearing status, and use of sign in the home determine language of instruction for profoundly deaf children. Categorical data from 8,325 profoundly deaf students from the 2008 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children and Youth were analyzed using chi-square automated interaction detector, a stepwise analytic procedure that allows the assessment of higher order interactions among categorical variables. Results indicated that all characteristics were significantly related to classroom communication modality. Although younger and older students demonstrated a different distribution of communication modality, for both younger and older …
A Multimedia Adaptive Tutoring System For Mathematics That Addresses Cognition, Metacognition And Affect, Ivon Arroyo, Beverly Woolf, Winslow Burelson, Kasia Muldner, Dovan Rai, Minghui Tai
A Multimedia Adaptive Tutoring System For Mathematics That Addresses Cognition, Metacognition And Affect, Ivon Arroyo, Beverly Woolf, Winslow Burelson, Kasia Muldner, Dovan Rai, Minghui Tai
Ivon Arroyo
This article describes research results based on multiple years of experimentation and real-world experience with an adaptive tutoring system named Wayang Outpost. The system represents a novel adaptive learning technology that has shown successful outcomes with thousands of students, and provided teachers with valuable information about students’ mathematics performance. We define progress in three areas: improved student cognition, engagement, and affect, and we attribute this improvement to specific components and interventions that are inherently affective, cognitive, and metacognitive in nature. For instance, improved student cognitive outcomes have been measured with pre-post tests and state standardized tests, and achieved due to …
Does Physical Activity Influence Semantic Memory Activation In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?, J. Smith, Kristy Nielson, John Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Matthew Verber, Sally Durgerian, Piero Antuono, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Melissa Lancaster, Stephen Rao
Does Physical Activity Influence Semantic Memory Activation In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?, J. Smith, Kristy Nielson, John Woodard, Michael Seidenberg, Matthew Verber, Sally Durgerian, Piero Antuono, Alissa Butts, Nathan Hantke, Melissa Lancaster, Stephen Rao
Kristy Nielson
The effect of physical activity (PA) on functional brain activation for semantic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) was examined using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging during fame discrimination. Significantly greater semantic memory activation occurred in the left caudate of High- versus Low-PA patients, (P=0.03), suggesting PA may enhance memory-related caudate activation in aMCI.
Baseline Experience With Modified Mini Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (Whims), Stephen Rapp, Mark Espeland, Patricia Hogan, Beverly Jones, Elizabeth Dugan
Baseline Experience With Modified Mini Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (Whims), Stephen Rapp, Mark Espeland, Patricia Hogan, Beverly Jones, Elizabeth Dugan
Elizabeth Dugan
The Modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MS) is widely used for screening global cognitive functioning, however little is known about its performance in clinical trials. We report the distribution of 3MS scores among women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and describe differences in these scores associated with age, education, and ethnicity. The 3MS exams were administered to 7,480 women aged 65-80 who had volunteered for and were eligible for a clinical trial on postmenopausal hormone therapy. General linear models were used to describe demographic differences among scores. Factor analysis was used to characterize the correlational structure …
Maritime Traffic Management: A Need For Central Coordination?, Fulko Van Westrenen, Gesa Praetorius
Maritime Traffic Management: A Need For Central Coordination?, Fulko Van Westrenen, Gesa Praetorius
Gesa Praetorius
Traffic management is not formally organised in the maritime domain. Ships are autonomous and find their own way. Traffic is organised through rules, regulations, and “good seamanship”; it is a distributed system. In areas of high traffic-density support is proved by vessel traffic service (VTS) to promote traffic safety and fluency. VTS does not take control. This organisational structure has proven itself in situations with sufficient resources. When resources become insufficient (e.g. not enough sailing space), the traffic needs an organising mechanism. In this article, the authors argue that the most promising way to do this is by organising centralised …
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese
Dawn L Vreven
Speed discrimination tasks were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the integration mechanism involved when signals are extended in the direction of motion. We varied the aspect ratio of a signal patch whose speed differed from the background, while holding the area of the signal patch constant, so that the signal patch could be either extended in the direction of motion or extended orthogonal to the direction of motion. Speed discrimination thresholds decreased dramatically as the signal patch was extended in the direction of motion. The spatial and temporal integration regions were larger than would be expected …
Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge
Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge
Dawn L Vreven
Glass patterns are visual stimuli used here to study how local orientation signals are spatially integrated into global pattern perception. We measured a form aftereffect from adaptation to both static and dynamic Glass patterns and calculated the amount of interocular transfer to determine the binocularity of the detectors responsible for the perception of global structure. Both static and dynamic adaptation produced significant form aftereffects and showed a very high degree of interocular transfer, suggesting that Glass-pattern perception involves cortical processing beyond primary visual cortex. Surprisingly, dynamic adaptation produced significantly greater interocular transfer than static adaptation. Our results suggest a functional …
The Effects Of Word Length, Articulation, Oral-Motor Movement, And Lexicality On Gait: A Pilot Study, K. Davie, Janis Cardy, J. Holmes, M. Gagnon, A. Hyde, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
The Effects Of Word Length, Articulation, Oral-Motor Movement, And Lexicality On Gait: A Pilot Study, K. Davie, Janis Cardy, J. Holmes, M. Gagnon, A. Hyde, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Andrew M. Johnson
Previous research has suggested that articulatory demands are important predictors of the impact of dual-task interference on spatial-temporal parameters of gait. In this study, we evaluated the effects of word length, oral-motor movement, articulation, and lexicality, within a verbal task, on a continuous gait task. Fifteen healthy young women participated in a study in which two word lengths (monosyllabic and bisyllabic) were crossed with four levels of secondary task complexity (no dual-task, non-speech movement, spoken non-word, and spoken word). Spatial and temporal parameters of gait were measured using a 23' instrumented carpet. Results indicated a significant multivariate main effect for …
Persistence Of Unsafe Practice In Everyday Work: An Exploration Of Organizational And Psychological Factors Constraining Safety In The Operating Room, S. Espin, Lorelei Lingard, G. Baker, G. Regehr
Persistence Of Unsafe Practice In Everyday Work: An Exploration Of Organizational And Psychological Factors Constraining Safety In The Operating Room, S. Espin, Lorelei Lingard, G. Baker, G. Regehr
Lorelei Lingard
This paper explores the factors that influence the persistence of unsafe practice in an interprofessional team setting in health care, towards the development of a descriptive theoretical model for analyzing problematic practice routines. Using data collected during a mixed method interview study of 28 members of an operating room team, participants' approaches to unsafe practice were analyzed using the following three theoretical models from organizational and cognitive psychology: Reason's theory of "vulnerable system syndrome", Tucker and Edmondson's concept of first and second order problem solving, and Amalberti's model of practice migration. These three theoretical approaches provide a critical insight into …
Improving Awareness Of Vulnerabilities To Ethical Challenges: A Family Systems Approach, Cecile Brennan, Jennifer Eulberg, Paula Britton
Improving Awareness Of Vulnerabilities To Ethical Challenges: A Family Systems Approach, Cecile Brennan, Jennifer Eulberg, Paula Britton
Cecile Brennan
Current ethical decision-making models focus principally on cognitive factors and less on the emotional aspects of ethical challenges. This practice reflects a reliance on knowledge-driven, modernist approaches that emphasize objectivity and the primacy of rational thinking. Newer postmodern and constructivist approaches emphasize the need to consider the counselor holistically, as a thinking/feeling being who brings into the present moment the accumulated weight of the past. In order to bridge the gap between a cognitive, modernist approach and a feeling, experience-based postmodern approach, the authors outline an instructional approach that uses family systems theory to assist counselors in becoming conscious about …
Impaired Perceptual Judgement At Low Blood Alcohol Concentrations, Tim Friedman, S Robinson, G Yelland
Impaired Perceptual Judgement At Low Blood Alcohol Concentrations, Tim Friedman, S Robinson, G Yelland
Dr Tim Friedman
Males and females show different patterns of cognitive impairment when blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) are high. To investigate whether gender differences persist at low BACs, cognitive impairment was tested in 21 participants (11 female, 10 male) using a brief computerized perceptual judgment task that provides error rate and response time data. Participants consumed a measured dose of alcohol (average peak BAC: females: 0.052 g/100 mL, males: 0.055 g/100 mL), and were tested at four time points spanning both the rising and falling limbs of the BAC curve, in addition to a prealcohol time point. Comparisons were made against performance of …
On The Number Of Trials Necessary For Stabilization Of Error-Related Brain Activity Across The Life Span, Jason Themanson, Matthew Pontifex, Mark Scudder, Michael Brown, Kevin O'Leary, Chien-Ting Wu, Charles Hillman
On The Number Of Trials Necessary For Stabilization Of Error-Related Brain Activity Across The Life Span, Jason Themanson, Matthew Pontifex, Mark Scudder, Michael Brown, Kevin O'Leary, Chien-Ting Wu, Charles Hillman
Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D
The minimum number of trials necessary to accurately characterize the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) across the life span was investigated using samples of preadolescent children, college-age young adults, and older adults. Event-related potentials and task performance were subsequently measured during a modified flanker task. Response-locked averages were created using sequentially increasing errors of commission in blocks of two. Findings indicated that across all age cohorts ERN and Pe were not significantly different relative to the within-participants grand average after six trials. Further, results indicated that the ERN and Pe exhibited excellent internal reliability in preadolescent children …
Dual Task Performance In A Healthy Young Adult Population: Results From A Symmetric Manipulation Of Task Complexity And Articulation, Albert Armieri, Jeffrey Holmes, Sandi Spaulding, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Dual Task Performance In A Healthy Young Adult Population: Results From A Symmetric Manipulation Of Task Complexity And Articulation, Albert Armieri, Jeffrey Holmes, Sandi Spaulding, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Andrew M. Johnson
The ability to execute and maintain gait while performing simultaneous cognitive, verbal, or motor tasks ('dual-tasking') is beneficial in many ways. It is well-documented, however, that dual-tasking can result in cognitive or motoric interference that results in diminished gait performance, and impaired secondary task performance. When manipulating cognitive load, it is common to have participants respond verbally to stimuli. While this is an ecologically valid way to measure the effects of cognitive load on gait, it ignores the additional demands inherent in the verbal aspect of the task. In the present study, we manipulated complexity and articulation within a single …
Doing Away With Morgan's Canon, Simon Fitzpatrick
Doing Away With Morgan's Canon, Simon Fitzpatrick
Simon Fitzpatrick
Morgan's canon is a very widely endorsed methodological principle in animal psychology, believed to be vital for a rigorous, scientific approach to the study of animal cognition. In contrast I argue that Morgan's canon is unjustified, pernicious and unnecessary. I identify two main versions of the canon and show that they both suffer from very serious problems. I then suggest an alternative methodological principle that captures all of the genuine methodological benefits that Morgan's canon can bring but suffers from none of its problems.
Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity Is A Valid And Useful Construct For Studying Human Cognitive Abilities: A Reply To Saint-Amour Et Al, Andrew Johnson, T. Reed, Philip Vernon
Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity Is A Valid And Useful Construct For Studying Human Cognitive Abilities: A Reply To Saint-Amour Et Al, Andrew Johnson, T. Reed, Philip Vernon
Andrew M. Johnson
No abstract provided.
Practice Guideline On Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation In Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Jaro Kotalik, Edward Yu, Barbara Markman, William Evans
Practice Guideline On Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation In Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Jaro Kotalik, Edward Yu, Barbara Markman, William Evans
Edward Yu
Purpose: To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline that would address the following questions: (a) What is the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with limited or extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have achieved complete remission in response to induction therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)? (b) What dose and fractionation schedules of PCI are optimal? (c) Does the use of PCI in patients with SCLC in complete remission affect quality of life? Survival, disease-free survival, quality of life, and adverse effects were the outcomes of interest. Methods and materials: A systematic review of the published literature was …