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Emerson And Skepticism: The Cipher Of The World [Review], Michael Fischer
Emerson And Skepticism: The Cipher Of The World [Review], Michael Fischer
Michael Fischer
In Emerson and Skepticism John Michael argues that even in Emerson's early works his famous self-reliance was more a dream than an achievement. For Michael this dream dates from Emerson's initial quarrel with Unitarianism. In Emerson's "The Lord's Supper," the skeptical arguments that Unitarians had turned against orthodox Christianity come back to haunt Unitarianism itself. We are presumably left with the autonomous individual, the Emerson who can confidendy say to his Unitarian teachers, "This mode of commemorating Christ is not suitable to me. That is reason enough why I should abandon it" (p. 17). But, as Michael points out, this …
G. Stanley Hall And An American Social Darwinist Pedagogy: His Progressive Educational Ideas On Gender And Race, Lester Goodchild
G. Stanley Hall And An American Social Darwinist Pedagogy: His Progressive Educational Ideas On Gender And Race, Lester Goodchild
Lester F. Goodchild
President G. Stanley Hall hung only a portrait of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his office at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. The philosopher embodied Hall's most cherished mid-nineteenth century ideas that comprised part of his intellectual worldview. In the 1840s, Emerson reflected on his transcendental concepts of the common mind and instinct, which held all innate human knowledge and behavioral patterns, in his Essays. Later, Hall would believe that the human metaphysical psyche, driven by primordial instinct, offered an evolutionary font from which educational activities enabled individuals to discern their destinies and to discover their abilities. His intellectual journey began …