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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
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Stigma Of Incarceration And Motivation Of Undergraduate Students For Service-Learning, Kapil Sharma
Stigma Of Incarceration And Motivation Of Undergraduate Students For Service-Learning, Kapil Sharma
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Incarceration can be a long-lasting, stigmatizing life event that significantly impacts one's life and limits ex-offenders in various aspects of their life. The impact of widespread criminal records can obstruct reentry, economic stability, and full participation in society, whether minor, major, old, or new. The study aims to explore the stigma attached to incarceration and the motivation of undergraduate students for Service-Learning. Based on responses from three semi-structured interviews with students interns of the Records Clearance Project of San Jose State University, it was evident that after completing their sentences, ex-offenders come into many barriers that may prevent them from …
The Perpetuation Of Racial Inequalities In The Criminal Justice System, Chloe Bessette
The Perpetuation Of Racial Inequalities In The Criminal Justice System, Chloe Bessette
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The criminal justice system is not necessarily just and is particularly unfair towards Black Americans. The research shows that they face discrimination in every step of the justice system, from initial arrest to sentencing. Many peer-reviewed sources were analyzed in order to compile the evidence that supports that claim, and what follows is a summation of that research. This paper succinctly proves, using facts, that discrimination and racism still run rampant in the American justice system. These facts include an over 50% higher chance of being killed during an arrest, five times as likely to be incarcerated, three times as …
Rights That Are Not Guaranteed: Failures Of Government Policy On Homelessness, Jeffrey Kaspraw
Rights That Are Not Guaranteed: Failures Of Government Policy On Homelessness, Jeffrey Kaspraw
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Since the 1980s, the rising number of homeless people has caused the problem to become a significant political issue. Politicians have made promises in their campaigns to solve the emergency every election cycle. Most of these campaign promises never come to fruition, and we see a continuing rise in homelessness. This paper examines the political context of housing insecurity to argue that housing is a human right, and that homelessness is a failed policy decision. Homelessness comes in four different forms that all require individual attention. The current policies aimed to address homelessness cannot be one size fits all. While …
The Impact Of Intimate Partner Violence On Women's Financial Wellbeing, Rowan Dunton
The Impact Of Intimate Partner Violence On Women's Financial Wellbeing, Rowan Dunton
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Domestic violence and intimate partner violence against women affects all aspects of their health, including physical, mental, emotional, and economic health. When social programs, support networks, and better opportunities exist to improve the lives of female survivors, the financial impact of their abuse can be addressed and reduced in a significant, sustainable manner. Reviewing existing literature on this financial impact of abuse makes it apparent what women want and need to recover from their former, or even ongoing, situations. Effective preventative measures against financial harm include closing the gender wage gap and offering welfare programs for lower-income women to increase …
The Anatomy Of Inceldom: An Analysis Of Incels Through The Lens Of Gender, Jacob Scheuerman
The Anatomy Of Inceldom: An Analysis Of Incels Through The Lens Of Gender, Jacob Scheuerman
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This literature review examines the phenomena of Inceldom through the prism of hegemonic masculinity, concluding that the identity of an Incel derives from toxic masculine norms and attitudes from fringe online social movements. Incels are contradictory in that they both conform to and reject hegemonic masculinity. They conform in their aspiration to acquire goals that align with what is typically thought of as masculine—such as assertiveness or sexual dominance—while believing they are unable to do so because of their inadequacies. The dissociation between conformity and rejection leads them to adopt a defeatist worldview by not living up to the masculine …
Invisible Harm: Verbal Sexual Coercion Among College Students, Char Chezanne
Invisible Harm: Verbal Sexual Coercion Among College Students, Char Chezanne
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper provides a review of literature and research on verbal sexual coercion on college campuses by focusing on heterosexual dynamics. The studies involved explore the factors that influence sexually coercive behavior, including parenting styles, heteronormative beliefs, and risk-taking behaviors. Furthermore, this paper reviews current informal and formal responses to campus sexual coercion by focusing on the overlooked power dynamics that influence sexual consent. This paper concludes that restorative justice serves as an alternative to traditional justice for campus-based sexual coercion because of its flexibility and applicability to nuanced sexual assault cases.
Precursors Of School Shootings, Branden Harrington
Precursors Of School Shootings, Branden Harrington
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper analyzes mass school shootings in the United States, stressing their root causes, indicators, demographics, and suggestive guidelines for preventable measures. Data draws associations between bullying, social dominance, and devalued masculinity amongst high school boys. Further, these trends emphasize homophobic harassment and the reassertion of lost dominance through violence. Moreover, research upholds media coverage and self-absorbed behavior as an additional precursor for inspired acts of malice. Journalistic representations of mass school shootings are identified as a source of motivation for vengeful and easily malleable youth. Studies also stress the importance of school inclusivity and interconnectedness, emitting a stark correlation …
The Racial Oppression In America’S Mass Incarceration, Marcella Sorrentino
The Racial Oppression In America’S Mass Incarceration, Marcella Sorrentino
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper seeks to expose the racial oppression embedded within the United States' practice of mass incarceration and will provide recommendations to ameliorate this discriminatory practice that harshly and inequitably impacts people of color. Many minority communities are stuck in a continuous cycle of poverty and incarceration, in part because they are targeted and oppressed by the criminal justice system more frequently than middle class white communities. Consequently, incarcerated people of color exhibit high rates of recidivism because of being stripped of resources and being sent back to impoverished, drug-ridden neighborhoods. The War on Drugs in the 1980s and the …
Mass Incarceration: Slavery Renamed, Samantha Pereira
Mass Incarceration: Slavery Renamed, Samantha Pereira
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper aims to analyze the connections between slavery and mass incarceration. It begins by giving background information regarding the topic and setting the framework to argue that slavery was never abolished, but was instead continued using mass incarceration. The paper then goes on to further explain this concept by examining the constitutional and judicial laws in the United States, slave plantations and prisons, with regard to geographical, architectural, and operational design, and finally, the role of society in both systems. The framework for continuing slavery was set with the passing of the 13th Amendment and has since been expanded …
Effects Of Abuse On Female Offenders, Grabiela Carranza
Effects Of Abuse On Female Offenders, Grabiela Carranza
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Between 1995 and 2005, the number of female offenders increased significantly. However, studies show that most female offenders do not commit violent crimes. Researchers have established that women that have experienced some form of abuse causes them to offend. Although women do not commit violent crimes, they still receive severe punishments. Incarceration is not a solution for reform and courts should consider the effects of abuse on female offenders. This paper illustrates how the effects of abuse correlates with female offenders, describes the effects of abuse on male offenders and how it relates to female offenders, and provides additional risk …
Contributing Factors To Mass Incarceration And Recidivism, Nayely Esparza Flores
Contributing Factors To Mass Incarceration And Recidivism, Nayely Esparza Flores
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The United States has been historically known for having the most incarcerated individuals in its country. Approximately 2.3 million adults can be found under some type of penal control. Since the 1960s, the number of incarcerated individuals can be attributed to decades of tough on crime policies, controversial police practices, and racism. Mass incarceration has raised significant social justice issues, especially since it has been heavily concentrated on poor, uneducated African American men. Moreover, recidivism rates in the United States are at an all time high with over 76.6% of offenders reoffending and returning to prison (National Institute of Justice, …
Officer-Involved Domestic Violence: The Mediating Factors, Isaac Baron
Officer-Involved Domestic Violence: The Mediating Factors, Isaac Baron
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Domestic and family violence has been a critical issue in contemporary society. Efforts have been made in researching the causes, effects, and mediating factors of domestic violence in relation to the workplace. Studies demonstrate that a relationship between conflict crossing over from the work to the home environment exist. Additional studies demonstrate that domestic violence does affect the workplace; however, there is little to no scientific data on the reverse relationship. The reverse relationship regards whether the workplace affects the occurrence of domestic violence. This research paper will dive into this topic, and on the lack of data available. Supporting …
An In-Depth Look Into Cybercrime, Brandon Mcdaniel
An In-Depth Look Into Cybercrime, Brandon Mcdaniel
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Cybercrime is an increasing area of study in the field of criminology. With the advancement of technology and the growing use of social media, people are connected all over the world more than they have ever been before. It is not the invention of new crimes but technology has allowed old crimes to be committed through a new medium. This paper explores the realm of cyberspace and how old crimes are being committed in new ways by different countries and people.
Domestic And International Firearm Laws: Can Implementation Be Used To Nationally Decrease Firearm Violence And Mass Shootings, Kenneth Banuelos
Domestic And International Firearm Laws: Can Implementation Be Used To Nationally Decrease Firearm Violence And Mass Shootings, Kenneth Banuelos
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The issue of firearm violence in the United States is highly controversial, as there are sound arguments on both sides of the discussion. Advocates of stricter gun laws often refer to both international and domestic examples that highlight the effectiveness of more restrictive firearm policies. Japan and Australia are two such countries that are continually referred to when a tragedy, such as a mass shooting, occurs in the United States and initial reactions often emphasis a need for fewer guns in the general public. Opposition to the proposed reforms of firearm policies cite the importance of the Second Amendment which …
Body-Worn Cameras: Reducing Citizen Complaints And Improving Relationships, Julie Bui
Body-Worn Cameras: Reducing Citizen Complaints And Improving Relationships, Julie Bui
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Video recordings of police-citizen interactions, most notably those obtained from the dashboard cameras (dashcams) of police cars, have been successful in objectively capturing police-citizen exchanges. However, since police-civilian interactions do not solely occur in front of police cars, dashcams present significant limitations. Off-camera violent, and sometimes fatal, encounters (such as the notorious Ferguson case) have fueled increased public support for body-worn cameras. This is especially true in cases with conflicting accounts from the officer(s), victim(s), and witness(es). Requiring officers to wear bodycams may reduce incidents of force and citizen complaints, and increase officer accountability. This paper will present peer-reviewed research …
Solitary Confinement: Social Death And Its Afterlives, Jen Rushforth
Solitary Confinement: Social Death And Its Afterlives, Jen Rushforth
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
No abstract provided.
How Japan’S Cultural Norms Affect Policing: A Side-By-Side Comparison With The United States, Katrina Tran
How Japan’S Cultural Norms Affect Policing: A Side-By-Side Comparison With The United States, Katrina Tran
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The ways of policing have been critiqued throughout the years—some have advocated for a direct approach while others value diplomatic techniques. Consideration is emphasized by how culture affects policing in the United States and Japan. In the United States, the customs of policing involve violence, individualism, pragmatism, social mobility, and low power distance, whereas Japan encourages non-violence, face-saving, conservatism, and high power distance. The difference in these cultural norms reflects how policing is conducted in these two countries. To understand how policing in these two countries are different, this paper examines the difference of cultural norms and its impact on …
Disrespecting The Minimum Wage: How States Limit The Opportunity For Restaurant Workers To Support Themselves, Samantha Pereira
Disrespecting The Minimum Wage: How States Limit The Opportunity For Restaurant Workers To Support Themselves, Samantha Pereira
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper examines the inequality in the restaurant industry in America. It focuses specifically on the tipped minimum wages in different states compared to the real minimum wage and looks into the gender and racial inequality present in restaurants. The first section analyzes the history of tipping and what it has become in the United States. The paper then moves to describe different struggles that tipped workers in the restaurant industry have to face. The paper also discusses different arguments to raising the tipped minimum wage and compares states with a tipped minimum wage and states without a tipped minimum …
Mass Shootings And The Media: How Race And Ethnicity Influence Media Coverage, Emily Wheeler
Mass Shootings And The Media: How Race And Ethnicity Influence Media Coverage, Emily Wheeler
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Topics related to crime and the criminal justice system comprise a majority of topics discussed in the media. This study explores how media coverage of mass shootings varies based on the racial or ethnic identity of the shooter. Topics examined include popular beliefs and misconceptions about the race of mass murderers, the role mass media plays in influencing public perceptions about race and crime related topics, and the alarming rate at which the public recognizes and accepts the media as a reliable source of information when official data sources provide a much different picture. Further analysis of the Columbine High …
Selling Queer Rights: The Commodification Of Queer Rights Activism, Laurence Pedroni
Selling Queer Rights: The Commodification Of Queer Rights Activism, Laurence Pedroni
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
With the recent Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage throughout the country, many have spoken in support of the decision, calling it a massive expansion of civil rights. While affording marriage rights to same-sex couples, these rights and expansions should be understood in the greater context of historical queer rights struggle and the economic factors that have motivated these civil rights expansions. This article will examine how the expansion of gay marriage rights was motivated not by concerns with civil rights, but out of economic concerns. This process has, in effect, commodified queer rights, weakening queer rights politics to …
Honor Killing Attitudes Among San Jose State University Students, Pedja Ilic
Honor Killing Attitudes Among San Jose State University Students, Pedja Ilic
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This study examines honor killing attitudes amongst a sample of sixty graduate and undergraduate students in the Department of Justice Studies at San Jose State University and offers a systematic review of published academic literature on honor killings. It hypothesizes that students who strongly adhere to patriarchal traditionalism are more likely to endorse legitimacy of honor killings, controlling for gender, education, family size, religion, religiosity/religious conviction, and female chastity expectations. Descriptive findings suggest that the majority of respondents disagree that honor murders are justified, regardless of circumstances, dependent variable honor killing attitudes. Respondents also report negative attitudes toward authority and …
No One Cried For Help: The Integration Of Groupthink Into Modern Rape Culture, Jourdin Hermann
No One Cried For Help: The Integration Of Groupthink Into Modern Rape Culture, Jourdin Hermann
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Rape symbolizes lost innocence. Many young females increasingly endure sexual violence at the hands of multiple male assailants. Despite the common coupling of group dynamics and rapes, little evidence proposes Irving Janis’s theory of groupthink as one plausible explanation. This paper argues that the two concepts are related; groupthink needs to hold a more prominent position within the sexual violence literature. A case in the small town of Steubenville, Ohio provides the backdrop for investigating how groupthink impacts instances of gang rapes. Integration of the scholarly literature available on groupthink and sexual violence establishes the basis of this research. Janis’s …
Yakuza Past, Present And Future: The Changing Face Of Japan's Organized Crime Syndicates, Silke Higgins
Yakuza Past, Present And Future: The Changing Face Of Japan's Organized Crime Syndicates, Silke Higgins
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
While Japanese crime syndicates are deeply entrenched in the history and culture of Japan, much of what is known in the Western world about the Yakuza is primarily the result of stereotyping generated by media-driven sensationalism and lowbudget motion pictures. Judgment on the crime syndicates' continued existence, modes of operation, and relatively high visibility in Japan is oftentimes passed based on socio-cultural perceptions of deviance that differ from those in Japanese culture. Taking the form of a book review essay, this paper aims to re-introduce the reader to Japan's crime syndicates with the goal of replacing stereotypes and myths with …
The Stigmatization Of Individuals Convicted Of Sex Offenses: Labeling Theory And The Sex Offense Registry, Carla Schultz
The Stigmatization Of Individuals Convicted Of Sex Offenses: Labeling Theory And The Sex Offense Registry, Carla Schultz
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The sex offender registry currently lists over half a million U.S. citizens as sex offenders. Modern day legislation directed toward sex offenders was born in an era of public fear and rash decision-making. Terrible consequences have since been identified as resulting from the labeling of sex offenders via the registry. These unintended consequences socially, economically, and psychologically influence the lives of sex offenders. Labeling theory states that individuals who are given a label eventually subscribe to that label; in other words, it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. In the case of sex offenders, this can only mean more damage to society. …
Long-Term Physical And Mental Health Effects Of Domestic Violence, Kavita Alejo
Long-Term Physical And Mental Health Effects Of Domestic Violence, Kavita Alejo
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Domestic violence is an issue affecting people of all ages, races, genders, and sexual orientations. Violence against men and same-sex domestic violence are often considered less of a threat to society and to the people involved, but it is important to understand that male-on-female violence, female-on-male violence, and same-sex violence all involve serious consequences to the victim’s and batterer’s short- and long-term health. This paper determines whether men or women suffer from more long-term health problems caused by domestic violence by comparing the currently published statistics on the prevalence of domestic violence in heterosexual and homosexual relationships, and analyzing the …
I Am Not Your Victim: Anatomy Of Domestic Violence - Analysis Of The Beth Sipe Autobiography, Shawna Germain
I Am Not Your Victim: Anatomy Of Domestic Violence - Analysis Of The Beth Sipe Autobiography, Shawna Germain
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper is an analysis that defines and describes the patterns of recognized intimate partner violence, and looks at the physical, social, psychological, and economic aspects of abuse. It correlates these aspects to the personal experiences of Beth Sipe according to her autobiographical account in I Am Not Your Victim, which serves as a model example of a domestic abuse relationship. This analysis also discusses the societal implications of abuse, which encouraged changes like the Violence Against Women Act, and how that made resources and shelters available to women in similar situations.
Ethics And The Use Of Coercion In The Treatment Of Psychiatric Patients, Jen Rushforth
Ethics And The Use Of Coercion In The Treatment Of Psychiatric Patients, Jen Rushforth
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
Involuntary psychiatric treatment occurs under such conditions as the medicating or placing in treatment facilities of patients without their consent. Such involuntary treatment has been litigated in the Supreme Court; however, the Court’s rulings have been applied to incarcerated persons, with the notable exception of the 1975 ruling in O’Connor v. Donaldson, a case argued as a civil rights violation. Using O’Connor v. Donaldson as a framework, this paper argues that forcing non- violent psychiatric patients to take medication, or be otherwise treated against their will, is an unethical practice and must be discontinued. This practice of forcible treatment violates …
Democracy, Prison, And Public Safety Realignment: Renewing Our Imagination, Kimberly Turner
Democracy, Prison, And Public Safety Realignment: Renewing Our Imagination, Kimberly Turner
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
The American carceral condition has waged a 200-year-old struggle where the lives of the guilty, the innocent, and the victimized have taken center stage in a debate centered on rehabilitation, reformation, and revenge. The drama has undergone a number of revisions from great scholarly authors, multidisciplinary intellectuals, and literary muses. Despite a number of new renderings, the central themes of the American prison have remained constant, and just as there have been builders of prisons, there have been forces intent on their destruction. The current state of the American carceral condition has burgeoned since the neoliberal political and economic shift …
The Crisis Of Secularism: How Democracy Fuels Moral Panics And Religious Fundamentalism, Pedja Ilic
The Crisis Of Secularism: How Democracy Fuels Moral Panics And Religious Fundamentalism, Pedja Ilic
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
While identifying humanity’s most cherished ideals, there is one notion that ultimately supplants all others: the notion of freedom. The concept itself and its encompassing rhetoric have been utilized ad nauseam by virtually all contemporary social orders to validate the levels of civilizational maturity and, perhaps more importantly, to set goals to which the same should strive. However, irrespective of its categorical position at the very summit of conscious human existence, its interpretational elasticity allows for a diminishing number of concessions. This paper offers critique and examines interactions between multiculturalism, cultural relativism, religion, and secularism within contemporary Western societies. It …