Digital Commons Network^™

Studying The Effects Of Aging On Ammunition Under Water, Nicole Neitzey, Colin King

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The world’s oceans and waterways contain untold amounts of munitions, whether dumped or fired, and the sometimes-harsh underwater environment can make their clearance difficult. Yet we are approaching a time when we will have to face the reality of removing them to continue enjoying the planet’s most abundant natural resource. Much of the ammunition in areas from the Baltic Sea to the rivers of Cambodia to the Gulf of Mexico has been immersed for decades, subject to a variety of underwater influences. Many studies have examined the impacts of degrading explosives on the surrounding environment, but few look at what …

Nonprofits Should Adopt A User-Centric Change Model To Scale Corporate Environmental Action Faster, Doug Miller

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Pollution levels and ecosystem degradation continue to worsen, suggesting the insufficiency of current approaches to reverse these problematic trends. For environmental nonprofits, the current theory of change revolves around developing techno-economic analysis about environmental problems and available solutions, building public awareness around this analysis, and motivating decision makers to set goals. Given present environmental realities and the limited success of their current theory of change, environmental nonprofits should transform how they execute their work, what they produce, and how they coordinate with each other. Instead, nonprofits should begin putting the user—business decision makers as well as policymakers—front and center as …

Heating Up At The Plate: Relationships Between Temperature, Climate Type In Place Of Birth, And Mlb Batting Performance, Nathan M. Hitchens, Reuben J. Allen

The Geographical Bulletin

This study seeks to determine whether long-term heat acclimatization affects batting performance of Major League Baseball players based upon the climate in which a player was born. Each player with at least one at-bat from 1980–2018 was linked to a climate class and subdivision based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification of their place of birth, and the ambient temperature at game time was determined for each game that took place. Games played in temperatures at least one standard deviation below and above the mean were categorized as cold- and hot-weather games, respectively. Common baseball metrics such as batting average, slugging …

Environmental Determinism And Spurious Correlation: Just-So Stories In Phonology, Jeremiah Jewell

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

The sounds and sound structures of languages often pattern in geographic clusters. Most accounts of this phenomenon rely on language contact and common descent as the principal causes of areal features. Modern linguistics rejects the notion that the nature of the location in which a language is spoken affects its phonological system. Nonetheless, some have argued that climate, topography, and other aspects of the ambient environment causally affect phonologies. The aim of this paper is to assess recent attempts in linguistics literature to broaden the view of what motivates geographically correlated phonological structures. I focus on the realms of phonology …

Data Collection In The Field: Lessons From Two Case Studies Conducted In Belize, Rico Kongsager

The Qualitative Report

There is a vast load of literature concerning how data collection can be conducted. This literature provides guidelines and recommendations on how data collection might be done, however, only a very limited part of this literature describes in detail how data actually are collected in the field. This paper is intended to be an example, where the methodology is explained in detail to assist and inspire other researchers, on their way to conduct interesting and important research. The data collection and fieldwork described in this paper were conducted to complete two case studies in Belize, Central America. The core of …

Comprehensive Climate Change Policy: Is It Possible In The United States?, Ethan Stern-Ellis

The Commons: Puget Sound Journal of Politics

The purpose of this paper is to explore what the United States has achieved with regards to climate policy, present the limitations it has encountered that have prevented it from creating comprehensive policy, and to explain why the future of climate change policy is highly uncertain. It is found that while there have been significant gains, four key limitations including a rise in conservative ideology, international noncooperation from the United States, poor use of adversarial legalism, and poor timing, have been sufficient in preventing the United States from creating comprehensive climate change policy. This paper concludes with a look to …

Institutional Framework For Open Space Conservation, Janice Griffith

Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy

Finding an effective approach to conserve large-scale, multipurpose open spaces through a coordinated network across jurisdictional boundary lines has proved elusive. Because open space infrastructure serves so many functions ranging from recreational trails to ecological systems protection, decision makers have often treated open space as a subpart of another activity and overlooked its importance. After discussing the benefits of open space conservation, this article analyzes the impediments to its realization. Noting the institutional fragmentation that surrounds open space conservation, the article discusses the governmental and private sector bodies that implement actions designed to achieve it. The article argues that open …

The Paris Climate Agreement: Harbinger Of A New Global Order, Shana R. Herman

Swarthmore International Relations Journal

No abstract provided.

Unsustainable Sustainability: Do Policies That Increase Environmental Quality Exacerbate Income Inequality?, Haley K. Skinner

Gettysburg Economic Review

International pressure to meet climate and sustainability goals are mounting. Countries attempting to industrialize in the age of sustainability are tasked with industrializing using low-carbon practices. The transition to a “green” economy requires elimination of some jobs and skillsets that may upset social equality. This paper empirically examines the hypothesis that policies aimed at increased environmental performance promote increased income inequality in developing countries. Because existing literature firmly supports the hypothesis that lower income inequality leads to higher environmental performance, this paper develops a simultaneous equations model (SEM) to estimate the hypothesized endogenous relationship using two stage least squares (2SLS) …

Sea Squad, Liam Geary Baulch

The Goose

The Sea Squad is a band of cheerleaders against climate change. Taking action as a team in formation, they gather momentum, inviting all people to cheer with them, mimicking the infinitely expandable nature of the seas' molecular structure. The work was developed and performed as a bilingual project at Est-Nord-Est in Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Quebec, Canada, and has since been performed and exhibited internationally. The following poems are some of the chants that Sea Squad use to get a crowd cheering together against climate change.

Relevance Of Ancient Indian Methods Of Environmental Protection In The Present Day Scenario, B. Shyamala Ph.D., Shwetha S. S.

International Review of Business and Economics

“The greatest shortcoming of human race is our inability to understand the exponential function” -Albert.A.Bartlett In a bid to achieve the twin goals of boosting economic growth and ending extreme poverty, nations have exploited the existing resources without understanding the true cost of its depletion. They are confronted with a resource scarcity crisis as they are unable to satisfy the unlimited wants of human beings with the limited resources. Resources have been used, abused and misused over and above their rate of replenishment. At this juncture, it becomes imperative for nations to understand the concept of “Sustainable Development”. Sustainable development …

Rethinking The Dormant Commerce Clause?: Climate Change And Food Security, Michael Barsa

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

Climate Resilient Green Economy: Prospects, R. Ragapriya Ph.D., D. Rudrappan

International Review of Business and Economics

A new political climate has grown in many countries around the world, thanks to the strong base in science and widening public awareness of climate change and its risks. Clean energy revolution has been taking place all over the developed countries, underscored by the steady expansion of the renewable energy sector. The adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) constituted a win-win situation, as renewable is not only green and job-generating, but also sustainable with a higher environmental benefit. Renewable fuels such as wind, solar, biomass, tides, and geothermal are inexhaustible, indigenous and are often free as a resource. They just …

Climate Change: Coping Strategies For A Sustainable Future In India, S. Amerjothy Ph.D., Raj Bharath R. Ph.D., Rudrappan D.

International Review of Business and Economics

Today, human race faces many threats but none is greater than the climate challenge. I quote Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary General of UN, “ climate change does not respect borders; it does not respect who you are-rich and, the poor, small and big. Therefore, this is what we call ‘ global challenges’ which require global solidarity”-co-operation and collaboration among all people and all governments of the world. Our globe, is a world of looming climate challenges. Climate change is happening here and happening now. Hence, human beings should not become architects of their own destruction. With the available knowledge and …

Climate And Environmental Changes: Restrospect And Prospect, Pradeep Prajapati

International Review of Business and Economics

Discussion on problems of climate and environmental changes i.e. global warming has inundated in recent years. Every major newspaper publishes multiple editorials or op- ed pieces on the topic, the broadcast media and researchers regularly discuss the issue, and thousands of Web pages and blogs provide definitions and information and suggest causes and consequences of action and inaction. Under the situation why are we adding to congestion on the subject? Because the analysis of past has much to contribute, especially in understanding prospects of adapting to climate change, which has received relatively little study and comment relative to the standing …

Climatic Challenges And Environmental Pollution In India, T. Sarathy Ph.D.

International Review of Business and Economics

Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term “weather” refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas …

Animate Planet: Making Visceral Sense Of Living In A High-Tech Ecologically Damaged World By Kath Weston, Kelly Shepherd

The Goose

Review of Kath Weston's Animate Planet: Making Visceral Sense of Living in a High-Tech Ecologically Damaged World.

The Impact Weather Has On Nyc Citi Bike Share Company Activity, Mark Martinez

Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics at Colby

This paper seeks to figure out the effect weather has on individuals’ behavior. A more focused approach to determining this effect is seeing how different weather conditions ranging from the temperature, the precipitation, the amount of inches of snowfall and the wind speed effect the ridership of Citi Bikes throughout all four seasons. The approach of this research paper is using data from the National Climatic Data Center that focuses in on the weather found in Manhattan, New York and correlates each of the weather conditions to the total number of trips per day that is provided by the Citi …

Perubahan Budaya Kerja Pertanian Lahan Kering Atoni Pah Meto Di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Damasius Sasi

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The goal of the study is to review changes in dryland farming culture of atoni pah meto in North Center Timor District caused by global climate changes. The research method used was qualitative descriptive: the data collecting method used was interviews, observations, and the document study. Research results prove that the atoni pah meto which consists of eighteen farming rituals, five work patterns, work division between genders, and work ethos, has shifted. It is caused by the interaction of atoni pah meto with other nations, tribes, and ethnic groups, further affected by global climate changes. Climate changes have made a …

Climate Adaptation Finance Mechanisms: New Frontiers For Familiar Tools, Jack D. Kartez Ph.D., Samuel B. Merrill Ph.D.

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

Demands for mechanisms to pay for adaptation to climate risks have multiplied rapidly as concern has shifted from greenhouse gas mitigation alone to also coping with the now-inevitable impacts. A number of viable approaches to how to pay for those adjustments to roads, drainage systems, lifeline utilities and other basic infrastructure are emerging, though untested at the scale required across the nation, which already has a trillion-dollar deferred maintenance and replacement problem. There are growing efforts to find new ways to harness private financial resources via new market arrangements to meet needs that clearly outstrip public resources alone, as well …

Measurable Outcomes Of Safety Culture In Aviation - A Meta-Analytic Review, Benjamin J. Goodheart, Maryjo O. Smith

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Though the complimentary concepts of safety culture and safety climate have become increasingly popular over the past three decades, they have only infrequently been central to research designed to examine the empirical relationship between safety culture and safety performance. This tenuous link between culture and safety performance outcomes is especially prevalent in the aviation sector. This study systematically examined the existing literature for empirical evidence and explored the available data via meta-analysis to determine whether safety culture was significantly predictive of safety performance in an aviation operational environment. Although a broad, careful review of the literature was accomplished, the results …

An Analysis Of Safety Culture & Safety Training: Comparing The Impact Of Union, Non-Union, And Right To Work Construction Venues, Harry Miller Csp, Tara Hill, Kris Mason, John S. Gaal Edd

Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development

The construction industry is one of the most dangerous sectors of the US economy. As such, the safety attitudes and climate within small (residential) contracting firms may play a role in providing a safe culture and working environment. The intent of this practitioner-based research study is to compare and determine if there is a difference in safety practices—based on documented field inspections and their related original number of violations observed by OSHA—between union residential carpentry contractors in the St. Louis area and:

1) non-union residential carpentry contractors in the St. Louis area;

2) non-union residential carpentry contractors across Missouri; and …

Preparing For The Inevitable: Us Climate Change Preparation, David Ernenwein

Pepperdine Policy Review

There is growing consensus in the scientific community that the global climate is changing. Increasing average global temperatures are expected to increase both the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, which will affect human civilization. However, these events do not need to become disasters. Analysis of past extreme weather disasters in the United States shows that failures in policy, specifically in terms of disaster preparedness, are the real culprit and not the actual weather event. Given the increasing destructiveness of storms and the projected increase in frequency, it makes formulating a coherent and effective national response a priority.

Between A Rock And A Hard Place: Transatlantic Efforts At A Supranational Climate Policy, Brianna Hand

Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union

No abstract provided.

Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley

New England Journal of Public Policy

This issue of the New England Journal of Public Policy that deals with issues of climate change, oil, and water and the interconnection of the three with the future of the planet.

Initially our topic was conceived as “Oil & Water” only. We planned to present the proceedings of an Institute for Global Leadership symposium held at Tufts University in 2005. There was then still a debate about global warming, although the Kyoto Treaty was in place. But without the world’s preeminent manufacturer of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the United States (20 percent of the total emissions with 5 percent …

Climate Change In Metropolitan Boston, Paul Kirshen, Matthias Ruth, William Anderson

New England Journal of Public Policy

Even though urban infrastructure systems are important and are designed according to socioeconomic and environmental conditions that are very sensitive to climate, there have been few major integrated assessments of the impacts of climate change on metropolitan infrastructure systems and services and possible adaptations. An analysis of the Boston metro area found that adaptation actions taken before full climate-change impacts occur will result in fewer expected negative impacts to the region than waiting for major impacts to occur. Adaptation of infrastructure to climate change must also consider land use management, environmental and socioeconomic impacts, equity, and adaptation actors and institutions. …