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Investigating The Gendered Effects Of Caregiving Policies In Academia, Molly R. Simmons, Aishwarya Kumar, Katrina A. Burch Ph.D.
Investigating The Gendered Effects Of Caregiving Policies In Academia, Molly R. Simmons, Aishwarya Kumar, Katrina A. Burch Ph.D.
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Although women receive more doctorates across disciplines, they continue to be underrepresented in academia with representation of women faculty diminishing at higher ranks relative to their male counterparts. This phenomenon is known as the ‘leaky pipeline,’ and is frequently observed in STEM fields, though it exists across disciplines. Previous studies suggest the motherhood penalty heavily impacts women’s careers, especially in academia where biological and tenure clocks coincide. The overall aim of this study is to examine the gendered effects of caregiving policies for faculty in STEM fields at regional comprehensive universities through integrating the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) Model and feminist …
Minding The Intergenerational Gap: The Impact Of Age On Knowledge Hiding And Organizational Justice, Seth W. Jones, Courtney Baker Phd
Minding The Intergenerational Gap: The Impact Of Age On Knowledge Hiding And Organizational Justice, Seth W. Jones, Courtney Baker Phd
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Intergenerational workplaces contain multiple generations (Iweins et al., 2013) contributing to an organization’s climate with unique challenges as employees learn to work together despite generational barriers. With employees having increased career lengths and average lifespans, intergenerational workplaces are more prevalent, and the benefits of an age-diverse workplace cannot be understated (e.g., increased creativity, Backes-Gellner et al., 2011, increased decision-making capabilities Wegge et al., 2008). Knowledge management research has considered knowledge sharing within intergenerational teams, suggesting that age may be an important factor when considering employee’s knowledge sharing (Fasbender & Gerpott, 2021), but not explicitly knowledge hiding. Further, given there are …
The Individual Differences Of Adopters Of Technology In A Challenging Labor Market, Luke Symasek, Sabrina Adhami, Kristin Weger
The Individual Differences Of Adopters Of Technology In A Challenging Labor Market, Luke Symasek, Sabrina Adhami, Kristin Weger
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Digital technology can attract talent that aligns with an organization’s goals by displaying to potential hires that the organization values innovation and growth. Despite this fact, these technologies have proven difficult to implement because they are not always accepted or adopted. Businesses often have a difficult time implementing a new digital technology because of a lack of acceptance from its employees, and a lack of adoption from instructors can cause educational settings to lack the proper technological education, which may discourage potential teachers from working in those settings. Because of the importance and potential usefulness of digital technology, it is …
Hbc- Who?: Perceptions Of Talent From Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Kwani Taylor, Natalee Jamerson, Cassidy Zekas, Rachel Weaver, Tim Huelsman, Jessica Doll, Kristl Davison
Hbc- Who?: Perceptions Of Talent From Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Kwani Taylor, Natalee Jamerson, Cassidy Zekas, Rachel Weaver, Tim Huelsman, Jessica Doll, Kristl Davison
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Qualified applicants strive to be recognized as a “good fit” in organizations. However, with a long history of racial discrimination in talent acquisition, how do Historically Black College and University graduates feel they are perceived by organizations in comparison to their Predominantly White Institutions (PWI) counterparts? Furthermore, how does the intersectionality of race and gender in the workplace affect these perceptions? It is important to examine these relationships and how organizations can improve direction and create meaningful strides for equity for a diversity, equity, and inclusion initiative. In this study, we will survey students and graduates from HBCUs and PWIs …
Justice Perceptions, Quiet Quitting & Personality, Sarah Wicker, Judith Van Hein
Justice Perceptions, Quiet Quitting & Personality, Sarah Wicker, Judith Van Hein
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Quiet quitting is a term that has grown in popularity over the past few years. Quiet quitting can refer to a decrease in employees’ commitment to carry out assigned tasks, avoiding tasks that are not within employees’ job description, quitting the idea of going above and beyond in their job performance (Formica & Sfodera 2022) & (Rosalsky & Selyukh 2022). In the past, researcher have shown the relationship between engagement and burnout with personality. Since quiet quitting has only recently grown popular, the relationship between quiet quitting and personality has not been greatly researched. This thesis attempts to fill this …
Exploring Psychological Detachment, Work-Related Rumination And Role-Centrality In Working From Home, Cora Hurt, Molly Simmons, Katrina Burch
Exploring Psychological Detachment, Work-Related Rumination And Role-Centrality In Working From Home, Cora Hurt, Molly Simmons, Katrina Burch
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Background The change in environment and commute from work to home help to signal psychological detachment, defined by physically and mentally disengaging from work-related thoughts (Smit, 2016). The combination of modern communication technology and a global pandemic has pushed many employees into working from home regularly, eliminating these signals for psychological detachment. Using effort-recovery theory (Meijman & Mulder, 1998), which suggests that investment of mental resources to deal with work-related demands leads to depletion, we hypothesize that work-related rumination will be associated with the inability to psychologically detach from work (Martin & Tesser, 1996). In addition, role centrality is hypothesized …
Exploring The Effects Of Financial Strain On Organizational Commitment And Occupational Commitment, Paris Jade Wright, Kristen J. Black
Exploring The Effects Of Financial Strain On Organizational Commitment And Occupational Commitment, Paris Jade Wright, Kristen J. Black
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Financial strain is defined as an individual’s perception of economic stress and/or lack of resources (Adams et al., 2016). Although it has been linked to a multitude of negative well-being outcomes (Son & Wilson, 2015), there is little research regarding its impact on work-related attitudes, including organizational and occupational commitment. Several studies have found that financially-related variables, such as income, pay satisfaction, and extrinsic organizational rewards are positively related to organizational commitment (Cohen and Lowenberg, 1990; Mathieu and Zajac, 1990; Malhotra et al., 2007). Though occupational commitment and organizational commitment tend to be positively related (Lee et al., 2000), less …
Validating A Picture-Based Values Measure Across Three Studies, Jingyi Li, Lauren E. Postier, Kendall M. Mcgoey, Peter D. Cook
Validating A Picture-Based Values Measure Across Three Studies, Jingyi Li, Lauren E. Postier, Kendall M. Mcgoey, Peter D. Cook
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
While the importance of congruence between personal and organizational values to employees and organizations has been well established in the academic literature, existing values measures have shortcomings in applied settings. We have developed the Picture-Based Values Measure (PBVM) to measure Schwartz’s 19 refined basic individual values, resist faking, avoid construct contamination, and show cross-cultural relevance. In this research proposal, we intend to establish the psychometric properties of the PBVM across three studies. In Study 1, to examine convergent validity, 300 working adults will take both the PBVM and Revised Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-RR) via Prolific. To examine discriminant validity, participants …
Retaining Employees Through And Beyond Pregnancy: The Importance Of Career Encouragement And Career Engagement, Sarah Iverstine, Alexandra Zelin
Retaining Employees Through And Beyond Pregnancy: The Importance Of Career Encouragement And Career Engagement, Sarah Iverstine, Alexandra Zelin
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
With the influx of women into the workplace over the past few decades, researchers have often focused on how women struggle at work due to pregnancy and the physical changes their body goes through (Draper, 2006). Working women who become pregnant are often perceived as not dedicated, distracted from their work, and more likely to not return to work. Furthermore, they are often overlooked for promotions, bonuses, and awards because they are perceived as uncommitted (Wiese & Ritter, 2012). However, researchers have often overlooked the extent to which career encouragement and career engagement can impact a women’s career, especially for …
Creating A Climate Of Safety For Black Workers In America, Enrica N. Ruggs
Creating A Climate Of Safety For Black Workers In America, Enrica N. Ruggs
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
2020 has seen a racial reckoning unlike one we have seen since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. The killing of George Floyd and others, along with other societal issues have spurred racial unrest in the US. In this talk I will discuss the ways that societal racial unrest that leads to racial trauma can spillover and negatively affect people, particularly Black people at work. Then I will discuss ways that coworkers and organizations can start to create safe spaces for Black people to process trauma when coping with racism from outside and within organizations.
Applicant Perceptions Of Fairness And Equity In Selection, Megan Warrenbrand, Alexandra Zelin, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, Brian J. O'Leary
Applicant Perceptions Of Fairness And Equity In Selection, Megan Warrenbrand, Alexandra Zelin, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, Brian J. O'Leary
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Machine-learning algorithms provide organizations with the opportunity to quickly and efficiently process information about potential employees while reducing costs associated with selection and turnover. However, any bias or error present in the programming as a result of information drawn from historically biased data is evident in the algorithm output (Illingworth, 2015). Additionally, human decision-makers rely on deductive reasoning by creating hypotheses, examining several variables, and drawing formal conclusions between the predictor variables and outcomes (Tambe et al., 2019). Recently, there has been growing fairness and equity concerns about the risks associated with the use of algorithms in selection processes from …
Easing The Return To Normalcy: Reintegrating Victims Of Domestic Violence Into The Workplace V2.0, Corrine Wolfe, Alexandra I. Zelin
Easing The Return To Normalcy: Reintegrating Victims Of Domestic Violence Into The Workplace V2.0, Corrine Wolfe, Alexandra I. Zelin
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Domestic violence (DV) is a major public health crisis that can have long-lasting, detrimental effects on its victims. Often, the effects of DV can translate into the victim’s workplace, reduce employee productivity, and/or result in an increase in absences. When victims miss work due to a DV-related incident, they typically need help to reintegrate back into the workplace, and even those victims that do not miss an extended period of work still need ongoing organizational support. It is important that employers understand the costs DV can have in terms of absent and distracted employees as well as the opportunities and …
Appraisal-Tendency Framework And Gender: A Moderator In The Emotions And Judgement Process, Sarah Tucker, Alexander T. Jackson, Satoris Howes, Kaitlyn Berry
Appraisal-Tendency Framework And Gender: A Moderator In The Emotions And Judgement Process, Sarah Tucker, Alexander T. Jackson, Satoris Howes, Kaitlyn Berry
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
The study aims to clarify and understand the role that gender has on perceptions of justice through placement of blame and emotion. The Appraisal Tendency Framework explains how emotion impacts judgements, and the fairness theory explores how blame placement affects perceptions of justice. This research explores the impact of gender on both models. This study will utilize a 2 (emotional induction) x 2 (gender of actor) design. In the emotional induction portion, participants will view clips from movies to induce either sadness or anger. Following the video clip, all participants will be asked to write about a time they either …
Y'All Ain't Fair: Discrimination Against Southern Accents In Hiring Decisions, Brenna Armfield
Y'All Ain't Fair: Discrimination Against Southern Accents In Hiring Decisions, Brenna Armfield
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
This research proposal investigates how southern accents impact hiring decisions. Specifically, it examines whether an applicant with a neutral American accent will be hired at a higher rate than an applicant with a southern accent. Perceived professionalism, competence, and intelligence are suggested mediators for the relationship between accent and hiring decision. Additionally, it is hypothesized that perceived similarity and geographical location will moderate the relationship between accent and evaluations related to hiring (professionalism, competence, and intelligence). Participants will be sampled from a geographically diverse range of universities and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: female applicant with a neutral …
The Disgust Sensitivity Scale, Ivory Tran
The Disgust Sensitivity Scale, Ivory Tran
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
This study proposes a new measure of disgust sensitivity, specifically in four domains: core, animal-reminder, contamination-based, and moral-sexual disgust. The measure will be called the Disgust Sensitivity Scale (DSS). Previous measures have not been successful in showing an association between the moral-sexual disgust domain and overall disgust sensitivity. One of the suggested reasons is that moral and sexual transgressions often elicit a combination of anger and disgust rather than disgust alone. Thus, the current study attempts to measure moral-sexual disgust by designing test items that specifically target disgust as the elicited emotion. As the Disgust Scale – Revised (DS–R) is …
Preferences And Decision Making In Large-Scale Communities, Cassandra Martin, Kristin Weger
Preferences And Decision Making In Large-Scale Communities, Cassandra Martin, Kristin Weger
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Understanding the formation of preferences as they relate to decision making is a crucial task in identifying aspects of major projects; however, current literature has a deficit of this focus in regards to large-scale projects and large communities. This study aims to bolster the understanding of these large community preferences as they relate to large-scale projects. The study was conducted at two American Astronomical Society (AAS) conferences to gain information from the astrophysics community regarding NASA Decadal missions. Community preferences for Decadal missions are assessed through the Decadal Survey to summarize the opinions of the astronomical community regarding which missions …
Appraisal-Tendency Framework: Emotions And Perceptions Of Social Injustice, Sarah Tucker, Theresa Depriest
Appraisal-Tendency Framework: Emotions And Perceptions Of Social Injustice, Sarah Tucker, Theresa Depriest
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
This research project studies the Appraisal-Tendency Framework. Specifically, it observes whether emotional dispositions, such as sadness-proneness or trait anger, affect judgements made on whether a situation is just or unjust. In addition, this study also presents the question of whether gender impacts perceptions of fairness. All participants will be recruited from a Southeastern University. This study consists of two parts. For part one, all participants will complete an online survey to assess individual differences. Part two contains the experimental manipulations. This study uses a 2 (emotional induction) x 2 (gender of actor) design. For the emotional induction, participants will be …
Office Housework: Standalone Concept Or Organizational Citizenship Behavior?, Macie E. Mussleman, Judith Van Hein
Office Housework: Standalone Concept Or Organizational Citizenship Behavior?, Macie E. Mussleman, Judith Van Hein
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
The purpose of the project is to determine if the concept of Office Housework (OH) is included as an Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) or if the two are different and form two separate constructs. This project proposes to use two preexisting OCB measures and a list of OH tasks and have participants rate each item on how well it represents the behavior of an ideal employee. The results will be analyzed via confirmatory factory analysis (CFA). Additionally, this study seeks to determine if men are participating in less OH than women because of lower self-efficacy for tasks of that nature. …
Appraisal -Tendency Framework: Emotions And Perceptions Of Social Injustice, Sarah Tucker, Theresa Depriest, Satoris S. Howes Dr., Alexander Jackson
Appraisal -Tendency Framework: Emotions And Perceptions Of Social Injustice, Sarah Tucker, Theresa Depriest, Satoris S. Howes Dr., Alexander Jackson
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
This research project studies the Appraisal-Tendency Framework. Specifically, it observes whether emotional dispositions, such as sadness-proneness or trait anger, affect judgements made on whether a situation is just or unjust. In addition, this study also presents the question of whether gender impacts perceptions of fairness. All participants will be recruited from a Southeastern University. This study consists of two parts. For part one, all participants will complete an online survey to assess individual differences. Part two contains the experimental manipulations. This study uses a 2 (emotional induction) x 2 (gender of actor) design. For the emotional induction, participants will be …
A Matter Of Time: Exploring Survival Analysis Through Cybersecurity, Rachel Whitman, Ana Kriletic, Daniel Svyantek
A Matter Of Time: Exploring Survival Analysis Through Cybersecurity, Rachel Whitman, Ana Kriletic, Daniel Svyantek
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Despite the impact of employee behavior on organizational security, the topic of cybersecurity historically remains the responsibility of Information Security Management researchers and Information Technology professionals. However, the exponential increase in the prevalence and repercussions of cyber-related incidents invites collaboration between the fields of I-O Psychology and cybersecurity. The proposed presentation discusses the potential for I-O Psychology to contribute to cybersecurity efforts while demonstrating the fundamentals and applicability of survival analysis.
Validating An Ally Skill-Building Workshop: Assessing Antecedents And Outcomes, Chelsea Wymer, Alexandra Zelin
Validating An Ally Skill-Building Workshop: Assessing Antecedents And Outcomes, Chelsea Wymer, Alexandra Zelin
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Ally Skill-Building workshops are a recent development within the diversity field. Building allies in the workplace is essential to creating a culture of inclusion and respect and assists in mitigating the potential negative implications of an ever-increasing diverse workforce. While theoretical evidence exists surrounding individual and contextual factors that may impact the effectiveness of an Ally Skill-Building Workshop, no study has addressed the social norms, personality dispositions, biases stemming from social categorizations, reactions, and behavioral intentions over time. Specifically, assessing the level of inclusivity of participating organizational departments via social norms will help determine the environment in which an ally …
Part-Task Training Versus Whole-Task Training For Simple Versus Complex Tasks, Kerstie Mckinzey Hillman, Michael Hein, Ph.D.
Part-Task Training Versus Whole-Task Training For Simple Versus Complex Tasks, Kerstie Mckinzey Hillman, Michael Hein, Ph.D.
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
There is a plethora of approaches to training people on complex tasks. One method that has commonly been used is the whole-task training approach. Whole-task training occurs when an individual or group of people are trained on a task in its entirety within one training session (Wightman & Lintern, 1985). Another approach that has been used to train individuals on a complex task is through part-task training. Part-task training involves breaking down a complex task into smaller elements and training individuals on each of these elements before having to perform the task as a whole (Hasher, 1971). Throughout literature there …
Part-Task Training Versus Whole-Task Training For Simple Versus Complex Tasks, Kerstie Hillman
Part-Task Training Versus Whole-Task Training For Simple Versus Complex Tasks, Kerstie Hillman
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
There is a plethora of approaches to training people on complex tasks. One method that has commonly been used is the whole-task training approach. Whole-task training occurs when an individual or group of people are trained on a task in its entirety within one training session (Wightman & Lintern, 1985). Another approach that has been used to train individuals on a complex task is through part-task training. Part-task training involves breaking down a complex task into smaller elements and training individuals on each of these elements before having to perform the task as a whole (Hasher, 1971). Throughout literature there …
Validating An Ally Skill-Building Workshop: Assessing Antecedents And Outcomes, Chelsea Wymer, Alexandra Zelin
Validating An Ally Skill-Building Workshop: Assessing Antecedents And Outcomes, Chelsea Wymer, Alexandra Zelin
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Ally Skill-Building workshops are a recent development within the diversity field. Building allies in the workplace is essential to creating a culture of inclusion and respect and assists in mitigating the potential negative implications of an ever-increasing diverse workforce. While theoretical evidence exists surrounding individual and contextual factors that may impact the effectiveness of an Ally Skill-Building Workshop, no study has addressed the social norms, personality dispositions, biases stemming from social categorizations, reactions, and behavioral intentions over time. Specifically, assessing the level of inclusivity of participating organizational departments via social norms will help determine the environment in which an ally …
Dysfunctional Retention: The Case Of Abused Worker Syndrome, Alexandra Zelin, Lisa Burke-Smalley
Dysfunctional Retention: The Case Of Abused Worker Syndrome, Alexandra Zelin, Lisa Burke-Smalley
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Extending work from the realm of counseling psychology into the work environment, we examine the workplace complement of “battered person/spouse syndrome” in which workers stay with the organization despite experiencing abuse. We define this abused worker syndrome (AWS) as an association of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-type symptoms and other symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, low self-esteem), resulting from aversive incidents of psychological (i.e., non-physical) abuse at work. Our presentation will examine the contextual, relational, and individual antecedents of AWS, the psychological processes underlying targets staying, along with the associated workplace outcomes experienced by the targeted worker. We contribute a conceptual model …
Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Program: Targeting Leaders To Enhance Organizational Culture, Caitlin C. Meyer, Alexandra Zelin
Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Program: Targeting Leaders To Enhance Organizational Culture, Caitlin C. Meyer, Alexandra Zelin
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Sexual harassment has become a prominent issue in workplaces and society as a whole. However, to effectively address the issue of sexual harassment and identify methods to reduce it in the workplace, it needs to be clearly defined and understood. Sexual harassment manifests in three forms which often overlap and are antecedents of one another: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion (The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, NASEM, 2018). Gender harassment is the most common form of sexual harassment and is characterized by crude behavior, hostility, objectification, and exclusion rooted in the basis of gender (NASEM, …
The Effect Of Job-School Similarity On Work-School Conflict And Work-School Facilitation, Richard Evitts, Mark Frame Dr.
The Effect Of Job-School Similarity On Work-School Conflict And Work-School Facilitation, Richard Evitts, Mark Frame Dr.
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
A recent study out of Georgetown University found that 40 percent of undergraduates and 76 percent of graduate students work full-time. Although these percentages are relatively high, working students have traditionally been understudied (Park & Sprung, 2017). The dual demand of scholarly activities and job requirements can create inter-role conflict, which occurs when the demands of one area interfere with demands of another (Oviatt et al., 2017). Ample literature exists concerning role conflict, but work-school conflict has only recently garnered more attention. Work-school conflict (WSC) is defined as conflict that occurs when work requires time away from school or when …
Examining The Reasons For And Barriers To Becoming A Police Officer, Sayer-Jane Vermeer, Mark C. Frame
Examining The Reasons For And Barriers To Becoming A Police Officer, Sayer-Jane Vermeer, Mark C. Frame
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
With ever-growing tension between police and the community, both police organizations and communities are recognizing the need and working toward increased representation in police organizations (Brunson, 2007; Szeto, 2014). Despite the effort of many police organizations over the years, the problem of underrepresentation has not improved (Jordan, Fridell, Fagiani, & Kubu, 2009). It has become clear that there is something that has yet to be identified and/or studied preventing underrepresented populations from being interested in or recruited into police organizations. The U.S. Department of Justice and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s 2016 report on Advancing Diversity in Law Enforcement identified three …
Finding The Early Talent: Factors Predicting Early Advanced Math Enrollment, Jessica Harris, Yasmin Ayala-Johnson, Elise Haylett, Tessa Jackson, Sydney Kopelic, Shawn Bergman
Finding The Early Talent: Factors Predicting Early Advanced Math Enrollment, Jessica Harris, Yasmin Ayala-Johnson, Elise Haylett, Tessa Jackson, Sydney Kopelic, Shawn Bergman
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
Early exposure to advanced math classes have shown higher levels of college readiness for students. However, there is evidence of a discriminatory gap among students of marginalized backgrounds in placement of these advanced courses. To examine this, three years of data from approximately 10,500 student will be used to develop and validate predictive models that examines both enrollment and performance in advanced math courses in the eighth grade. Data will come from a longitudinal study taking place in rural North Carolina. This research will use the predictive models to determine which students will be selected for eighth grade advanced math …
The Influence Of Harasser-Victim Dyads And Observer Sex On Perceived Sexual Harassment, Katherine G. Kaufling, Ciara G. Incorvati, Christopher B. Andrew, Allison C. Farmer, Hank Rothgerber, Alania C. Keim
The Influence Of Harasser-Victim Dyads And Observer Sex On Perceived Sexual Harassment, Katherine G. Kaufling, Ciara G. Incorvati, Christopher B. Andrew, Allison C. Farmer, Hank Rothgerber, Alania C. Keim
River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference
This study investigated how sex of an observer, harasser, and victim may influence perceptions of sexual harassment (SH). We hypothesized that (1) women would perceive more sexual harassment than men, across all study conditions, (2) the most sexual harassment would be perceived in male harasser-female victim vignettes, (3) the least sexual harassment would be perceived in female harasser-male victim vignettes, (4) Men in the no definition control group would report the most perceived SH, those in the MacKinnon (more inclusive) definition condition would perceive slightly less SH than those in the control condition, but more than those in the EEOC. …