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Survey For Sexual Harassment In Public Libraries, Candice Benjes-Small, Allison Wisecup, Joanna Hunter, Jennifer Whicker, Jennifer Knievel
Survey For Sexual Harassment In Public Libraries, Candice Benjes-Small, Allison Wisecup, Joanna Hunter, Jennifer Whicker, Jennifer Knievel
W&M Libraries Publications
No abstract provided.
Dietary Shifts And The Need For Increased Sustainability Approaches In The Global Aquaculture Seafood System, Darien D. Mizuta
Dietary Shifts And The Need For Increased Sustainability Approaches In The Global Aquaculture Seafood System, Darien D. Mizuta
VIMS Articles
Recent shifts in the global dietary preferences have indicated the fast-growing choice for plant-based, or meat-reduced diets. Among the motivations for such choices, which are increasingly advocated by nations and environmental institutions, is the major concern with global environmental sustainability and impacts of food production systems. Incontestably, the animal food source industry is extremely diverse, and seafood production through the aquaculture value chain remains unfamiliar to key stakeholders possibly leading to an uncomprehensive view and often biased perception of the farming industry within the environmental context. Accordingly, I discuss the importance of seafood production systems, such as the fastest seafood …
“I Got A Migraine And That Sucked”: College Students’ Affective Stance Towards Their Migraine Experiences, Megha Vasudevan
“I Got A Migraine And That Sucked”: College Students’ Affective Stance Towards Their Migraine Experiences, Megha Vasudevan
Undergraduate Research Awards
Migraines are a genetically influenced disorder and they are a common cause for disability (Ruschel & Jesus, 2023). This study seeks to examine the affective stance of college students towards their migraines. Affective stance refers to overt expressions of emotions in relation towards a particular entity to convey an emotional position in relation to that entity (Du Bois & Kärkkäinen, 2012, Kiesling 2022). Since this study was seeking to research a specific community, both participants were recruited because of their migraine experience. The findings of this study reveal that college students generally take a negative stance towards their migraine experiences, …
The Body In Pieces: Towards A Feminist Phenomenology Of Violence, Archana Kaku
The Body In Pieces: Towards A Feminist Phenomenology Of Violence, Archana Kaku
Arts & Sciences Articles
This article proposes that feminist phenomenology offers an essential set of conceptual tools for analysing forms of violence which destroy the body beyond the point of death. To illustrate the potential utility of this approach, I apply this lens to the 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City. I identify several distinct modes of bodily transformation from the attack, grouped into three broad categories: vaporised bodies, intermingled remains, and hidden fragments. I describe how these transformations unsettled the relationships between bodies and contexts, and occasioned the formation of new relationships in ways that …
Continuity And Change In Saudi Arabia’S Development And Humanitarian Aid, Narayani Sritharan, Ammar A. Malik, Asad Sami
Continuity And Change In Saudi Arabia’S Development And Humanitarian Aid, Narayani Sritharan, Ammar A. Malik, Asad Sami
AidData
This paper delves into the motivations and drivers behind Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid, shedding light on the interplay between geopolitics, religious affinity, and strategic objectives. Drawing on newly released empirical data from the Saudi Aid Platform (SAP) dataset, encompassing 47 years of aid delivery, the study seeks to answer the long-standing debate surrounding the factors shaping Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid decisions. The study focuses on two pivotal periods: the Bosnian War and the post-Arab Spring era. By examining Saudi aid allocations during these periods, we investigate the influence of foreign policy and geostrategic objectives versus the humanitarian needs of the …
The Matching Function And Nonlinear Business Cycles, Joshua Bernstein, Alexander W. Richter, Nathaniel A. Throckmorton
The Matching Function And Nonlinear Business Cycles, Joshua Bernstein, Alexander W. Richter, Nathaniel A. Throckmorton
Arts & Sciences Articles
The Cobb-Douglas matching function is ubiquitous in labor search and matching models, even though it imposes a constant matching elasticity that is unlikely to hold empirically. To examine the implications of this discrepancy, this paper uses a general constant returns to scale matching function to derive conditions that show how the cyclicality of the matching elasticity affects the shape of the job finding rate as a function of productivity and amplifies or dampens nonlinear labor market dynamics. It then shows that modest variation in the matching elasticity, consistent with recent estimates, significantly affects higher order moments and optimal policy. This …
Creating New Knowledge With Undergraduate Students: Institutional Incentives And Faculty Agency, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Paula M. Pickering, Jamie E. Settle, Michael J. Tierney
Creating New Knowledge With Undergraduate Students: Institutional Incentives And Faculty Agency, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Paula M. Pickering, Jamie E. Settle, Michael J. Tierney
Arts & Sciences Articles
Undergraduate students today face a more demanding and competitive labor market than their parents’ generation. In response, some pursue double majors to signal breadth to potential employers and to improve their job prospects. Some students also realize that a strong signal of workplace readiness is acquiring in-demand skills through independent and collaborative research. In this article, four professors at an undergraduate-focused public university in the United States share their experiences working with undergraduate students on research, focusing on the “supply side” of student research training and mentoring. We discuss how institutions can support differently situated faculty members, who face different …
Race And Racial Exclusion In Security Studies: A Survey Of Scholars, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Arturo C. Sotomayor, Maria Rost Rublee, Meredith Loken, Et Al.
Race And Racial Exclusion In Security Studies: A Survey Of Scholars, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Arturo C. Sotomayor, Maria Rost Rublee, Meredith Loken, Et Al.
Arts & Sciences Articles
Increased attention to racialized knowledge and methodological whiteness has swept the political science discipline, especially international relations. Yet an important dimension of race and racism continues to be ignored: the presence and status of scholars of color in the discipline. In contrast to other fields, there is little research on (under)representation of scholars of color in security studies, and no systematic studies of race and racial exclusion that center their voices and experiences. Building on scholarship that contends with the fundamental whiteness of academia and knowledge creation, we present results from a 2019 survey of members of the International Security …
Documenting Multilingualism And Contact, Lenore A. Grenoble, Jack B. Martin
Documenting Multilingualism And Contact, Lenore A. Grenoble, Jack B. Martin
Arts & Sciences Articles
In order to understand why languages become endangered, linguists must shift from documenting the last fluent speakers to documenting the larger ecology of language use in an area. The papers in this special issue all address different aspects of documenting language multilingualism. They address three related topics: (1) consideration of the state of multilingualism in endangered language ecologies; (2) tools and methods for transcribing, annotating, analyzing and presenting multilingual corpora; and (3) methods in documenting and studying language contact in process.
Infrastructures Of Race? Colonial Indigenous Segregation And Contemporaneous Urban Sorting, Luis Baldomero-Quintana, Guillermo Woo-Mora, Enrique De La Rosa-Ramos
Infrastructures Of Race? Colonial Indigenous Segregation And Contemporaneous Urban Sorting, Luis Baldomero-Quintana, Guillermo Woo-Mora, Enrique De La Rosa-Ramos
Arts & Sciences Articles
We study the impacts of a colonial segregation policy on modern-day spatial population patterns and residential sorting by human capital in Mexican cities. After the Conquest, the Spanish aimed to segregate Indigenous individuals into settlements called pueblos de indios. While the segregation policy lasted until the end of the colonial era, we use present-day census data at the block level on population, schooling and access to medical services to understand the persistent effects of pueblos on within-city structure. First, we document a spatial non-monotonic correlation between the location of the pueblos and population deagglomerations. Second, we study the causal impact …
Beyond Self-Care: Forging Sustainable Practices In Academic Librarianship, Candice Benjes-Small
Beyond Self-Care: Forging Sustainable Practices In Academic Librarianship, Candice Benjes-Small
W&M Libraries Publications
Do you enjoy your work as much as you used to? Do your colleagues seem tired, even at the start of the semester or after a break? Burnout among academic librarians is well established. We need to look beyond the cliched self-care advice of yoga, therapy, and time off and consider how the systems and cultures of our organization contribute to burnout. Let's explore ways to develop healthier workplaces.
Black Lives, White Kids: White Parenting Practices Following Black-Led Protests, Allison P. Anoll, Andrew M. Engelhardt, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel
Black Lives, White Kids: White Parenting Practices Following Black-Led Protests, Allison P. Anoll, Andrew M. Engelhardt, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel
Arts & Sciences Articles
Summer 2020 saw widespread protests under the banner Black Lives Matter. Coupled with the global pandemic that kept America’s children in the predominant care of their parents, we argue that the latter half of 2020 offers a unique moment to consider whites’ race-focused parenting practices. We use Google Trends data and posts on public parenting Facebook pages to show that the remarkable levels of protest activity in summer 2020 served as a focusing event that not only directed Americans’ attention to racial concepts but connected those concepts to parenting. Using a national survey of non-Hispanic white parents with white school-age …
Quality Of Communications Infrastructure, Local Structural Transformation, And Inequality, Camilo Acosta, Luis Baldomero-Quintana
Quality Of Communications Infrastructure, Local Structural Transformation, And Inequality, Camilo Acosta, Luis Baldomero-Quintana
Arts & Sciences Articles
We analyze the causal impact of improvements in the quality of communication infrastructure on the structural transformation of US counties. Our treatment is the quality of communication infrastructure in a county, measured by the average Internet speed offered to businesses. We use as an instrumental variable the spatial structure of ARPANET, a network funded by the Department of Defense that is considered the precursor of the Internet, and whose location we determine using historical government documents. We show that faster Internet stimulates short-run growth and increases the shares of employment and GDP in high-skilled services, while negatively affecting sectors such …
Propaganda, Fake News, And You, Candice Benjes-Small
Propaganda, Fake News, And You, Candice Benjes-Small
W&M Libraries Publications
Let’s learn how propaganda techniques are used to promote fake news, and practice spotting them in the Internet wild to help us become better media consumers.
Contact And Context: How Municipal Traffic Stops Shape Citizen Character, Allison P. Anoll, Derek A. Epp, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel
Contact And Context: How Municipal Traffic Stops Shape Citizen Character, Allison P. Anoll, Derek A. Epp, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel
Arts & Sciences Articles
Previous research shows that how the state conducts itself influences citizen attitudes and behaviors through direct and proximal contact; we show the actions of state agents ripple out even further. Joining bureaucratic data on a publicly observable state behavior—racial disparities in investigatory traffic stops—with survey data, this article shows that residing in a place with extreme racial disparities in traffic stops is associated with depressed confidence in the police even in the absence of more direct forms of contact. This relationship does not extend to participatory behaviors, however, in which only personal stop history and proximal contact are predictors. Racially …
Meat Substitutes: Current Status, Potential Benefits, And Remaining Challenges, Catherine A. Forestell, John B. Nezlek
Meat Substitutes: Current Status, Potential Benefits, And Remaining Challenges, Catherine A. Forestell, John B. Nezlek
Arts & Sciences Articles
Replacing traditional meat with meat substitutes may reduce environmental degradation and improve people’s health. We discuss two categories of meat substitutes: plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) and cultured meat (CM). Despite their benefits, some people may not accept these foods. Neither PBMA nor CM take the form of a solid piece of meat (e.g. a steak), and such cuts are popular. PBMA and CM are novel, and some people may avoid or be uninterested in trying these unfamiliar foods. People may be threatened by PBMA and CM because they have strong attachments to traditional meat or it threatens their social values …
The Economic Efficiency Of Aid Targeting, Ariel Benyishay, Matthew Dilorenzo, Carrie B. Dolan
The Economic Efficiency Of Aid Targeting, Ariel Benyishay, Matthew Dilorenzo, Carrie B. Dolan
Arts & Sciences Articles
How efficient is the targeting of foreign aid to populations in need? A long literature has focused on the impacts of foreign aid, but much rarer are studies that examine how such aid is allocated within countries. We examine the extent to which donors efficiently respond to exogenous budget shocks by shifting resources toward needier districts within a given country, as predicted by theory. We use recently geocoded data on the World Bank’s aid in 23 countries that crossed the lower-middle income threshold between 1995 and 2010 and thus experienced sharp aid reductions. We measure locations’ need along a number …
Trade Competition And Migration: Evidence From The Quartz Crisis, Tate Twinam
Trade Competition And Migration: Evidence From The Quartz Crisis, Tate Twinam
Arts & Sciences Articles
Foreign competition and technological change can both present threats to domestic industries, potentially resulting in out-migration from cities and regions where these industries are spatially agglomerated. In this paper, I study the migration effects of one such trade shock: The quartz crisis, which devastated the globally dominant Swiss watch industry in the 1970s. Using a differences-in-differences strategy, I show that this trade shock led to a rapid loss of population in affected areas, and a long-run change in growth patterns. This contrasts with many other studies of large trade shocks, which find little migration response. I highlight three key factors …
The Cash Crop Revolution, Colonialism And Economic Reorganization In Africa, Philip Roessler, Yannick I. Pengl, Robert Marty, Kyle Sorlie Titlow, Nicholas Van De Walle
The Cash Crop Revolution, Colonialism And Economic Reorganization In Africa, Philip Roessler, Yannick I. Pengl, Robert Marty, Kyle Sorlie Titlow, Nicholas Van De Walle
Arts & Sciences Articles
In the 19th and 20th centuries, African economies experienced a significant structural transformation from the slave trades to commercial agriculture. We analyze the long-run impact of this economic transition focusing on the dynamic effects of: shifting geographic fundamentals to favor agroclimatic suitability for cash crops; infrastructural investments to reduce trade costs; and external forward production linkages. Using agro-climatic suitability scores and historical data on the source location of more than 95 percent of all exports across 38 African states, we assess the consequences of these changes on economic reorganization across the continent. We find that colonial cash crop production had …
Locational Error In The Estimation Of Regional Discrete Choice Models Using Distance As A Regressor, Giuseppe Arbia, Paolo Berta, Carrie B. Dolan
Locational Error In The Estimation Of Regional Discrete Choice Models Using Distance As A Regressor, Giuseppe Arbia, Paolo Berta, Carrie B. Dolan
Arts & Sciences Articles
In many microeconometric studies distance from a relevant point of interest (such as a hospital) is often used as a predictor in a regression framework. Confidentiality rules, often, require to geo-mask spatial micro-data, reducing the quality of such relevant information and distorting inference on models’ parameters. This paper extends previous literature, extending the classical results on the measurement error in a linear regression model to the case of hospital choice, showing that in a discrete choice model the higher is the distortion produced by the geo-masking, the higher will be the downward bias in absolute value toward zero of the …
Fertility Trends And The Rising Costs Of Children, Sarita O'Neill
Fertility Trends And The Rising Costs Of Children, Sarita O'Neill
Undergraduate Research Awards
"From 1958 to 2021, fertility rates in the United States have declined from 3.5 births per woman to 1.8 births per woman (macrotrends). Declining fertility is a common trend in developed countries, specifically for countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Fertility is crucial to workforce replacement, so declining fertility rates have a direct impact on GDP. In the United States, the working-age population growth rate has fallen below the total population growth rate. Workforce replacement is the ratio of working-age people entering the workforce to retired age people exiting the workforce. Thispaper studies the relationship between …
“One Does Not Simply Categorize A Meme”: A Dual Classification System For Visual-Textual Internet Memes, Leslie Cochrane, Alexandra Johnson, Aubrey Lay, Ginny Helmandollar
“One Does Not Simply Categorize A Meme”: A Dual Classification System For Visual-Textual Internet Memes, Leslie Cochrane, Alexandra Johnson, Aubrey Lay, Ginny Helmandollar
Arts & Sciences Articles
Internet memes are a popular and long-standing genre of discourse on social media platforms, used to express everything from emotional states to political opinions. Dancygier and Vandelanotte (2017) define internet memes as intertextual, multimodal discourses that combine text with images. In order to capture and compare these rapidly-changing discourses, we propose a descriptive dual classification system for memes with two components: meme composition and multimodal quality. Meme composition categorizes memes by their structure—beyond the individual images they employ—and thus explains how memes recontextualize images and text to create new meanings. Multimodal quality serves to describe the way(s) that the text …
White Animals: Racializing Sheep And Beavers In The Argentinian Tierra Del Fuego, Mara Dicenta
White Animals: Racializing Sheep And Beavers In The Argentinian Tierra Del Fuego, Mara Dicenta
Arts & Sciences Articles
In the summer of 1946, a landowning bourgeoisie organized the II Livestock Exhibition of Tierra del Fuego, and the Argentinian Navy filmed the introduction of twenty Canadian beavers in the region. Both events echoed power disputes between a military government seeking to nationalize lands and capitals and the European landowners whose privileges were threatened. The events show that landowners and state officers negotiated their interests by articulating Argentina’s white exceptionalism with animals and against racialized others. Interrogating the interspecies articulation of whiteness in Tierra del Fuego during the 1940s, I examine how sheep and beavers helped secure white privilege through …
The Influence Of Internalized Heterosexism On Life Satisfaction: Comparing Sexual Minority Women In Belgium And Turkey, Esra Ummak, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş, Amber Pope, Jeffry Moe
The Influence Of Internalized Heterosexism On Life Satisfaction: Comparing Sexual Minority Women In Belgium And Turkey, Esra Ummak, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş, Amber Pope, Jeffry Moe
School of Education Articles
To date, the majority of research studying lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health has been conducted in Westernized, predominantly individualistic countries. Building on minority stress theory and models of LGBTQ health, we explored how sexual orientation and nationality moderated the association between internalized heterosexism and life satisfaction for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women living in two countries (Turkey and Belgium) with contrasting social contexts. The results of two-way MANOVA, in a sample of 339 Turkish and 220 Belgian LB women, revealed main effects but no interaction effects. LB women in Belgium reported less internalized heterosexism and more life …
Moving Beyond Free: A College Affordability Compact For The Next Generation, David H. Feldman, Christopher R. Marsicano
Moving Beyond Free: A College Affordability Compact For The Next Generation, David H. Feldman, Christopher R. Marsicano
Arts & Sciences Articles
"Free college programs have proliferated at the state and local levels over the past decade, focused primarily on the nation’s community colleges. President Biden’s $1.8 trillion American Families Plan includes funding to make community college tuition free for participating states, and the idea of federally supported tuition-free four-year public college education is also back in the spotlight. It is easy to see why: “free college” fits on a bumper sticker, and it offers a simple message that signals to low-income families and first-generation students that achieving a valuable postsecondary credential is possible for them. This can lead families to prioritize …
Running Naked And Unmasked In Goa: Pleasure In The Pandemic, R. Benedito Ferrão
Running Naked And Unmasked In Goa: Pleasure In The Pandemic, R. Benedito Ferrão
Arts & Sciences Articles
In November 2020, Indian celebrity Milind Soman posted a picture of himself on social media, which showed him running naked on a beach. He was charged with obscenity. This article considers the time and place of Soman’s act over the alleged impropriety. The photograph was taken on a beach in Goa, the tropical setting serving as a pleasure periphery to India which annexed the region in 1961. Accordingly, a longer history of states of undress in Indian advertising, filmmaking, and tourism are considered here to apprehend how Goa has been posited in the Indian imagination as a destination for wanton …
Atheism In Us And Uk Newspapers: Negativity About Non-Belief And Non-Believers, A. Maurtis Van Der Veen, Erik Bleich
Atheism In Us And Uk Newspapers: Negativity About Non-Belief And Non-Believers, A. Maurtis Van Der Veen, Erik Bleich
Arts & Sciences Articles
Atheists are among the most disliked “religious” groups in the United States, but the origins of this aversion remain poorly understood. Because the media are an important source of public attitudes, we analyze coverage of atheism and atheists in American and British newspapers. Using computational text analysis techniques, including sentiment analysis and topic modeling, we show that atheism is portrayed negatively by the print media. Significantly, we show that greater negativity is associated with atheism as a concept than with atheists as individuals. Building on this insight, and challenging arguments that prominent atheist intellectuals attract negative coverage, we also find …
The Influence Of Language-Specific And Universal Factors On Acquisition Of Motion Verbs, Rebecca Smyder, Kaitlyn Harrigan
The Influence Of Language-Specific And Universal Factors On Acquisition Of Motion Verbs, Rebecca Smyder, Kaitlyn Harrigan
Arts & Sciences Articles
This study explores children’s encoding of novel verbs referring to motion events, and finds influence of both language-specific and universal constraints on meaning. Motion verbs fall into two categories—manner verbs encode how a movement happens (run, swim), and path verbs encode the starting and ending point of a motion (enter, fall). Some languages express path more frequently in the verb (Spanish, Hebrew), and others manner more frequently (English, German). Our study expands on this previous work demonstrating sensitivity to these language-specific distributions, as well as expanding to test environmental factors representing a predictable …
Supplementary Material For Society Island Human-Centered Canoe-Web Database, Jennifer G. Kahn, Claudia Escue
Supplementary Material For Society Island Human-Centered Canoe-Web Database, Jennifer G. Kahn, Claudia Escue
Arts & Sciences Data
This document describes the structure of the Society Island Canoe-Webs Database. Data from 28 documents, including early European Explorer Accounts, Missionary Accounts, Ethnographic works, modern Botanical Surveys, and Archaeological and Museum Collection based studies, was mined in relation to pre-contact and contact era canoe manufacture and use in the Society Island archipelago of Eastern Polynesia (French Polynesia).
Childhood Health And The Changing Distribution Of Foreign Aid: Evidence From Nigeria’S Transition To Lower-Middle-Income Status, Carrie B. Dolan, Mckinley Saunders, Ariel Benyishay
Childhood Health And The Changing Distribution Of Foreign Aid: Evidence From Nigeria’S Transition To Lower-Middle-Income Status, Carrie B. Dolan, Mckinley Saunders, Ariel Benyishay
Arts & Sciences Articles
With sustained economic growth in many parts of the developing world, an increasing number of countries are transitioning away from the most subsidized development finance as they exceed income and other qualification requirements. Cross-country evidence suggests that Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors view the crossing over of the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) eligibility threshold to signal that a country needs less aid, with subsequent reductions in both IDA and other donors’ concessional funding. Within the health sector, it is particularly important to understand the implications of these status changes for children under five years of age since improving …