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Does Presentation Make A Difference To Risk Perception: Testing Different Formats For Communication Of Cancer Risks, Sandra C. Jones
Does Presentation Make A Difference To Risk Perception: Testing Different Formats For Communication Of Cancer Risks, Sandra C. Jones
Sandra Jones
Evidence suggests that the presentation format of risk information can affect people’s perceptions of risk and influence health-related decisions. In these studies we investigated the impact of four different risk presentation formats: standard presentation, risk ladder, different base rates and visual representations on women’s perceptions of developing breast cancer of lymphoma. We found that the different presentations had virtually no impact on the participant’s risk estimates. Only in the second study relating to risk perceptions for lymphoma was there a significant difference between conditions for estimated 10-year-risk, with those in the ladder present condition reporting a lower estimated risk. The …
Effects Of Embodiment On Perceptual And Affective Responses To Infant Crying, Jennifer B. Bisson
Effects Of Embodiment On Perceptual And Affective Responses To Infant Crying, Jennifer B. Bisson
Master's Theses
Three experiments were conducted to investigate how changes in bodily states might be related to perceptions of infant vocalizations. In Study 1, participants were asked to hold a pencil between their lips, mimicking a smile, while listening to infant crying. Although there were no embodied effects for perceptual ratings, results indicated that this manipulation decreased participants’ self-reported, negative affect. In Study 2, participants were played both infant crying and birdsong while exposed to similar embodied manipulations, including activation of muscles related to approach and withdrawal behavior. There were no embodied effects for ratings of crying or for affect. Comparing Study …
Beliefs About Alcohol And The College Experience As Moderators Of The Effects Of Perceived Drinking Norms On Student Alcohol Use, Lizabeth A. Crawford, Katherine B. Novak
Beliefs About Alcohol And The College Experience As Moderators Of The Effects Of Perceived Drinking Norms On Student Alcohol Use, Lizabeth A. Crawford, Katherine B. Novak
Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS
Many students view the abuse of alcohol as integral to the student role. Thus, they feel entitled to drink heavily without sanction. OLS regression was used to assess the extent to which these beliefs about alcohol and the college experience moderate the effects of descriptive and injunctive campus drinking norms on students’ levels of alcohol consumption. Overall, respondents who perceived that same-sex students on their campus drank heavily tended to drink heavily themselves. This relationship was, however, strongest among individuals who viewed the abuse of alcohol as part of being a student. Although general injunctive norms were not themselves associated …
Adolescents' Perceptions Of Bullying Involving Male Relational Aggression: Implications For Prevention And Intervention, Brian C. Johnson
Adolescents' Perceptions Of Bullying Involving Male Relational Aggression: Implications For Prevention And Intervention, Brian C. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Recent bullying research contradicts the stereotypes that only females use relational bullying and confirms that males use this type of bullying equally or more than females. No existing research could be found which examined differences in how each gender interprets relational bullying. Using a survey adapted from research on the rape myth and four video clips, researchers sought to examine gendered difference in the perception of relational bullying by males among adolescents. Two video clips depict scenes of cross-gender bullying and two clips depict scenes of male to male bullying. In total, 314 students in grades 8-12 participated in the …
Planning Policy And Public Perception In Small-Town Utah, Greg M. Platt
Planning Policy And Public Perception In Small-Town Utah, Greg M. Platt
Theses and Dissertations
City growth policies codify community values and serve as the basis for enforcement of community standards. If these policies do not match resident preferences for growth, potential exists for communities to grow in ways which make the community undesirable. This thesis examines whether adopted city growth policies match resident preferences in small towns in Utah. Findings include a strong relationship between resident preferences and city leader preferences for growth. Also, city staffs are poor readers of public sentiment relative to growth and growth management. Some cities are more effective in enacting city policies to match resident attitudes towards growth than …
Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett
Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Evidence suggests that listeners are limited to perceiving only three streams of auditory information when that information is presented within a rapid sequence of tonal elements. However, this limit has yet to be determined in a controlled setting while using complex tones. Because complex tones are more analogous to naturally occurring tones, finding this limit with complex tones would offer more ecological validity to the suggested perceptual limitation. Thus, Experiment 1 of the current investigation presented listeners with 2- to 5-tone sequences of sawtooth tones at a variety of presentation rates, instructing listeners to report the number of tonal events …
Using Internet Videoconferencing To Connect Fashion Students With Apparel Industry Professionals, Vera Bruce Ashley Edd
Using Internet Videoconferencing To Connect Fashion Students With Apparel Industry Professionals, Vera Bruce Ashley Edd
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy, benefits and student perceptions of using Internet videoconferencing and a web camera to connect college and university fashion students with apparel industry professionals. A total of 70 college and university fashion students, three instructors, and three apparel industry professionals participated in this introductory study. Data was collected through pre and post surveys from all three groups. Industry professionals were invited as guest speakers into the classroom via Internet videoconferencing using Skype and a web camera. The findings in the study indicated that students, instructors, and apparel industry professionals overwhelmingly benefited …
The Accuracy Of Observers' Estimates Of The Effect Of Glare On Nighttime Vision: Do We Exaggerate The Disabling Effects Of Glare?, Stacy Balk
All Dissertations
Designing headlights involves balancing two conflicting goals: maximizing visibility for the driver and minimizing the disabling effects of glare for other drivers. Complaints of headlight glare have increased recently. This project explored the relationship between subjective (discomfort and expected visual problems) and objective (actual visual problems) consequences of glare. Two experiments - a lab-based psychophysical study and a field study - quantified the accuracy of observers' estimates of the effects of glare on their acuity. In both experiments, participants over-estimated the extent to which glare degraded their ability to see a small high contrast target. Observers' estimates of the disabling …
Differences In Peer Perception Of Alcohol Use, Personal Alcohol Use, And Levels Of Intoxication Among Students At Virginia Commonwealth University From 2002 To 2004., William Evans
Theses and Dissertations
This study involves the examination of National Collegiate Health Assessment (NCHA) data collected by the VCU Wellness Resource Center. This study will compare trends in college student health behavior perceptions and personal activity regarding alcohol use, as self-reported via the NCHA data, with a particular focus on a comparison between 2002, which is the year that the Wellness Resource Center (then known as the Office of Health Promotion) first implemented an alcohol education campaign based upon a “social norms” theoretical framework, and 2004, after 18 months of intensive campaigning. Thus, the aim of the project is to examine the changes …
Earthquake Anxiety May Be Indicator Of Future Trouble, Cari Bourette
Earthquake Anxiety May Be Indicator Of Future Trouble, Cari Bourette
Cari Bourette
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Instructor-Avatar Immediacy In Second Life, An Immersive And Interactive 3d Virtual Environment, Sabine Karine Lawless-Reljic Edd
The Effects Of Instructor-Avatar Immediacy In Second Life, An Immersive And Interactive 3d Virtual Environment, Sabine Karine Lawless-Reljic Edd
Dissertations
Growing interest of educational institutions in desktop 3D graphic virtual environments for hybrid and distance education prompts questions on the efficacy of such tools. Virtual worlds, such as Second Life®, enable computer-mediated immersion and interactions encompassing multimodal communication channels including audio, video, and text-. These are enriched by avatar-mediated body language and physical manipulation of the environment. In this para-physical world, instructors and students alike employ avatars to establish their social presence in a wide variety of curricular and extra-curricular contexts. As a proxy for the human body in synthetic 3D environments, an avatar represents a 'real' human computer user …
The Effect Of Word Sociality On Word Recognition, Sean Seaman
The Effect Of Word Sociality On Word Recognition, Sean Seaman
Wayne State University Dissertations
While research into the role of semantic structure in the recognition of written and spoken words has grown, it has not looked specifically at the role of conversational context on the recognition of isolated words. This study was a corpus-based and behavioral exploration of a new semantic variable - sociality - and used on-line behavioral testing to obtain new word recognition data using the visual and auditory lexical decision tasks. The results consistently demonstrated that sociality is one of the most robust predictors of lexical decision performance. Overall, it appears that the visual lexical decision task is quite sensitive to …
The Perception Of Fairness Of Performance Appraisals, Tracy M. Prather
The Perception Of Fairness Of Performance Appraisals, Tracy M. Prather
ETD Archive
The perception of fairness in performance appraisals (PA) is one of the most important factors and considered a criterion when reviewing PA effectiveness (Jacobs, Kafry, and Zedeck, 1980). In this particular study, I examined numerous variables in three main categories: interpersonal, procedural, and outcome fairness. Keep in mind that although these are three distinct categories, they are all inter-related. One hundred ninety-two employees, from the research and development section of a large retail company, voluntarily participated. The results were slightly contradictory to what was expected yet they were good results. The interpersonal variable, manager effectiveness, along with the outcome variables, …
Sensor Data And Perception: Can Sensors Play 20 Questions, Cory Andrew Henson
Sensor Data And Perception: Can Sensors Play 20 Questions, Cory Andrew Henson
Kno.e.sis Publications
Currently, there are many sensors collecting information about our environment, leading to an overwhelming number of observations that must be analyzed and explained in order to achieve situation awareness. As perceptual beings, we are also constantly inundated with sensory data, yet we are able to make sense of our environment with relative ease. Why is the task of perception so easy for us, and so hard for machines; and could this have anything to do with how we play the game 20 Questions?