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Gold Mining And Economic And Social Change In West Africa, Michael Kevane
Gold Mining And Economic And Social Change In West Africa, Michael Kevane
Economics
Economic theory often suggests that social institutions are strongly influenced by specific geographic features of regions. The history of gold mining in West Africa, however, suggests that the relationship between mineral resources and social organization is complex and fluid. First, over the centuries gold mining revenues may have encouraged state formation, but at the same time opportunities for conflict and corruption may have undermined state functioning. Second, while gold extraction and trade required social organization, the interpersonal relationships engendered by gold mining also led to new identities and social institutions. These dialectical considerations illustrate how simple theories of how geography …
Regulatory Flexibilities And Tensions In Public Health And Trade: An Asian Perspective, Locknie Hsu
Regulatory Flexibilities And Tensions In Public Health And Trade: An Asian Perspective, Locknie Hsu
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Regulatory issues relating to public health are a source of tensions in recent trade and investment negotiations, treaties and disputes. Issues arising from the intersection between public health regulation and trade and investment treaties have given Asian states pause for thought. They have led to a critical need to confront the scope and meaning of legal obligations vis-a-vis public health and regulatory objectives, and their implications for stakeholder interests. The intersection and resulting tensions have already led the WTO, WHO and WIPO to work together in an unprecedented manner to address some of the issues at the global level. The …
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Trade, Regulation, Productivity, And Preferences, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Trade, Regulation, Productivity, And Preferences, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Between 1990 and 2008, air pollution emissions from U.S. manufacturing fell by 60 percent despite a substantial increase in manufacturing output. We show that these emissions reductions are primarily driven by within-product changes in emissions intensity rather than changes in output or in the composition of products produced. We then develop and estimate a quantitative model linking trade with the environment to better understand the economic forces driving these changes. Our estimates suggest that the implicit pollution tax that manufacturers face doubled between 1990 and 2008. These changes in environmental regulation, rather than changes in productivity and trade, account for …
Industry Career Guide: Wholesale And Retail Trade, Christopher James R. Cabuay, Paulynne Castillo
Industry Career Guide: Wholesale And Retail Trade, Christopher James R. Cabuay, Paulynne Castillo
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)
The Wholesale and Retail Trade (WRT) industry belongs to the services sector. In the Philippines, it is generally composed of three divisions, namely: Division 50, which consist of Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles, Retail Sale of Automotive Fuel, Division 51, on the other hand, which consist of Wholesale Trade and Commission Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles, and Division 52, consisting of Retail Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles, Repair of Personal and Household Goods.
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Trade, Regulation, Productivity, And Preferences, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Trade, Regulation, Productivity, And Preferences, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Between 1990 and 2008, emissions of the most common air pollutants from U.S. manufacturing fell by 60 percent, even as real U.S. manufacturing output grew substantially. This paper develops a quantitative model to explain how changes in trade, environmental regulation, productivity, and consumer preferences have contributed to these reductions in pollution emissions. We estimate the model’s key parameters using administrative data on plant-level production and pollution decisions. We then combine these estimates with detailed historical data to provide a model-driven decomposition of the causes of the observed pollution changes. Finally, we compare the model-driven decomposition to a statistical decomposition. The …
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Between 1990 and 2008, air pollution emissions from U.S. manufacturing fell by 60 percent despite a substantial increase in manufacturing output. We show that these emissions reductions are primarily driven by within-product changes in emissions intensity rather than changes in output or in the composition of products produced. We then develop and estimate a quantitative model linking trade with the environment to better understand the economic forces driving these changes. Our estimates suggest that the implicit pollution tax that manufacturers face doubled between 1990 and 2008. These changes in environmental regulation, rather than changes in productivity and trade, account for …
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Between 1990 and 2008, air pollution emissions from U.S. manufacturing fell by 60 percent despite a substantial increase in manufacturing output. We show that these emissions reductions are primarily driven by within-product changes in emissions intensity rather than changes in output or in the composition of products produced. We then develop and estimate a quantitative model linking trade with the environment to better understand the economic forces driving these changes. Our estimates suggest that the implicit pollution tax that manufacturers face doubled between 1990 and 2008. These changes in environmental regulation, rather than changes in productivity and trade, account for …
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Why Is Pollution From U.S. Manufacturing Declining? The Roles Of Environmental Regulation, Productivity, And Trade, Joseph S. Shapiro, Reed Walker
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Between 1990 and 2008, air pollution emissions from U.S. manufacturing fell by 60 percent despite a substantial increase in manufacturing output. We show that these emissions reductions are primarily driven by within-product changes in emissions intensity rather than changes in output or in the composition of products produced. We then develop and estimate a quantitative model linking trade with the environment to better understand the economic forces driving these changes. Our estimates suggest that the implicit pollution tax that manufacturers face doubled between 1990 and 2008. These changes in environmental regulation, rather than changes in productivity and trade, account for …
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Economic ties have spanned the contemporary border between Washington State and Canada for as long as the Pacific Northwest has been inhabited. The native peoples of North America interacted across the border for centuries prior to the arrival of European explorers. In the early 19th century, the major regional European economic entity was the Hudson’s Bay Company. The fur-trading operations of this British-chartered corporation took place throughout its “Columbia Department” (a region that straddled the modern Canada – U.S. border), with outposts at locations such as Fort Vancouver and Fort Nisqually. The contemporary border dates from 1846, when the 49th …
Unemployment And Economic Integration For Developing Countries, Haiwen Zhou
Unemployment And Economic Integration For Developing Countries, Haiwen Zhou
Economics Faculty Publications
While financial or trade integration between countries may increase the size of the market and aid the adoption of more advanced technologies, will it also increase the level of urban unemployment for a developing country? In this model, there is unemployment in the urban sector. Manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose increasing returns technologies to maximize profits. Financial firms provide capital to manufacturing firms and they also engage in oligopolistic competition. We show that an increase in the wage rate in the manufacturing sector changes neither the level of technology nor the level of employment in the manufacturing …