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White Animals: Racializing Sheep And Beavers In The Argentinian Tierra Del Fuego, Mara Dicenta

Arts & Sciences Articles

In the summer of 1946, a landowning bourgeoisie organized the II Livestock Exhibition of Tierra del Fuego, and the Argentinian Navy filmed the introduction of twenty Canadian beavers in the region. Both events echoed power disputes between a military government seeking to nationalize lands and capitals and the European landowners whose privileges were threatened. The events show that landowners and state officers negotiated their interests by articulating Argentina’s white exceptionalism with animals and against racialized others. Interrogating the interspecies articulation of whiteness in Tierra del Fuego during the 1940s, I examine how sheep and beavers helped secure white privilege through …

School Counselor Multicultural Counseling Competence Assessed By State School Counselor Licensure Examinations, Qi Shi, John Carey

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This study is the first systematic examination of how school counselor multicultural counseling competence (MCC) is addressed in state licensure examinations of school counselors. Results offer preliminary support to the notion that state licensure examinations indeed address some important aspects of MCC as identified by Holcomb-McCoy (2004). Yet considerable variability exists across examinations in the percentage of content devoted to these commonly addressed areas. Quantitative content analysis shows there are several important aspects of school counselor MCC are not being tested in state examinations. Discussions and implications are provided.

A Practical Guide To Literature Reviews And Research Questions For School-Based Counselors, Jonathan Ohrt, Dodie Limberg, Chanta Moore

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

School-based counselors and counselors-in-training need to be active consumers of high-quality research in order to incorporate research-supported strategies into their school counseling practice.. One way to become familiar with current research is through peer-reviewed journal articles. In order for school-based counselors to effectively translate what they have read in an article into counseling practice, they need to be able to identify if what they are reading is of high quality. In this article we provide counselors and counselors-in-training with a brief resource to constructively evaluate the quality of literature reviews as well as the research questions of an empirical study. …

Examining Variation In Compliance To A New School Counselor Policy By School And School Counseling Program Variables, Chloe Lancaster, Michelle Welch-Brasfield, Martha F. Burke

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

To address a gap in the research, we conducted a policy evaluation to investigate if a recent state policy change had met its intended goals to decrease school counselor ratios and increase their time with students. Participants included 143 PK-12 public school counselors in one state in the southeastern region of the United States. Results of this statewide study revealed; (a) a decline in ratios pursuant to policy adoption; (b) less non-counseling duties when following the policy; and (c) elementary level school counselors were more likely to meet policy guidelines as compared to secondary school counselors. School counselors who reported …

The Critical Need For Peer Clinical Supervision Among School Counselors, Pamelia E. Brott, Lorraine Dekruyf, Jung H. Hyun, Christopher R. Lafever, Sarah Patterson-Mills, Mariama I. Cook Sandifer, Victoria Stone

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

The ongoing need for clinical supervision of practicing school counselors in the United States has reached a critical point. Given the acute mental health needs of children and adolescents, staggering caseloads, and pandemic repercussions, school counselors often receive insufficient clinical support. Clinical supervision is necessary to safeguard against burnout, promote ethical practice, and encourage continual skill development for school counselors worldwide. Unfortunately, there remains a lack of available clinical supervision, trained supervisors, and practice-based strategies for providing consistent quality supervision for post-master’s school counselors. The authors present a rationale for peer clinical supervision of practicing school counselors in the US …

School Counselor Educators’ Reactions To Changes In The Profession: Implications For Policy, Evaluation, And Preparation, Jennifer Betters-Bubon, Emily Goodman-Scott, Olamojiba Bamgbose

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

In this transcendental phenomenological study and related data analysis (Creswell & Poth, 2018; Moustakas), authors explored school counselor educators’ perceptions regarding recent changes in the profession. Through six focus groups, participants (N = 29) shared their experience, resulting in four themes: (a) range of reactions to changes in the field, (b) school counseling is less valued in the counseling profession, (c) inconsistent school counselor educator identity, and (d) ardent advocacy. Authors discuss implications for school counselor preparation, identity, policy, and advocacy within an ecological framework and the need for additional national and international research.

Key words: counselor education, …

Behind Every Successful Diplomat Is Their Spouse: The Buffer Role Of Indian And Pakistani Diplomatic Spouses, Sania Shahid

Undergraduate Honors Theses

How do political dynamics between countries and the individual characteristics of diplomatic spouses affect their ability to take on a “buffer” role—that is, make interactions less contentious? The existing literature on diplomatic spouses focuses on gendered advantages that allow spouses to access unique information. Building on this body of literature, this study investigates the ideal setting for spouses to contribute to the diplomatic process. A content analysis was conducted of three memoirs written by diplomatic spouses, and this data was supplemented with semi-structured interviews of spouses of former or current bureaucratic elites from India and Pakistan. The analysis shows that …

The Influence Of Internalized Heterosexism On Life Satisfaction: Comparing Sexual Minority Women In Belgium And Turkey, Esra Ummak, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş, Amber Pope, Jeffry Moe

School of Education Articles

To date, the majority of research studying lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health has been conducted in Westernized, predominantly individualistic countries. Building on minority stress theory and models of LGBTQ health, we explored how sexual orientation and nationality moderated the association between internalized heterosexism and life satisfaction for lesbian and bisexual (LB) women living in two countries (Turkey and Belgium) with contrasting social contexts. The results of two-way MANOVA, in a sample of 339 Turkish and 220 Belgian LB women, revealed main effects but no interaction effects. LB women in Belgium reported less internalized heterosexism and more life …

The Effects Of Explicit And Implicit Racial Bias On Evaluations Of Individuals Involved With The Criminal Justice System, Annabelle Bass

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A racialization of crime exists in American society with Black men in particular being associated with crime. The purpose of this research was to examine whether perceptions of criminal sentencing decisions and perceptions of male criminal offenders would vary as a function of race and are associated with explicit and implicit racial bias. Four studies were conducted utilizing a within-subjects design in which participants viewed fictitious case records for Black and White criminal offenders and completed measures of bias and perceptions of the sentencing decision and the offenders themselves. Two studies included samples of White American adults (n = 113 …

The Dynamics Of Resilience In A Centering Meditation: A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial, Stephanie Dorais

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In use for centuries across nations, meditation is still one of the widely used interventions to promote holistic health. Despite its large research base, many forms of meditation in use still have yet to be subject to empirical research. Centering prayer has been an established contemplative practice since the third century and has recently gained popularity at the turn of the last century. Individuals practiced centering to find stillness and, through the stillness, their inner strength. Due to its lack of empirical evidence, centering practice has primarily remained in religious or contemplative circles outside instead of counseling treatment. Furthermore, it …

The Effects Of Antiracism Education On Confrontation Of Institutional Discrimination: A Game Theory Approach, Emma Wedell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Confrontation is an important mechanism to reduce racial prejudice and stereotyping. Yet, little research has examined White adults’ intended confrontation within the context of institutionally discriminatory policies that pose barriers to Black Americans seeking employment or investigated reactions to zero-sum and negative-sum anti-Black institutional discrimination. The present study investigated the effects of an antiracism educational exercise on White adults’ confrontation of zero-sum and negative-sum institutional discrimination. Participants (n = 195; Mage = 54.16) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) antiracism education with writing reflection, (2) antiracism education alone, or (3) a control condition. Participants next reported how …

Spirtual First Responders: The Experiences Of Imams In Their Mosques During Their Personalized Interactions With The Congregants They Serve, Leila Khalid Warraich

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of Imams in their mosques during their personalized interactions with the congregants they serve. A review of the literature was conducted, and the theoretical framework of the study was social constructivism. Eight Imams were identified as meeting the criteria for the study. Data collection consisted of a demographic questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and artifact collection. A hermeneutic phenomenological method was used to analyze the data which resulted in five themes around Imam’s experience with their congregants. Additional findings are also discussed, along with implications, limitations, and future research.

Moving Beyond Free: A College Affordability Compact For The Next Generation, David H. Feldman, Christopher R. Marsicano

Arts & Sciences Articles

"Free college programs have proliferated at the state and local levels over the past decade, focused primarily on the nation’s community colleges. President Biden’s $1.8 trillion American Families Plan includes funding to make community college tuition free for participating states, and the idea of federally supported tuition-free four-year public college education is also back in the spotlight. It is easy to see why: “free college” fits on a bumper sticker, and it offers a simple message that signals to low-income families and first-generation students that achieving a valuable postsecondary credential is possible for them. This can lead families to prioritize …

The Effectiveness Of Health, Environmental, And Animal Welfare-Focused Video Appeals On Implicit And Explicit 'Wanting' Of Meat And Intentions To Reduce Meat Consumption, Luke Herchenroeder

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

High levels of meat production/consumption negatively impact physical health, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare. As a result, documentaries focused on increasing knowledge of these negative consequences have emerged in popular media. Given this information, the present study examined and compared the effects of these video appeals on intentions to reduce meat consumption and ‘wanting’ of meat. In the analytic sample, most participants identified as White non-Hispanic (n = 237; 58.8%), with a smaller proportion identifying as Asian American or Asian (n =101; 24.9%), as Black or African American (n = 54; 13.3%), as Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin (9.4%), …

I Should Know Better: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Of New Counselors' Experiences Navigating Their Implicit Biases, Okenna Egwu

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Implicit biases are known to have potentially damaging effects in counselors’ professional work. Although it is widely accepted that all people have these personal and unconscious biases, it has been difficult for researchers to identify strategies for consistently eradicating them on an individual level. To engage in multiculturally competent practice, counselors are directed to make every effort to eliminate latent biases. In order to understand how clinicians go about doing this, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was employed to explore the nature of counselors’ experiences navigating and addressing their implicit biases. The findings of this study revealed a need for more training …

Activities And Role Of School Counselors In West Virginia: A Comparison To A National Sample, Lijuan He, Barb Brady, John C. Carey

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

A national study of school counselor role and professional activities (Fan et al., 2019) was replicated using a West Virginia (WV) school counselor sample to determine if WV’s unique context and state policies would reflect a difference in how counselors perceive their roles and conduct professional practices. The comparison between WV sample and its national counterparts showed that school counselors grade level is robustly related to professional practice, with high school counselors demonstrating different levels of work focus than middle and elementary counselors. The WV sample did not demonstrate any practically significant differences from the previously collected national U.S. sample …

An Interview With Dr. Trish Hatch: An Advocate For School Counseling Policy, Jan L. Gay

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

Dr. Trish Hatch has served as a leader in school counselor policy and advocacy for over 30 years. As a co-author of the ASCA National Model, Dr. Hatch has worked tirelessly to establish school-based policies to promote the profession of school counseling at the district, state, and federal levels. This interview serves to provide readers with insight on the importance of advocacy and understanding how to navigate political systems to affect policies that influence the profession of school counseling.

A Systematic Literature Review Of School-Counsellor-Led Group Counselling Interventions Targeting Academic Achievement: Implications For Research And Practice, Sam Steen, Qi Shi, Jennifer Melfie

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This article reviews group counselling interventions conducted by school counsellors that aimed to improve academic achievement. A total of 12 studies met these criteria. The studies that used comprehensive/comparative tests and GPA as academic achievement outcome measures had moderate to large effect sizes. Secondly, this review broadly examined whether a protocol or group manual was used, the number of group sessions, and demographic information of the group leaders and students. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided including exploring more international articles.

A Review Of Program Evaluation In School Counseling: Improving Comprehensive And Developmental Programs, Amanda D. Rumsey

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This book review includes a detailed overview and discussion of Michael S. Trevisan and John C. Carey’s book: Program Evaluation in School Counseling: Improving Comprehensive and Developmental Programs, New York, NY: Routledge, 132 pages, $124.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9781138346574. The review includes strengths and potential issues regarding the text’s value and uses in graduate programs and school counseling practice. Overall, the book is a great resource and would be helpful knowledge for anyone working in the context of school counseling.

Small Town Happenings: Local News Values And The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Local Newspapers, Dana Armstrong

Undergraduate Honors Theses

According to reports on The Expanding News Desert by Penelope Muse Abernathy (2020), between 2004 and the beginning of 2020, the United States lost 2,100, or over a quarter, of its newspapers. Between April 2020 and April 16, 2021, the news desert increased as over 60 newspapers across the country closed or merged due to the financial fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continued competition of the internet.

There is ample research showing the decline of local newspapers in the United States. However, there is far less research showing how the coverage of local news publications in …

The Catalytic Effect And The Imf: The Relationship Between Capital Inflows And Imf Program Characteristics, Matthew Levinson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Interventions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are believed to impact external capital inflows to recipient countries, which has the potential to amplify the overall effectiveness of IMF programs. However, the true extent of this catalytic effect remains debated. While previous studies have examined the catalytic effect of the IMF at the aggregate level, this research isolates specific types of IMF programs and analyzes their relationship with specific types of financial inflows for a better understanding of the heterogeneity in program effectiveness with respect to the catalytic effect. I find that program type plays a significant role in the strength …

International Trade And Revenue-Based Total Factor Productivity: A Firm-Level Analysis, Dongyang Wang

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Economists concur that international trade is conducive to economic growth. However, at the firm level, variation exists. In this article, my goal is to conduct economic analysis on firm- level data and study the productivity effects of trade. With the comprehensive World Bank Enterprise Surveys data, I first explore trade patterns across different firms, controlling for industry, firm size, and the legal status of the firm. I then conduct regression analysis to identify characteristics of firms that participate in trade. Finally, I use an instrumental variable regression to study the causal relationship between a firm’s productivity and its participation in …

Playing By The Rules: The Use Of Special Rules In The Contemporary United States House Of Representatives, Zachary Kirk

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Though it is one of the most powerful committees in Congress, the Rules Committee gets far too little attention. In this paper, I ask how the Rules Committee and amending process have been used in the contemporary United States House of Representatives by the party leadership to move legislation. I begin with an explanation of the function and history of the Rules Committee, including its evolution into an arm of the House leadership in the present day. This is followed by a discussion of the legislative theories that could explain leader behavior and how they may be using the Rules …

How Differences In Political Ideology Impact Close Relationships, Erin Murray

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Previous research on close relationships highlights the importance of similarities between individuals in a relationship. Studies have shown a recent propensity to avoid individuals who differ in political opinions. In two studies, using measures of political ideology and relationship satisfaction, the present research examined how political differences related to relationship satisfaction in romantic relationships (Study 1) and friendships (Study 2). We found that participants in romantic relationships expressed decreased relationship satisfaction if they perceived larger political differences between themselves and their partners. These results remained robust even after controlling for demographics and individual differences. We also found that friendships are …

The Denial Machine And Its Effects On Climate Policy, Peter Faragasso

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Climate policy at the federal level has failed since 1988, when James Hansen first testified to Congress about climate change. I take an interest group approach and ask why climate policy has so persistently failed. I identify a “denial machine”, organizations and individuals who have fought policy and the science behind climate change and have sought to derail efforts to pass comprehensive climate change legislation. I look at the denial machine’s effect at the grassroots level in affecting public opinion in section one, highlighting how successful this loose coalition was at undermining belief in climate science from 2008-2010, during the …

Defining Sexism: The Impact Of Elite Cues On Conceptualizations And Labeling Of Gender-Based Prejudice, Leslie Davis

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Hostile sexist attitudes, labeling of sexual harassment, and support for the #MeToo movement vary significantly by partisanship and political ideology (Cassese, Barnes, and Holman 2018; Warren, Schneider, and Gothreau working paper; Conroy 2019). But why do we see such discrepancies in how Republicans and Democrats recognize and perceive sexism? Past literature has shown the impact of partisan elites in shaping mass attitudes within the electorate (Druckman, Peterson, and Slothuus 2013; Zaller 1992). Could elites, both partisan and nonpartisan, impact how individuals label and conceptualize everyday sexism? By fielding an original survey experiment to a nationally representative sample that includes a …

Attentional Dysfunction In Schizophrenia: The Effects Of Dual Orexin Receptor Blockade On An Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model, Paige Little

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Hypofunctionality at the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a commonly used model of the neurodevelopmental disorder schizophrenia due to the complex circuitry changes that follow NMDAR blockade. While these animal models are very popular for modeling the cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia, actual treatments for this disorder remain sparse. Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides that are capable of modulating activity along pathways relevant to attention, but are rarely tested for their efficacy in attenuating attentional dysfunction. This study was conducted to determine if systemic administration of the dual orexin receptor antagonist filorexant (MK-6096) was able to attenuate sustained attentional dysfunction induced …

The Battle Between Expertise And Misinformation To Influence Public Opinion: A Focus On The Anti-Vaccination Movement, Alexandra Bongiorno

Undergraduate Honors Theses

How do experts and anti-vaccination advocates effectively influence public opinion? This study examines the role of experts and non-experts in influencing public opinion. It uses the anti-vaccination movement as a case study to observe the antagonism between expert opinion and misinformation and how they are perceived by and influence the public. In particular, I examine the relationships between social media, misinformation, and expert opinion and how these relationships impact individuals to form their opinions. Additionally, I measure individual components such as science education background, ideology, and social media use to determine the effects of personal factors on opinion formation. I …

Concentration And Nurse Staffing Outcomes In The Healthcare Labor Market, Lizzy Crotty

Undergraduate Honors Theses

I investigate impacts to the nursing occupation from a perspective of market concentration. I measure the concentration of healthcare employment opportunities across the U.S. with a Herfindahl-Hirshman Index, finding moderate levels of concentration that vary greatly in markets with different population sizes and different locations. I use a Weighted Least Squares model to investigate how changing market concentration is affecting nurse employment. Analysis across different regions and different levels of urbanicity finds statistically insignificant heterogeneous effects with noisy zero estimates. The results are inconclusive evidence against monopsony presence in the nursing labor market.

Accessing The Gray Area Between Phonetics And Phonology: The Development Of Vowel Length As A Subphonemic Cue, Abby Fergus

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Previous research has shown that speakers of English use vowel length as a subphonemic cue to the voicing of a following obstruent. Countless studies have demonstrated adults’ ability to make a voicing judgement based upon vowel length but studies with children have provided mixed and sometimes conflicting results. In the present study, we sought to first determine whether adults would exhibit varying sensitivity to vowel length based upon whether it is found in a position where it is predictive of the phonemic status of another sound (i.e. serving as a subphonemic cue). Second, we removed top-down information in order to …