Digital Commons Network^™

Attentional Biases To Foods: The Effects Of Caloric Content And Cognitive Restraint, Catherine A. Forestell, Pia Lau, Ivo I. Gyurovski, Cheryl L. Dickter, Sabrina S. Haque

Arts & Sciences Articles

The goal of the present study was to determine whether female restrained and unrestrained eaters demonstrated differential levels of attentional bias to high calorie foods when they were presented as distractors in a flanker task. This task consisted of four blocks of 68 trials in which three food pictures were briefly presented simultaneously on a computer screen. On each trial a high or low calorie target food was presented in the center of a pair of high or low calorie food flanker pictures and participants’ reaction times to answer a basic question about whether they would consume the target food …

The Queen's Agent: Sir Francis Walsingham And The Rise Of Espionage In Elizabethan England (Book Review), Kathleen Mccallister

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

State Unemployment In Recessions During 1991–2009 Was Linked To Faster Growth In Medicare Spending, Melissa Mcinerney

Arts & Sciences Articles

During the US recession of 2007–09, overall health care spending growth fell, but Medicare spending growth increased. Using state-level data from the period 1991–2009, we show that these divergent trends were also observed within states. Furthermore, increases in state unemployment rates were associated with higher Medicare spending per capita and increased hospital use by Medicare beneficiaries. For example, a one-percentage-point point rise in the unemployment rate was associated with a $40 (0.7 percent) increase in Medicare spending per capita. Our results suggest that economic downturns contribute to Medicare spending and use. One of many possible explanations may be that health …

Well Met: Renaissance Faires And The American Counterculture, Rachel Lee Rubin (Book Review), Kathleen Mccallister

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Economic Growth Without Structural Transformation: The Case Of Ethiopia, Paul Dorosh, Emily Schmidt, Admasu Shiferaw

Arts & Sciences Articles

Ethiopia is a highly agrarian economy, with a long history of substantial food insecurity. In recent years, however, the economy has seen substantial economic transformation, largely in the form of increased agricultural productivity and significant improvements in road infrastructure. But while these investments have contributed to impressive poverty reduction in recent years, structural transformation has been inhibited by the relatively slow development of an industrial sector, and modest rates of urbanization. Future development strategies will therefore need to search for the right balance between pro-poor investments in agriculture and rural development, and potentially more transformative investments in urban infrastructure and …

Through The Eye Of A Needle: Wealth, The Fall Of Rome, And The Making Of Christianity In The West, 350-550 Ad, Peter Brown (Book Review), Kathleen Mccallister

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Defining Immigrant Newcomers In New Destinations: Symbolic Boundaries In Williamsburg, Va, Deenesh Sohoni, Jennifer Bickham-Mendez

Arts & Sciences Articles

This article examines media representations of immigration in Williamsburg, Virginia, a ‘new immigrant destination’ in the USA. Through a content analysis of coverage in Williamsburg's local newspaper, we explore how reporters, columnists and readers draw on nationally and internationally circulating discourses to produce public interpretations of immigration issues and construct symbolic boundaries between and among in-groups and ‘others’ in the community. ‘National boundaries drawn locally’ captures how media actors use nationally recognizable frames to interpret local issues and define the parameters of community and national belonging. ‘Localized symbolic boundaries’ take their meanings from place-based, cultural understandings, specific economic conditions and …

Take Me Away: The Relationship Between Escape Drinking And Attentional Bias For Alcohol-Related Cues, Catherine A. Forestell, Cheryl L. Dickter, Chelsie M. Young

Arts & Sciences Articles

Previous research has indicated that implicit attentional bias to alcohol-related cues may serve as a cognitive measure of susceptibility to alcohol dependence. The primary goal of the current study was to examine whether college students who drink to escape dysphoric emotions or moods (i.e., escape drinkers) have stronger attentional biases for alcohol-related cues than non-escape drinkers. Additionally, because previous research has shown that presentation time and content of smoking-related stimuli moderates differences between smokers' and nonsmokers' reaction times, this study sought to determine whether these effects generalized to alcohol-related stimuli. Participants who were identified as either escape (n = …

Winter King: Henry Vii And The Dawn Of Tudor England, Thomas Penn (Book Review), Kathleen Mccallister

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

More Than Just A Pretty Face. The Relationship Between Infant’S Temperament, Food Acceptance, And Mothers’ Perceptions Of Their Enjoyment Of Food, Catherine A. Forestell, Julie A. Mennella

Arts & Sciences Articles

The goal of the present study was to determine whether mothers’ assessment of their infants’ temperament is associated with objective measures of the infant’s acceptance patterns and their judgments of the infants’ liking of a green vegetable. To this end, infants (N = 92) were video-recorded as their mothers fed them green beans. From these videos, we determined the frequency of facial distaste expressions made during the first 2 min of the feeding. Other measures included intake, maternal ratings of infants’ enjoyment of this vegetable, and temperament. Infants who scored high on the approach dimension of the temperament questionnaire …

Increasing Children's Consumption Of Fruit And Vegetables: Does The Type Of Exposure Matter?, Chelsea Osborne, Catherine A. Forestell

Arts & Sciences Articles

This study sought to determine how eight days of home exposure to information about healthful foods and eating behaviors in the form of children's books and a variety of fruit and vegetables interacted to affect 4- to 8-year-old children's (N = 59) consumption of fruit and vegetables. Before and after the home exposure, children participated in a task in which their consumption of a variety of fruit and vegetables that ranged in familiarity was measured. Results indicated that exposure to food and books were both effective at increasing consumption of fruit, but not vegetables. Additionally, children who were exposed …

On The Evanescent And Reminiscent, Brad Weiss

Arts & Sciences Articles

In classic accounts, taste is dismissed as a “proximal sense,” too brutish to admit of refinement; and yet the term “taste” is also a synecdoche of aesthetic judgment itself. These contrasts inform this paper, which illustrates their expression in ethnographic particulars drawn from my research on pasture-raised pork in North Carolina. My intention is not to demonstrate what taste really is, but to ask how the multidimensionality of taste is realized in practice. This inquiry might further illuminate the connection between human perception and systems of value.

The Anatomy Of College Tuition, Robert B. Archibald, David H. Feldman

Arts & Sciences Articles

A report by Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman based on their book, Why Does College Cost So Much? explores an economic framework for the forces driving college tuition.

Myths And Realities About Rising College Tuition, David H. Feldman

Arts & Sciences Articles

The list-price tuition at U.S. colleges and universities has risen by roughly 7% per year since the early 1980s. The inflation rate has averaged just 3.2%. These are some of the numbers that fuel public anxiety about how to pay for higher education.

The story of rising tuition is complex. Unfortunately, much of the public discussion about the cost of attendance is too simplistic. To understand the reasons for rising tuition, and the effect that this has on families, we need to break down the forces that affect how tuition is set and that determine who pays the bill.

A Comparison Of Daily And Occasional Smokers' Implicit Affective Responses To Smoking Cues, John Haight, Cheryl L. Dickter, Catherine A. Forestell

Arts & Sciences Articles

Previous research has not compared implicit affective responses to smoking-related stimuli in occasional (i.e., those who smoke less than one cigarette per day) and daily smokers (i.e., those who smoke at least once per day). In addition to assessing their motivations for smoking, implicit affective responses were measured using the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) in occasional (n = 19) and daily smokers (n = 34) to smoking-related and neutral cues. Half of the cues depicted a human interacting with an object (i.e., active), whereas the remaining cues depicted objects alone (i.e., inactive). Results indicated that for the active …

Peering Through The Smoke: The Effect Of Parental Smoking Behavior And Addiction On Daily Smokers’ Attentional Bias To Smoking Cues, Cheryl L. Dickter, Catherine A. Forestell

Arts & Sciences Articles

Although previous research has demonstrated that individuals with parents who smoke are more likely to become smokers and are less successful in smoking cessation efforts compared with those without a smoking parent, the reasons for this link have not been established. In the current study, implicit attentional bias to smoking-related cues was investigated in college-age smokers, based on models of addiction that suggest that attention to drug-related cues plays an important role in drug addiction. Sixty-one participants completed a dot-probe task to measure attentional bias to smoking-related and matched non-smoking-related control pictures. Results indicated that while those who reported smoking …

To Eat Or Not To Eat Red Meat. A Closer Look At The Relationship Between Restrained Eating And Vegetarianism In College Females, Catherine A. Forestell, Andrea M. Spaeth, Stephanie A. Kane

Arts & Sciences Articles

Previous research has suggested that vegetarianism may serve as a mask for restrained eating. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors of vegetarians (n = 55), pesco-vegetarians (n = 28), semi-vegetarians (n = 29), and flexitarians (n = 37), to omnivores (n = 91), who do not restrict animal products from their diets. A convenience sample of college-age females completed questionnaires about their eating habits, food choice motivations, and personality characteristics. Results indicated that while vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians were more open to new experiences and less food neophobic, …

Historical Overview Of Africans And African Americans In Yorktown, At The Moore House, And On Battlefield Property, 1635-1867 Colonial National Historical Park (Vol. 2), Julie Richter, Jody L. Allen

Arts & Sciences Books

The situation for African Americans in Yorktown did not improve much during the antebellum period. The possibility of being willed, sold, or mortgaged by a slaveholder remained. William Vail is one example. Vail had over thirty slaves and mongaged some or all of them at some point. When Vail died in 1834, he owned several lots in Yorktown but gave permission in his will to sell Ambrose, Caesar, Lucy, Bob, and Tom Bailey, if necessary to pay his debts. He left his wife, Louisa, William, Alfred, Molly, Carlia, Charlotte, Alice and her three children, as well as his "man Tom," …

Historical Overview Of Africans And African Americans In Yorktown, At The Moore House, And On Battlefield Property, 1635-1867 Colonial National Historical Park (Vol. 1), Julie Richter, Jody L. Allen

Arts & Sciences Books

The following report focuses on the lives and experiences of Africans and African Americans who lived and worked in Yorktown, at the Moore House, and on Battlefield Property between 1635 and 1867. The goal of this study is to highlight the role that Africans and African Americans played in Yorktown and the surrounding rural area. A wide variety of primary documents contain details about the enslaved men, women, and children who labored in the homes of Yorktown's elite residents, worked in the shops of the town's skilled artisans, and tended fields on nearby plantations. In addition, Yorktown was home to …

If Walls Could Talk: An Intimate History Of The Home, Lucy Worsley (Book Review), Kathleen Mccallister

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Emancipated Foster Youth's Transition From Care To Virginia Community Colleges, Shylan E. Scott

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The focus of this study was the experience of students who had successfully achieved the transition from foster care to enrollment in Virginia Community Colleges. The following questions guided the inquiry: How do students who are emancipating from foster care describe their transition to enrollment at one of the Virginia Community Colleges? What challenges do students who are emancipating from foster care face in the transition to college? What types of support do these students require to successfully transition to college?;This study used a qualitative approach to examine the transition from care of emancipated foster youth to post-secondary education. Narrative …

Conditioned Flavor Preferences In Children, Victoria Heinrichs Marshall

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

"A Dress Of The Right Length To Die In": Mortuary And Memorial Practices Amongst Depression-Era Tenant Farmers Of The Piedmont South, Zoey Alderman-Tuttle

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Booze At The Brothel: Alcohol-Related Artifacts And Their Use In Performance At The 27/29 Endicott Street Brothel, Amanda B. Johnson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Clockmaking Clerics And Ropemaking Lawyers: Mixing Occupational Roles In Early Modern Spain, Aaron Joshua Gregory

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Continuous Improvement Monitoring: An Analysis Of State Special Education Compliance Procedures, Barbara Richmond Blake

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The purpose of this policy analysis was to examine the responses of selected states to the special education monitoring requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) with particular attention paid to the years after this most recent reauthorization. This study examined the legislative and litigative history of students with disabilities including the gradually increasing role of the federal government in both general and special education.;The various approaches used by the selected states to monitor special education procedures and student outcomes were identified as well as the procedures used by these states in order to remediate non-compliance …

I'M Really Just An American: The Archaeological Importance Of The Black Towns In The American West And Late-Nineteenth Century Constructions Of Blackness, Shea Aisha Winsett

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Rise And Fall Of The Wb: "Dawson's Creek", Intertextuality, And Legitimation, Ambert R. J. P. Hodge

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Sexual Indiscretions In Virginia's Colonial Capital, Sarah Rebecca Schmidt

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Children's Understanding Of Incarceration, Johanna B. Folk

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.