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The Effects Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement On A Learning Task In Hospitalized Patients, Gary Robert Lancaster
The Effects Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement On A Learning Task In Hospitalized Patients, Gary Robert Lancaster
University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations
A number of writers have suggested that in comparison to normals, schizophrenics are less responsive to positive records or reinforcers (e.g., Hunt & Cofor, 1944) and overly sensitive to punishment or social censure as compared to normals (Fromm-Reichman 1954). Garmezy & Rodnick (1957) have proposed that schizophrenics are highly sensitive to any censure or disapproval, arising from their interpersonal contacts. They further say that such intolerable levels of anxiety are aroused that schizophrenics are held to be much more strongly motivated than normals to reduce the anxiety by acting to avoid or escape the censorious aspects of the situation.