Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- California State University, San Bernardino (189)
- St. Catherine University (109)
- Walden University (88)
- Augsburg University (32)
- Portland State University (31)
-
- Virginia Commonwealth University (25)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (24)
- Louisiana State University (22)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (22)
- Smith College (18)
- University of Denver (18)
- University of Kentucky (18)
- Wilfrid Laurier University (18)
- Washington University in St. Louis (17)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (16)
- Abilene Christian University (12)
- University of Washington Tacoma (12)
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville (11)
- Loyola University Chicago (10)
- Kutztown University (9)
- University of Central Florida (9)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (7)
- University of Louisville (7)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (7)
- Eastern Kentucky University (6)
- Grand Valley State University (6)
- University of South Florida (6)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (5)
- Eastern Michigan University (5)
- Minnesota State University, Mankato (5)
- Keyword
-
- Social work (43)
- Mental health (39)
- Recidivism (31)
- Child welfare (27)
- Incarceration (27)
-
- Social Work (25)
- Domestic violence (20)
- Trauma (20)
- Children (19)
- Education (18)
- Graduate School of Social Work (18)
- Intimate partner violence (17)
- Foster Care (15)
- Foster care (15)
- Mental Health (13)
- Homelessness (12)
- Substance use (12)
- African American (11)
- Reentry (11)
- Women (11)
- Youth (11)
- Child Welfare (10)
- Homeless (10)
- Racism (10)
- Resilience (10)
- Substance abuse (10)
- Addiction (9)
- Harm reduction (9)
- Interventions (9)
- Police (9)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers (100)
- Theses Digitization Project (100)
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (89)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (88)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (49)
-
- Theses and Dissertations (37)
- Theses and Graduate Projects (32)
- Dissertations and Theses (30)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (22)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (21)
- Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) (18)
- Theses, Dissertations, and Projects (18)
- Capstone Projects and Master's Theses (16)
- Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations (14)
- Dissertations (12)
- LSU Doctoral Dissertations (12)
- Theses and Dissertations--Social Work (11)
- Doctor of Social Work Banded Dissertations (9)
- Doctoral Dissertations (9)
- MSW Capstones (9)
- Social Work Doctoral Dissertations (9)
- LSU Master's Theses (8)
- Masters Theses (7)
- UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (7)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (6)
- All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects (5)
- DSW Capstone Projects (5)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (5)
- Master's Projects and Capstones (5)
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (4)
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 861
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
A Systematic Review On The Effectiveness Of The Gun Violence Restraining Order, Bonnie Galloway, Yasmeen Gonzalez-Ayala
A Systematic Review On The Effectiveness Of The Gun Violence Restraining Order, Bonnie Galloway, Yasmeen Gonzalez-Ayala
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Background: Gun Violence Restraining Order (GVRO) is a type of restraining order that prevents individuals, who pose a significant risk to themselves or others from having, owning, and buying firearms, firearms parts, ammunition, or magazines. This gun law was enacted in January 2016, in response to the many mass shootings that had occurred prior to this legislation. Objective: This study systematically reviewed published articles to examine the effectiveness of GVRO. Methods: We used the following databases to identify articles: OneSearch, Google Scholar, and Google. The search terms used included “gun violence restraining orders” and its abbreviation “GVRO,” combined with other …
How Did The Covid-19 Pandemic Impact Extended Foster Care Social Workers While Providing Social Services, Omar Ramirez, Victoria Lopez
How Did The Covid-19 Pandemic Impact Extended Foster Care Social Workers While Providing Social Services, Omar Ramirez, Victoria Lopez
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study used ten interviews with Extended Foster Care (EFC) workers about their experiences with EFC youth from a county agency before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic using a qualitative research design. The purpose of the research was to learn from EFC social workers how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their ability to provide services to the EFC youth, negatively or positively, and how supported they felt in delivering these services. Data was collected by interviewing the ten participants via Zoom. Data was analyzed by categorizing the responses with different colors based on the responses. Significant findings were identified regarding agency …
Assessing And Meeting The Needs Of Homeless Populations, Mitchell Greenwald
Assessing And Meeting The Needs Of Homeless Populations, Mitchell Greenwald
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Problem Formation: As homeless populations have continued to grow, it is important to analyze services and replace ones lacking efficacy. This research sought to locate gaps in service delivery and to let the data fuel newer, innovative services. Significance: This study brought greater awareness of needs and services available to homeless people and to clinical staff at the agencies who work with them. It also provided new ideas for interventions that might better meet client needs. Design: This study was designed as a mixed-methods project. It was believed that master’s level social work students would be an ideal group to …
Exploring The Experiences Of Minority Former Foster Youths During And Post Care: A Qualitative Study, Caithlyn Snow
Exploring The Experiences Of Minority Former Foster Youths During And Post Care: A Qualitative Study, Caithlyn Snow
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Background: The intersectionality perspective states that the challenges of minority foster youths are amplified by their status as racial and ethnic minorities, making them more vulnerable to adverse experiences during and after the foster care system. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of minority FFYs as they are in-care, transitioning out of care, and as they strive for self-sufficiency post-care. Methods: This study employed a qualitative design with a phenomenology approach. Primary data collection utilized non-probability sampling. Participants had to be 18 years or older and a former foster youth (FFY). Participants were recruited from …
Implementation Of Mental Health Services And Curriculum For Elementary-Aged Children, Indra Flores Silva, Jason Kwan
Implementation Of Mental Health Services And Curriculum For Elementary-Aged Children, Indra Flores Silva, Jason Kwan
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study’s purpose was to describe elementary school teachers’perceptions about mental health services, curriculum, and their effect on the mental health of elementary-aged children. Our research addressed the question: What are elementary school teachers’ perceptions of mental healthservices and mental health curriculum and their effect on the mental health of elementary-aged children? It is crucial that we study this because many young children struggle with their mental health which can lead to poor outcomes leading into adulthood. This study utilized quantitative data on 28 participants that was collected through Qualtrics. Data was analyzed using SPSS by conducting univariate analysis. Our …
Implementing An Enhanced Care Management Program Serving Post-Incarcerated Individuals, Brianna Tome
Implementing An Enhanced Care Management Program Serving Post-Incarcerated Individuals, Brianna Tome
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
The post-incarcerated population has poor health and social outcomes in San Benito and Santa Clara counties. Youth Recovery Connections is a nonprofit organization serving individuals with substance use disorders, gang, and justice involved individuals. The Enhanced Care Management program was implemented in the organization with the addition of serving post-incarcerated individuals. Contributing factors that lead to negative health outcomes include lack of case managers with lived experience, lack of self management skills, and instability of care transitions. Consequences that can arise from these factors include increased healthcare costs, recidivism, and lack of stable housing. The identified consequences cause negative health …
Community Benefits Awareness Presentations, Marlene Ramirez
Community Benefits Awareness Presentations, Marlene Ramirez
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
Socioeconomic disadvantage significantly impacts educational outcomes, with 81% of Monterey County Office of Education (MCOE) Alternative Education program students facing economic hardships. Serving youth in grades 9-12 and adults in Monterey County, including those within the county jail and juvenile facilities, the MCOE Alternative Education program strives to facilitate high school diploma attainment. This project sought to bridge the knowledge gap surrounding the Medi-Cal, CalFresh, and CalWORKs benefit programs through presentations shared within the MCOE community and partner agencies. A partnership between MCOE and the Monterey County Department of Social Services (MCDSS) was established to further this goal. The anticipated …
Barriers To And Facilitators Of Care: Exploring How Low-Income Women Access Reproductive Healthcare In A Rural Community, Sydney Taylor Casey
Barriers To And Facilitators Of Care: Exploring How Low-Income Women Access Reproductive Healthcare In A Rural Community, Sydney Taylor Casey
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
The purpose of this research study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of low-income women living in a rural community when accessing reproductive care and bring awareness to the barriers and facilitating factors they encounter. The present study adopted a post positivism paradigm and was conducted in a rural county in Northern California. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data was gathered through demographic surveys and individual interviews with twenty-two participants. A bottom-up approach was utilized for the phases of qualitative data analysis, which included open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Data analysis revealed thirteen open …
Childhood Neglect And Incarceration As A Adult, Marissa Mejia, Diana Gallegos
Childhood Neglect And Incarceration As A Adult, Marissa Mejia, Diana Gallegos
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This research project aims to explain the relationship between experiencing childhood neglect and being incarcerated as an adult, and to see if childhood neglect is a contributing factor to incarceration as an adult. This systematic literature review will identify prior research and analyze it in order to answer the formulated research question. Does Childhood Neglect lead an adult to incarceration? This specific research method also identifies trends, gaps in knowledge, and areas for future research. The results from this study have provided empirically supported information that could be used in the field of social work, in schools, and in the …
Evaluating Imr Defined Recovery Outcomes In Clients Receiving Act Team Services, Ella Crimmings
Evaluating Imr Defined Recovery Outcomes In Clients Receiving Act Team Services, Ella Crimmings
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate recovery outcomes defined by the Illness Management and Recovery Model (IMR) for the ongoing Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) team, which operates under the Betty Hardwick Center in Abilene, Texas. The ACT Team is designed to be a community-based model of care for individuals experiencing psychosis and serious mental illness (SMI). IMR is a structured, evidence-based psychosocial intervention designed to help individuals with SMI understand and manage their symptoms, achieve personal recovery goals, improve their quality of life, and gain a sense of empowerment and self-efficacy. The IMR model is an integrated, curriculum …
Justice-Involved Students: Effects Of Using Support Services To Overcome Barriers, Gabby Walker, Sofia Alvarenga
Justice-Involved Students: Effects Of Using Support Services To Overcome Barriers, Gabby Walker, Sofia Alvarenga
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study investigated formerly incarcerated students' perspectives on the effectiveness of re-entry programs in alleviating barriers to higher education. The study focused on six barriers: parole and probation, collateral consequences, admission, housing, and stigma, aiming to provide insights into program effectiveness. Using an exploratory, quantitative approach, data was collected through surveys distributed via social media and online platforms. Parole and probation were not perceived as significant barriers by participants. Challenges related to collateral consequences, such as limited access to housing and employment opportunities, were highlighted as barriers. Participants did not view recidivism as a significant obstacle to pursuing higher education. …
Supporting Formerly Incarcerated Individuals In Higher Education: A Quantitative Study, Lisa Marie Jones-Wiertz
Supporting Formerly Incarcerated Individuals In Higher Education: A Quantitative Study, Lisa Marie Jones-Wiertz
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
People from various backgrounds in the United States have college aspirations. However, those with marginalized characteristics, particularly formerly incarcerated individuals, face multiple barriers in their quest for higher education. This study carries a twofold purpose: (a) determining the extent to which formerly incarcerated individuals in higher education in California feel supported and (b) determining types of support associated with educational success among formerly incarcerated individuals in higher education in California. Using the Person-in-Environment Framework, the nonprobability sampling methods of convenience and snowball, and a quantitative research design, this study surveyed 51 formerly incarcerated students enrolled across the California State University …
Substance Use Treatment Within The Us Prison System, Timothy Hicks
Substance Use Treatment Within The Us Prison System, Timothy Hicks
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
This study examines the challenges and effectiveness of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment within US prisons, focusing on treatment availability, accessibility, and outcomes. Through a literature review spanning PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Criminal Justice Abstracts, JSTOR, and PubMed, it addresses the literature gap and healthcare needs for incarcerated individuals. The research identifies limited SUD treatment availability and explores the impact of medication-assisted treatments (MATs) and therapeutic interventions. It highlights barriers such as systemic stigma and inconsistencies in treatment access and quality. Findings advocate for evidence-based treatment's role in reducing recidivism and call for policy reform and enhanced collaborative efforts to …
Addressing Rural Mental Health Crises: An Alternative To Police, Faith Ann Weatheral-Block
Addressing Rural Mental Health Crises: An Alternative To Police, Faith Ann Weatheral-Block
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
There has been an increase in contacts between law enforcement and people with mental illness since the start of deinstitutionalization in the 1960s. When law enforcement officers respond to crisis calls without the proper training, the likelihood of that interaction ending fatally is far greater. The purpose of this study is to determine mental health professionals' readiness to serve as an alternative to law enforcement in addressing mental health crises in rural areas. Using the nonprobability sampling methods of convenience and snowball, this exploratory qualitative study involved semi- structured interviews with 10 adult mental health professionals from various backgrounds in …
America’S Prison Systems: Beginning The Switch From Punitive To Rehabilitative, Sydney R. Clair
America’S Prison Systems: Beginning The Switch From Punitive To Rehabilitative, Sydney R. Clair
Honors Thesis
America has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world, along with many issues that keep its inmate population and recidivism rates high. The current inmate population faces unique challenges as it disproportionally consists of racial minorities, those with mental illnesses, and nonviolent drug offenders. Correctional rehabilitative programing, while implemented with good intentions, lacks effectiveness. This is due to factors including institutional staffing mindset and minimal development to expand inmate programs. There is also a lack of overall access to drug and educational courses that are so greatly needed for the incarcerated population. The reentry process for inmates …
Impact Of The Lived Experience Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Adult Homelessness, Arlene Marcellette Smith
Impact Of The Lived Experience Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Adult Homelessness, Arlene Marcellette Smith
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
No abstract provided.
Social Workers, Positive Behavior Interventions Supports, And Exclusionary Discipline Of Black Males, Jacqueline Binion
Social Workers, Positive Behavior Interventions Supports, And Exclusionary Discipline Of Black Males, Jacqueline Binion
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
School social workers play an instrumental role in providing school faculty members with skills and interventions to facilitate positive outcomes in both schools and the community at large. It is not known what role social workers play in the suspension and exclusion of Black male high school students. The research questions for this generic qualitative study explored the perspective of high school teachers and social workers from various South Mississippi counties perceptions of the roles social workers play in the implementation of positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) and social workers’ impact on the exclusion of Black male students from …
Providing Incarcerated Youth With A Community Of Their Peers, Providing Resources, And Modeling Healthy Attachment May Lead To Prosocial Behaviors, Emilee Brnusak
University Honors Theses
This thesis examines the connection between gang activity and attachment style. A summary of literature suggests that childhood attachment injuries lead to antisocial, maladaptive relationships and neurological changes that impact executive functioning and emotional regulation. These factors leave youth at higher risk of gang membership. This thesis then explores how an outreach experience at the MacLaren Youth Correctional Facility inspired a large-scale intervention called Resources for Attachment-injured Youth (RAY) that could be implemented in youth prisons across the country.
Social Workers’ Education In Identifying Victims Of Human Trafficking, Simmone Lafette Jones
Social Workers’ Education In Identifying Victims Of Human Trafficking, Simmone Lafette Jones
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
No abstract provided.
Boiling Behind Bars: Exploring The Hidden Toll Of Extreme Heat On Mental Health In Texas Prisons, Sandra K. Miller
Boiling Behind Bars: Exploring The Hidden Toll Of Extreme Heat On Mental Health In Texas Prisons, Sandra K. Miller
Social Work Theses
The State of Texas supports the largest prison system in the US and held 132,859 people in 100 units scattered across the state as of December 2023. Approximately 70% of Texas prison beds are not air conditioned, despite the state’s reputation for dangerously hot, humid summers. The State has officially recorded temperatures inside Texas prison facilities as high as 120 degrees with heat index values of over 150. Although there is a growing body of research on the negative physiological and psychological consequences of extreme heat among the general public, little is known about the physical and emotional toll of …
Fathers’ Perspectives On The Role Of Spirituality In Substance Misuse Disorder Treatment And Engaging With Their Children, Kendra Michelle Eubank
Fathers’ Perspectives On The Role Of Spirituality In Substance Misuse Disorder Treatment And Engaging With Their Children, Kendra Michelle Eubank
Theses and Dissertations--Social Work
The father's role and the extent of involvement with his children have shifted over the past several decades. As a result, researchers have made considerable advances in understanding paternal influences on child development and families. However, one under-researched topic is how fathers' substance misuse, and the recovery process may influence father involvement and effective co-parenting, and specifically, how spirituality plays a role in that. In this qualitative study, fourteen participants participated in semi-structured interviews. The data revealed two main themes: 1) pillars of a spiritual awakening and 2) applying spirituality to healthy fatherhood engagement.
These findings led to four interpretations: …
"I Call Them Supermoms": Therapists' Reflections On The Impact Of Youth Sexual Offending On Latina Mothers, Mauricio P. Yabar
"I Call Them Supermoms": Therapists' Reflections On The Impact Of Youth Sexual Offending On Latina Mothers, Mauricio P. Yabar
Theses and Dissertations
Families of youth who have sexually offended often suffer significant collateral consequences following the discovery of the sexual offense. Samples in research with these families disproportionately consist of mothers and other female parental figures. This is rarely acknowledged in the literature, and the experiences of these mothers have not been explicitly examined. In addition, research on the experiences of these families has largely ignored factors related to race and ethnicity. This is a significant oversight considering the prevalence of systemic racism and discrimination in the United States, particularly in the systems with which these families must interact (e.g., juvenile justice …
An Exploration Of Encounters Between People With Lived Experience Of Mental Illness And Police Officers, Sarah Faubert
An Exploration Of Encounters Between People With Lived Experience Of Mental Illness And Police Officers, Sarah Faubert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the ways police officers and people with lived experience of mental illness interact during mental health calls is imperative to improving the outcomes of these encounters. Despite increased attention and public calls for change, little is known about the complex ways police officers and people with mental illness interact during a mental health crisis. To address the paucity of literature, this study sought answers to critical and under-explored areas to better understand the context and characteristics of these interactions. The overarching research question for this study was: How do people with mental illness and police officers experience interacting with …
Prosecutors Or Helpers: An Institutional Ethnography Of Child Protective Services Casework, Anna Maria Rockhill
Prosecutors Or Helpers: An Institutional Ethnography Of Child Protective Services Casework, Anna Maria Rockhill
Dissertations and Theses
Millions of families come into contact with child welfare every year (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2020). The mission of child welfare is to strengthen the ability of families to care for their children and to protect children and provide aid, services, or referrals to families where maltreatment is said to have occurred (Congressional Research Services, 2020). The vast majority of the families who become involved with child welfare are multiply disadvantaged (e.g., Mersky et al., 2009; Sedlak et al., 2010; Testa & Smith, 2009) and child welfare is a key feature of the array of public supports …
Predictive Validity Of Cu Traits On Conduct Disorder-Related Antisocial Behaviors In Canadian Adolescents: Advancing Understandings Relevant To The Dsm-5 Specifier With Limited Prosocial Emotions, Derek Campbell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The cross-sectional study employed logistic regression models to test hypotheses and explore the relationships between callous unemotional (CU) traits and antisocial behavioral outcomes among a sample of Canadian youth. Four main predictive associations were hypothesized, suggesting significant direct links between CU traits and antisocial behaviors. Specifically, it was hypothesized that four CU traits, namely, thinking school is unimportant, having a lack of sympathy, failure to comfort distressed children, and engaging in cruel behaviors would serve as strong predictors of antisocial behaviors. Furthermore, the study sought to assess the predictive validity of additional participant characteristics, including age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), …
A Blackgirl Artivisionary Mosaic: Art-Based Participatory Refusals To School Punishment, Tyese A. Brown
A Blackgirl Artivisionary Mosaic: Art-Based Participatory Refusals To School Punishment, Tyese A. Brown
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The study participants were co-research partners and engaged in a Project Based Learning six-week summer project in an urban northeastern metropolis community-based non-profit where they received stipends for participation. This dissertation explored how Blackgirls (aged 14 -21) express their experiences with disparate school punishment through community-based participatory artmaking. We called the photos, poems, collages, sculptures, storyboards, digital art, visual art, songs, spoken word, and videos Artivisions (art I vision). In the Jam Sessions, a subset of the partners we called curators discussed the pieces, shared their experiences, and offered insight into Blackgirls’ responses, coping skills, and decision-making regarding school punishment. …
Beyond Punishment: A Critical And Interpretive Phenomenology Of Accountability, Cameron Rasmussen
Beyond Punishment: A Critical And Interpretive Phenomenology Of Accountability, Cameron Rasmussen
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
State responses to interpersonal violence in the US have long been focused on punishment and prison. While opposition to punitive responses to interpersonal violence has been marginal, there are small but growing efforts to challenge the primacy of punishment and incarceration. In its place, different non-punitive approaches to justice have been practiced and promoted including restorative justice and transformative justice, which see accountability, not punishment, as a primary goal. Accountability has been theorized and researched largely from the perspective of survivors of harm, and there is limited research on the experiences of people who have caused harm and engaged in …
Nursing Perspectives On Intimate Partner Violence Screening In The Emergency Department, Justin Cabrera
Nursing Perspectives On Intimate Partner Violence Screening In The Emergency Department, Justin Cabrera
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Using descriptive and quality descriptive (QD) analysis, emergency department nurses from around the country completed a modified version of the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) tool to gain insight on their attitudes, knowledge, and preparedness about working with patient survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) regarding their willingness to and comfort in engaging in IPV screening practices. In total, 1,523 responses were received from emergency department nurses currently or formerly in practice.
Findings show that there was no correlation between emergency department nurses’ education and training on IPV and willingness and comfort with IPV screening with …
Assessing The Barriers To Reintegration Among Returnees In Nigeria, Itunu Ilesanmi
Assessing The Barriers To Reintegration Among Returnees In Nigeria, Itunu Ilesanmi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Reintegration for internally displaced returnees in Nigeria needs improvement due to the barrier returnees encounter when returning to their communities of origin. As a path to recovery following the unsettling experiences of generalized violence caused by Boko Haram terrorist attacks in Northeastern Nigeria, there is a need for best practices to mitigate challenges during reintegration for internally displaced returnees. With an estimated 2.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Northeastern Nigeria at the end of 2022, 1.98 million have returned to their prior residence, where they must cope and survive while attempting to reintegrate without effective and efficient support to …
Examining The Usefulness Of Interprofessional Education (Ipe) For Legal, Social Work, & School Psychology Student Training To Support Justice Involved Youth, Mary Comis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The school-to-prison pipeline is defined as a set of policies that contribute to the removal of students from the school environment and into the justice system (Justice Policy Institute, 2011). These students have unique and complex needs that include educational needs, legal needs, and community needs; however, these students often lack the support necessary to assist them when navigating the complexities of the educational and legal system. As a result, the complexity of the challenges these students face can be provided through a holistic legal representation team, where a school psychologist, social worker, and lawyer, can coordinate their efforts to …