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- Publications (109)
- The Future of Natural Resources Law and Policy (Summer Conference, June 6-8) (28)
- Western Water Law, Policy and Management: Ripples, Currents, and New Channels for Inquiry (Martz Summer Conference, June 3-5) (26)
- Water, Climate and Uncertainty: Implications for Western Water Law, Policy, and Management (Summer Conference, June 11-13) (22)
- Water and Air Quality Issues in Oil and Gas Development: The Evolving Framework of Regulation and Management (Martz Summer Conference, June 5-6) (21)
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- Uncovering the Hidden Resource: Groundwater Law, Hydrology, and Policy in the 1990s (Summer Conference, June 15-17) (20)
- Proceedings of the Sino-American Conference on Environmental Law (August 16) (17)
- Getting a Handle on Hazardous Waste Control (Summer Conference, June 9-10) (14)
- 2012 Energy Justice Conference and Technology Exposition (September 17-18) (13)
- Best Practices for Community and Environmental Protection (October 14) (13)
- Coalbed Methane Development in the Intermountain West (April 4-5) (13)
- The Promise and Peril of Oil Shale Development (February 5) (13)
- Best Management Practices (BMPs): What? How? And Why? (May 26) (11)
- Shale Plays in the Intermountain West: Legal and Policy Issues (November 12) (10)
- Air Quality Protection in the West (November 27-28) (8)
- Workshop on Directional Drilling in the Rocky Mountain Region (November 13) (7)
- Energy Field Tour 2003 (August 11-16) (6)
- Air Quality Impacts from Oil and Gas Development (January 27) (5)
- Two Decades of Water Law and Policy Reform: A Retrospective and Agenda for the Future (Summer Conference, June 13-15) (5)
- A Cartography of Governance: Exploring the Province of Environmental NGOs (April 7-8) (4)
- Drafting Model Laws on Indoor Pollution for Developing and Developed Nations (July 12-13) (4)
- Endangered Species Act Congressional Field Tour (August 17-19) (3)
- Moving the West's Water to New Uses: Winners and Losers (Summer Conference, June 6-8) (3)
- Water and Growth in the West (Summer Conference, June 7-9) (3)
- Conversation with Water Management Reps from Colorado and Australia: "Adapting to Climate Change: Lessons Learned from Australia" (February 14) (2)
- Fracking, Water Quality and Public Health: Examining Current Laws and Regulations (March 20) (2)
- Water Negotiation Workshop (June 4-5) (2)
- 2010 World Energy Justice Conference (November 5) (1)
- A Low-Carbon Energy Blueprint for the American West (Martz Summer Conference, June 6-8) (1)
- Drawing the Blueprint for a Sustainable Natural Gas Future (January 18) (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 395
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Uncommon Carriage, Blake Reid
Uncommon Carriage, Blake Reid
Publications
As states have begun regulating the carriage of speech by “Big Tech” internet platforms, scholars, advocates, and policymakers have increasingly focused their attention on the law of common carriage. Legislators have invoked common carriage to defend social media regulations against First Amendment challenges, making arguments set to take center stage in the Supreme Court’s impending consideration of the NetChoice saga.
This Article challenges the coherence of common carriage as a field and its utility for assessing the constitutionality and policy wisdom of internet regulation. Evaluating the post-Civil War history of common carriage regimes in telecommunications law, this Article illustrates that …
Valuing Social Data, Amanda Parsons, Salome Viljoen
Valuing Social Data, Amanda Parsons, Salome Viljoen
Publications
Social data production—accumulating, processing, and using large volumes of data about people—is a unique form of value creation that characterizes the digital economy. Social data production also presents critical challenges for the legal regimes that encounter it. This Article provides scholars and policymakers with the tools to comprehend this new form of value creation through two descriptive contributions. First, it presents a theoretical account of social data, a mode of production that is cultivated and exploited for two distinct (albeit related) forms of value: prediction value and exchange value. Second, it creates and defends a taxonomy of three “scripts” that …
Voices In, Voices Out: Impacted Stakeholders And The Governance Of Ai, Margot Kaminski
Voices In, Voices Out: Impacted Stakeholders And The Governance Of Ai, Margot Kaminski
Publications
This Essay addresses reasons for impacted stakeholder involvement in AI governance, ranging from democratic accountability norms to principles of regulatory design. It evaluates several recent examples of both soft and hard law, noting a range of examples of impacted stakeholder participation. It closes with a critique: none of these laws adequately contemplates how to craft transparency and provide expertise so as to meaningfully empower impacted stakeholders.
Risky Speech Systems: Tort Liability For Ai-Generated Illegal Speech, Margot E. Kaminski
Risky Speech Systems: Tort Liability For Ai-Generated Illegal Speech, Margot E. Kaminski
Publications
No abstract provided.
Constructing Ai Speech, Margot E. Kaminski, Meg Leta Jones
Constructing Ai Speech, Margot E. Kaminski, Meg Leta Jones
Publications
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT can now produce convincingly human speech, at scale. It is tempting to ask whether such AI-generated content “disrupts” the law. That, we claim, is the wrong question. It characterizes the law as inherently reactive, rather than proactive, and fails to reveal how what may look like “disruption” in one area of the law is business as usual in another. We challenge the prevailing notion that technology inherently disrupts law, proposing instead that law and technology co-construct each other in a dynamic interplay reflective of societal priorities and political power. This Essay instead deploys …
Chatgpt, Ai Large Language Models, And Law, Harry Surden
Chatgpt, Ai Large Language Models, And Law, Harry Surden
Publications
This Essay explores Artificial Intelligence (AI) Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT/GPT-4, detailing the advances and challenges in applying AI to law. It first explains how these AI technologies work at an understandable level. It then examines the significant evolution of LLMs since 2022 and their improved capabilities in understanding and generating complex documents, such as legal texts. Finally, this Essay discusses the limitations of these technologies, offering a balanced view of their potential role in legal work.
Getting Real About Protecting Privacy, Scott Skinner-Thompson
Getting Real About Protecting Privacy, Scott Skinner-Thompson
Publications
No abstract provided.
Reconsidering The Public Square, Helen L. Norton
Regulating The Risks Of Ai, Margot E. Kaminski
Regulating The Risks Of Ai, Margot E. Kaminski
Publications
Companies and governments now use Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) in a wide range of settings. But using AI leads to well-known risks that arguably present challenges for a traditional liability model. It is thus unsurprising that lawmakers in both the United States and the European Union (“EU”) have turned to the tools of risk regulation in governing AI systems.
This Article describes the growing convergence around risk regulation in AI governance. It then addresses the question: what does it mean to use risk regulation to govern AI systems? The primary contribution of this Article is to offer an analytic framework for …
Toward Stronger Data Protection Laws, Margot E. Kaminski
Toward Stronger Data Protection Laws, Margot E. Kaminski
Publications
No abstract provided.
Naïve Realism, Cognitive Bias, And The Benefits And Risks Of Ai, Harry Surden
Naïve Realism, Cognitive Bias, And The Benefits And Risks Of Ai, Harry Surden
Publications
In this short piece I comment on Orly Lobel's book on artificial intelligence (AI) and society "The Equality Machine." Here, I reflect on the complex topic of aI and its impact on society, and the importance of acknowledging both its positive and negative aspects. More broadly, I discuss the various cognitive biases, such as naïve realism, epistemic bubbles, negativity bias, extremity bias, and the availability heuristic, that influence individuals' perceptions of AI, often leading to polarized viewpoints. Technology can both exacerbate and ameliorate these biases, and I commend Lobel's balanced approach to AI analysis as an example to emulate.
Although …
Humans In The Loop, Rebecca Crootof, Margot E. Kaminski, W. Nicholson Price Ii
Humans In The Loop, Rebecca Crootof, Margot E. Kaminski, W. Nicholson Price Ii
Publications
From lethal drones to cancer diagnostics, humans are increasingly working with complex and artificially intelligent algorithms to make decisions which affect human lives, raising questions about how best to regulate these "human-in-the-loop" systems. We make four contributions to the discourse.
First, contrary to the popular narrative, law is already profoundly and often problematically involved in governing human-in-the-loop systems: it regularly affects whether humans are retained in or removed from the loop. Second, we identify "the MABA-MABA trap," which occurs when policymakers attempt to address concerns about algorithmic incapacities by inserting a human into a decision-making process. Regardless of whether the …
Technological 'Disruption' Of The Law's Imagined Scene: Some Lessons From Lex Informatica, Margot Kaminski
Technological 'Disruption' Of The Law's Imagined Scene: Some Lessons From Lex Informatica, Margot Kaminski
Publications
Joel Reidenberg in his 1998 Article Lex Informatica observed that technology can be a distinct regulatory force in its own right and claimed that law would arise in response to human needs. Today, law and technology scholarship continues to ask: does technology ever disrupt the law? This Article articulates one particular kind of “legal disruption”: how technology (or really, the social use of technology) can alter the imagined setting around which policy conversations take place—what Jack Balkin and Reva Siegal call the “imagined regulatory scene.” Sociotechnical change can alter the imagined regulatory scene’s architecture, upsetting a policy balance and undermining …
Book Review, Aamir S. Abdullah
The Right To Contest Ai, Margot E. Kaminski, Jennifer M. Urban
The Right To Contest Ai, Margot E. Kaminski, Jennifer M. Urban
Publications
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to make important decisions, from university admissions selections to loan determinations to the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. These uses of AI raise a host of concerns about discrimination, accuracy, fairness, and accountability.
In the United States, recent proposals for regulating AI focus largely on ex ante and systemic governance. This Article argues instead—or really, in addition—for an individual right to contest AI decisions, modeled on due process but adapted for the digital age. The European Union, in fact, recognizes such a right, and a growing number of institutions around the world now call for …
The Law Of Ai, Margot Kaminski
Regulatory De-Arbitrage In Twenty-First Century Cures Act's Health Information Regulation, Craig Konnoth
Regulatory De-Arbitrage In Twenty-First Century Cures Act's Health Information Regulation, Craig Konnoth
Publications
Health data regulation can be thought of at two levels. First, the micro- level of regulation has to do with Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Second, the macro-level concerns the networks on which EHRs are transmitted. The micro- and macro-levels of regulation interact. For example, EHRs need to be configured so that they can be transmitted on mandated networks. As a result, the lines do sometimes blur.
That said, the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures) clearly takes a dual approach to regulation. Cures was passed in December 2016 on a bipartisan basis. Its mandate was to address health data regulation at …
A Recent Renaissance In Privacy Law, Margot Kaminski
A Recent Renaissance In Privacy Law, Margot Kaminski
Publications
Considering the recent increased attention to privacy law issues amid the typically slow pace of legal change.
Are Data Privacy Laws Trade Barriers?, Margot Kaminski
Are Data Privacy Laws Trade Barriers?, Margot Kaminski
Publications
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Marrakesh Vip Treaty: Typology Of Copyright Access-Enabling Provisions For Persons With Disabilities, Caroline B. Ncube, Blake E. Reid, Desmond O. Oriakhogba
Beyond The Marrakesh Vip Treaty: Typology Of Copyright Access-Enabling Provisions For Persons With Disabilities, Caroline B. Ncube, Blake E. Reid, Desmond O. Oriakhogba
Publications
This paper builds upon the evidence drawn from a scoping study on access to copyright works by persons with disabilities. It identifies and discusses specific access‐enabling technologies for persons with aural, cognitive, physical, and visual disabilities and how they are affected by the exercise of exclusive rights. It shows how, and the extent to which states' ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled (Marrakesh Treaty) has enabled the making of accessible format of copyright works for persons with disabilities. To this end, the paper examines …
The Right To Explanation, Explained, Margot E. Kaminski
The Right To Explanation, Explained, Margot E. Kaminski
Publications
Many have called for algorithmic accountability: laws governing decision-making by complex algorithms, or AI. The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) now establishes exactly this. The recent debate over the right to explanation (a right to information about individual decisions made by algorithms) has obscured the significant algorithmic accountability regime established by the GDPR. The GDPR’s provisions on algorithmic accountability, which include a right to explanation, have the potential to be broader, stronger, and deeper than the preceding requirements of the Data Protection Directive. This Essay clarifies, largely for a U.S. audience, what the GDPR actually requires, incorporating recently released …
Artificial Intelligence And Law: An Overview, Harry Surden
Artificial Intelligence And Law: An Overview, Harry Surden
Publications
Much has been written recently about artificial intelligence (AI) and law. But what is AI, and what is its relation to the practice and administration of law? This article addresses those questions by providing a high-level overview of AI and its use within law. The discussion aims to be nuanced but also understandable to those without a technical background. To that end, I first discuss AI generally. I then turn to AI and how it is being used by lawyers in the practice of law, people and companies who are governed by the law, and government officials who administer the …
Recording As Heckling, Scott Skinner-Thompson
Recording As Heckling, Scott Skinner-Thompson
Publications
A growing body of authority recognizes that citizen recording of police officers and public space is protected by the First Amendment. But the judicial and scholarly momentum behind the emerging “right to record” fails to fully incorporate recording’s cost to another important right that also furthers First Amendment principles: the right to privacy.
This Article helps fill that gap by comprehensively analyzing the First Amendment interests of both the right to record and the right to privacy in public while highlighting the role of technology in altering the First Amendment landscape. Recording information can be critical to future speech and, …
Lessons From Literal Crashes For Code, Margot Kaminski
Lessons From Literal Crashes For Code, Margot Kaminski
Publications
No abstract provided.
Inside The Black Box Of Search Algorithms, Susan Nevelow Mart, Joe Breda, Ed Walters, Tito Sierra, Khalid Al-Kofahi
Inside The Black Box Of Search Algorithms, Susan Nevelow Mart, Joe Breda, Ed Walters, Tito Sierra, Khalid Al-Kofahi
Publications
A behind-the-scenes look at the algorithms that rank results in Bloomberg Law, Fastcase, Lexis Advance, and Westlaw.
Binary Governance: Lessons From The Gdpr’S Approach To Algorithmic Accountability, Margot E. Kaminski
Binary Governance: Lessons From The Gdpr’S Approach To Algorithmic Accountability, Margot E. Kaminski
Publications
Algorithms are now used to make significant decisions about individuals, from credit determinations to hiring and firing. But they are largely unregulated under U.S. law. A quickly growing literature has split on how to address algorithmic decision-making, with individual rights and accountability to nonexpert stakeholders and to the public at the crux of the debate. In this Article, I make the case for why both individual rights and public- and stakeholder-facing accountability are not just goods in and of themselves but crucial components of effective governance. Only individual rights can fully address dignitary and justificatory concerns behind calls for regulating …
That Was Close! Reward Reporting Of Cybersecurity “Near Misses”, Jonathan Bair, Steven M. Bellovin, Andrew Manley, Blake Reid, Adam Shostak
That Was Close! Reward Reporting Of Cybersecurity “Near Misses”, Jonathan Bair, Steven M. Bellovin, Andrew Manley, Blake Reid, Adam Shostak
Publications
Building, deploying, and maintaining systems with sufficient cybersecurity is challenging. Faster improvement would be valuable to society as a whole. Are we doing as much as we can to improve? We examine robust and long-standing systems for learning from near misses in aviation, and propose the creation of a Cyber Safety Reporting System (CSRS).
To support this argument, we examine the liability concerns which inhibit learning, including both civil and regulatory liability. We look to the way in which cybersecurity engineering and science is done today, and propose that a small amount of ‘policy entrepreneurship’ could have substantial positive impact. …
(At Least) Thirteen Ways Of Looking At Election Lies, Helen Norton
(At Least) Thirteen Ways Of Looking At Election Lies, Helen Norton
Publications
Lies take many forms. Because lies vary so greatly in their motivations and consequences (among many other qualities), philosophers have long sought to catalog them to help make sense of their diversity and complexity. Legal scholars too have classified lies in various ways to explain why we punish some and protect others. This symposium essay offers yet another taxonomy of lies, focusing specifically on election lies — that is, lies told during or about elections. We can divide and describe election lies in a wide variety of ways: by speaker, by motive, by subject matter, by audience, by means of …
Technological Rights Accretion, Kristelia A. García
Technological Rights Accretion, Kristelia A. García
Publications
No abstract provided.
Bridges Ii: The Law--Stem Alliance & Next Generation Innovation, Harry Surden
Bridges Ii: The Law--Stem Alliance & Next Generation Innovation, Harry Surden
Publications
Technological change recently has altered business models in the legal field, and these changes will continue to affect the practice of law itself. How can we, as educators, prepare law students to meet the challenges of new technology throughout their careers?