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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
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Playing The Unfair Game: Apostates, Abuse & Religious Arbitration, Thomas Floyd
Playing The Unfair Game: Apostates, Abuse & Religious Arbitration, Thomas Floyd
William & Mary Law Review
This Note argues that the Bixler [v. Superior Court] approach should become the standard for evaluating the enforceability of religious arbitration against ex-members. Courts should not enforce agreements to religious arbitration against ex-members of a faith when the relevant conduct occurred after their religious affiliation ended. The First Amendment right of believers to leave their faith should prevail over the First Amendment right of churches to police their internal religious doctrine. Siding with the institutions on this issue allows them the power to exert control over apostates in perpetuity through an unintended synergy of the First Amendment and …
The Legal Origins Of Catholic Conscientious Objection, Jeremy Kessler
The Legal Origins Of Catholic Conscientious Objection, Jeremy Kessler
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Article traces the origins of Catholic conscientious objection as a theory and practice of American constitutionalism. It argues that Catholic conscientious objection emerged during the 1960s from a confluence of left-wing and right-wing Catholic efforts to participate in American democratic culture more fully. The refusal of the American government to allow legitimate Catholic conscientious objection to the Vietnam War became a cause célèbre for clerical and lay leaders and provided a blueprint for Catholic legal critiques of other forms of federal regulation in the late 1960s and early 1970s—most especially regulations concerning the provision of contraception and abortion.
Over …
Religious Liberty Interest Convergence, Asma T. Uddin
Religious Liberty Interest Convergence, Asma T. Uddin
William & Mary Law Review
Americans are deeply polarized on a plethora of issues. One of the most prominent areas of polarization is religious liberty, which in recent years has increasingly pitted conservative, white Christians against a range of marginalized minorities, particularly Muslims. The divide threatens Muslims’ rights and the vitality of religious liberty more broadly. This Article assesses the extent to which self-interest— especially the self-interest of the conservative Justices of the Supreme Court—can help depolarize religious liberty.
Professor Derrick Bell’s theory of “interest convergence” helps connect different self-interests that, in turn, enable issue-specific coalitions strong enough to effect serious cultural and legal change. …
George R. R. Martin's Faith Militant In Modern America: The Establishment Clause And A State's Ability To Delegate Policing Powers To Private Police Forces Operated By Religious Institutions, Andrew Gardner
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Since the very founding of the United States, the complex relationship between government and religion has troubled and concerned lawmakers. The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution was one of the first attempts to help define and restrain the government's role in that nexus. Thomas Jefferson, in a letter praising the Establishment Clause, famously wrote that the clause "buil[t] a wall of separation between Church [and] State." However, the extent of the protections that the Establishment Clause was intended to provide is unclear, and judges as well as legal scholars have struggled with interpreting the …
Secondary Meaning And Religion: An Analysis Of Religious Symbols In The Courts, Eric D. Yordy, Elizabeth Brown
Secondary Meaning And Religion: An Analysis Of Religious Symbols In The Courts, Eric D. Yordy, Elizabeth Brown
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In the Supreme Court’s most recent freedom of religion case, Justice Alito and Justice Ginsburg disagreed about the actual and potential meaning of the Latin cross, a traditional symbol of Christianity in which the upright leg of the cross is longer than the horizontal arms of the cross. Justice Alito stated that the Latin cross, while not losing its religious meaning, has acquired what might be called a “secondary meaning” as a symbol of World War I. He couched his analysis in language suggesting that a religious symbol’s meaning may depend on its circumstances. While he also denied that he …
The Case Of The Religious Gay Blood Donor, Brian Soucek
The Case Of The Religious Gay Blood Donor, Brian Soucek
William & Mary Law Review
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibits sexually active gay men from donating blood. This Article envisions an original legal challenge to that rule: not the predictable equal protection suit, but a religious freedom claim brought by a gay man who wants to give blood as an act of charity. Because the FDA’s regulations substantially burden his exercise of religion—requiring a year of celibacy as its price—the FDA would be forced to show that its policy is the least restrictive means of preventing HIV transmission through the blood supply. Developments in testing technology and the experience of other countries suggest …
#Metoo Meets The Ministerial Exception: Sexual Harassment Claims By Clergy And The First Amendment's Religion Clauses, Ira C. Lupu, Robert W. Tuttle
#Metoo Meets The Ministerial Exception: Sexual Harassment Claims By Clergy And The First Amendment's Religion Clauses, Ira C. Lupu, Robert W. Tuttle
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act At 25: A Quantitative Analysis Of The Interpretive Case Law, Lucien J. Dhooge
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act At 25: A Quantitative Analysis Of The Interpretive Case Law, Lucien J. Dhooge
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Improving Education Through Devotion: A Religious Solution To Eastern Turkey's Gender Gap, Joshua E. Thomas
Improving Education Through Devotion: A Religious Solution To Eastern Turkey's Gender Gap, Joshua E. Thomas
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
Turkey has much room for improvement regarding women’s education opportunities—particularly in eastern Anatolia. Despite the Turkish Republic’s outward secular appearance, Islamic law plays an increasingly important role in society. A potential solution to the government’s sluggish progress on gender equality may lie in the utilization of their religious directorate (Diyanet). The Diyanet could issue fatwas sympathetic to women’s rights, which may more effectively reach the conservative eastern Turkish population.
The Schofield/Gunner Decisions And Episcopal Church Property-Splitting Litigation: Considering Proposed Improvements To The Litigation Process And The Neutral Principles Of Law Doctrine, Ten Years On, Timothy D. Watson
William & Mary Business Law Review
In recent years, the Episcopal Church in the United States has seen a spate of parishes leaving the Church. Many of these departing parishes have attempted to take property with them as they leave and continue to operate independently or realign themselves with a different denomination. The Episcopal Church maintains that this property is held by the parishes on behalf of the national Church, and has generally been successful in obtaining a return of the property through legal action. In deciding these suits, state courts have skirted carefully around the contours of ecclesiastical questions; many state courts, following the Supreme …
The Church And Magna Carta, R. H. Helmholz
The Church And Magna Carta, R. H. Helmholz
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The Establishment Clause, State Action, And Town Of Greece, Nathan S. Chapman
The Establishment Clause, State Action, And Town Of Greece, Nathan S. Chapman
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The Establishment Clause forbids the government from engaging in the same religious exercise that the law protects when performed by a private party. Thus, an establishment case often turns on whether religious activity is “state action.” Too often, however, courts ignore the state action analysis or merge it with the substantive Establishment Clause analysis. This muddles both doctrines and threatens individual religious liberty.
This Article argues that the state action doctrine should account for the government’s distribution of private rights. Accordingly, the Constitution applies to the government’s distribution of rights, but not to a private party’s use of those rights. …
(Same) Sex, Lies, And Democracy: Tradition, Religion, And Substantive Due Process (With An Emphasis On Obergefell V. Hodges), Stephen M. Feldman
(Same) Sex, Lies, And Democracy: Tradition, Religion, And Substantive Due Process (With An Emphasis On Obergefell V. Hodges), Stephen M. Feldman
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Substantive due process issues implicitly concern voice. Whose voice will be heard? Although such issues often remain submerged, the Justices occasionally translate them into disputes over democratic participation and power. The Supreme Court’s most important substantive due process decision in years, Obergefell v. Hodges, entailed such a battle over democracy. The multiple dissenting opinions insisted that the decision demeaned the opponents of same-sex marriage, many of whom were inspired by traditional values and religious convictions. The majority explicitly disagreed, reasoning that the case resolved the rights of same-sex couples to marry and did not diminish the opponents’ voices. The dissenters …
Dias V. Archdiocese Of Cincinnati: Deciphering The Ministerial Exception To Title Vii Post-Hosanna-Tabor, Caroline O. Dehaan
Dias V. Archdiocese Of Cincinnati: Deciphering The Ministerial Exception To Title Vii Post-Hosanna-Tabor, Caroline O. Dehaan
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
The Only Thing We Have To Fear Is Fear Itself: Islamophobia And The Recently Proposed Unconstitutional And Unnecessary Anti-Religion Laws, Lee Tankle
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Rationalizing Religious Exemptions: A Legislative Process Theory Of Statutory Exemptions For Religion, Zoe Robinson
Rationalizing Religious Exemptions: A Legislative Process Theory Of Statutory Exemptions For Religion, Zoe Robinson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Article proposes a new theory of religious liberty in the United States: it hypothesizes that a person’s religious freedom is dependent on their political power. Following the Supreme Court’s 1990 decision of Employment Division v. Smith, the legislature has sole control over the enactment of accommodations and exemptions from laws of general application for religious adherents. This Article argues that post-Smith accounts of religious liberty and pluralism fail to systematically analyze the relationship between religious liberty and legislative exemptions. To this end, the Article proposes a unique public choice model that hypothesizes that legislative accommodations and exemptions may result …
The Congressional Chaplaincies, Christopher C. Lund
The Congressional Chaplaincies, Christopher C. Lund
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Roughly twenty-five years ago, in Marsh v. Chambers, the Supreme Court considered the congressional chaplaincies, and concluded that they were not "an 'establishment' of religion or a step toward establishment," but instead were "simply a tolerable acknowledgment of beliefs widely held among the people of this country."' That latter phrase has been repeated hundreds of times in cases and law review articles; it suggests that the chaplaincies are uninteresting and uncontroversial and that they have been so throughout our history. The Court in Marsh looked only briefly at the history of the chaplaincies.2 A deeper look at that history reveals …
Why Justice Breyer Was Wrong In Van Orden V. Perry, Erwin Chemerinsky
Why Justice Breyer Was Wrong In Van Orden V. Perry, Erwin Chemerinsky
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Introduction To Special Collection: Seminar Papers On Women And Islamic Law, Christie S. Warren
Introduction To Special Collection: Seminar Papers On Women And Islamic Law, Christie S. Warren
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
"Religion-Neutral" Jurisprudence: An Examination Of Its Meaning And End, L. Scott Smith
"Religion-Neutral" Jurisprudence: An Examination Of Its Meaning And End, L. Scott Smith
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Sharing Sacred Secrets: Is It (Past) Time For A Dangerous Person Exception To The Clergy-Penitent Privilege?, R. Michael Cassidy
Sharing Sacred Secrets: Is It (Past) Time For A Dangerous Person Exception To The Clergy-Penitent Privilege?, R. Michael Cassidy
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Praxis Of Church And State In The (Under)Development Of Women's Religion From France To The New World, Barbara L. Bernier
The Praxis Of Church And State In The (Under)Development Of Women's Religion From France To The New World, Barbara L. Bernier
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Religion In The Public Square, Davison M. Douglas
Religion In The Public Square, Davison M. Douglas
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Why Political Reliance On Religiously Grounded Morality Does Not Violate The Establishment Clause, Michael J. Perry
Why Political Reliance On Religiously Grounded Morality Does Not Violate The Establishment Clause, Michael J. Perry
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Religion, Democracy, And Autonomy: A Political Parable, Steven D. Smith
Religion, Democracy, And Autonomy: A Political Parable, Steven D. Smith
William & Mary Law Review
No abstract provided.
Transcript Of Speech On American Atheists' Position On Religion In The Public Schools, Ellen Johnson
Transcript Of Speech On American Atheists' Position On Religion In The Public Schools, Ellen Johnson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Religious discussion in American public schools is one of the more controversial issues in modern education. Ellen Johnson not only explains the American Atheists 'position on the issue, but also presents observations from the often-ignored Atheist perspective. Johnson's remarks serve to remind us that there are other views on the subject besides the popular opinions concerning accommodation and access to school facilities.
Who Speaks For The State?: Religious Speakers On Government Platforms And The Role Of Disclaiming Endorsement, Steven H. Aden
Who Speaks For The State?: Religious Speakers On Government Platforms And The Role Of Disclaiming Endorsement, Steven H. Aden
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The recent Supreme Court decision in Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe prohibits prayer at school-sponsored events. In this Article the author analyzes the development of Supreme Court jurisprudence in the area of religion in public schools. Noting the tension between the Establishment and Free Speech Clauses, the author proposes the use of disclaimers to allow student expression at school events to avoid violating the Establishment Clause.
Religion In The Public Schools After Santa Fe Independent School District V. Doe: Time For A New Strategy, Steven W. Fitschen
Religion In The Public Schools After Santa Fe Independent School District V. Doe: Time For A New Strategy, Steven W. Fitschen
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In this Essay, Steven Fitschen, President of the National Legal Foundation, argues against the Supreme Court's ruling in Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, and calls for a new strategy in litigating similar cases. Fitschen proposes a "thirty-year plan" because he believes that the current Court composition, which he sees as driven by personal predilections rather than by precedent, was partly responsible for the outcome of Santa Fe. Fitschen argues that the current Court has largely ignored Establishment Clause precedent, and that any new, effective strategy will be slowly implemented The thirty-year plan calls for less perfunctory reliance on …
Squeezing Religion Out Of The Public Square- The Supreme Court, Lemon, And The Myth Of The Secular Society, M. G. "Pat" Robertson
Squeezing Religion Out Of The Public Square- The Supreme Court, Lemon, And The Myth Of The Secular Society, M. G. "Pat" Robertson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Public Education And The Public Good, Robert S. Alley
Public Education And The Public Good, Robert S. Alley
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.