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Hospital Readmissions For Childhood Asthma: The Role Of Individual And Neighborhood Factors., Sze Yan Liu, Deborah Pearlman
Hospital Readmissions For Childhood Asthma: The Role Of Individual And Neighborhood Factors., Sze Yan Liu, Deborah Pearlman
Sze Yan Liu
Objectives
This study used a Cox proportional hazards model to determine whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with risk of readmission for childhood asthma independently of individual characteristics.
Methods
Rhode Island Hospital Discharge Data from 2001 to 2005 were used to identify children younger than 19 years of age at the time of the index (i.e., first) asthma admission, defined as a primary diagnosis of asthma or a primary diagnosis of respiratory illness with a secondary or tertiary diagnosis of asthma (n=2,919). Hazard ratios of repeat hospitalizations for childhood asthma from 2001 to 2005 were estimated, controlling for individual- …
Asthma And Adaptive Functioning Among Homeless Kindergarten-Aged Children In Emergency Housing, J. J. Cutuli, Janette E. Herbers, Theresa L. Lafavor, Sandra M. Ahumada, Ann S. Masten, Charles N. Oberg
Asthma And Adaptive Functioning Among Homeless Kindergarten-Aged Children In Emergency Housing, J. J. Cutuli, Janette E. Herbers, Theresa L. Lafavor, Sandra M. Ahumada, Ann S. Masten, Charles N. Oberg
J. J. Cutuli
Background. Children who experience homelessness have elevated rates of asthma, a risk factor for other problems. Purpose. Examine rates of asthma and its relation to health care use and adaptive functioning among young children staying in family emergency shelters. Methods. Children and caregivers (N = 138) completed assessments in shelters, including measurement of child cognitive functioning, parent report of child health care service utilization and asthma diagnosis, and teacher report of child school functioning. Results. Asthma diagnosis was reported for 21% of 4‑to‑6‑year‑ old children, about twice the national and state prevalences. Children with asthma used more health care services …
Exposure To Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants And Asthma Prevalence In Southeastern Kentucky: Results From The Burden Of Lung Disease (Bold) Study, Anna C. Barry, David M. Mannino, Claudia Hopenhayn, Heather Bush
Exposure To Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants And Asthma Prevalence In Southeastern Kentucky: Results From The Burden Of Lung Disease (Bold) Study, Anna C. Barry, David M. Mannino, Claudia Hopenhayn, Heather Bush
David M. Mannino
BACKGROUND:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease, characterized by episodic and reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
METHODS:
The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) survey was used to determine the prevalence of self-reported asthma in a target population of 325,000 adults aged > or =40 in Southeastern Kentucky. Postbronchodilator spirometry was used to classify subjects based on lung function. Risk factors for asthma in this population, in particular indoor usage of biomass fuels, were evaluated.
RESULTS:
The overall study population was comprised of 508 individuals, with 15.5% reporting current asthma …
Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Amplify Alternaria Alternata Sporulation And Total Antigen Production, Julie Wolf, Nichole R. O’Neill, Christine A. Rogers, Michael L. Muilenberg, Lewis H. Ziska
Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Amplify Alternaria Alternata Sporulation And Total Antigen Production, Julie Wolf, Nichole R. O’Neill, Christine A. Rogers, Michael L. Muilenberg, Lewis H. Ziska
Christine A. Rogers
Background
Although the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on pollen production has been established in some plant species, impacts on fungal sporulation and antigen production have not been elucidated.
Objective
Our purpose was to examine the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the quantity and quality of fungal spores produced on timothy (Phleum pratense) leaves.
Methods
Timothy plants were grown at four CO2 concentrations (300, 400, 500, and 600 μmol/mol). Leaves were used as growth substrate for Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium phlei. The spore abundance produced by both fungi, as well as the size (microscopy) and antigenic …
Community Violence As Psychosocial Stressor: The Case Of Childhood Asthma In Boston, Gonzalo Bacigalupe, Takeo Fujiwara, Sabrina Selk, Meghan Woo
Community Violence As Psychosocial Stressor: The Case Of Childhood Asthma In Boston, Gonzalo Bacigalupe, Takeo Fujiwara, Sabrina Selk, Meghan Woo
Gonzalo Bacigalupe, EdD, MPH
Childhood asthma is a critical public health problem of urban centers in the United States and other industrialized nations. Population-based and laboratory research studies indicate that psychosocial stress differentially affects asthma expression. Witnessing or experiencing community violence is a psychosocial stressor that results in long-term biological changes that may in turn contribute to asthma morbidity. This is a review of the literature that examines the exposure to violence as a psychosocial stressor that is independently associated with asthma morbidity even after adjustment for income, housing, and other adverse life events. In addition to acting as a physiological trigger for the …
Association Of Ambient Ozone Exposure With Airway Inflammation And Allergy In Adults With Asthma, Sumita B. Khatri, Fernando C. Holguin, P. Barry Ryan, David M. Mannino, Serpil C. Erzurum, W. Gerald Teague
Association Of Ambient Ozone Exposure With Airway Inflammation And Allergy In Adults With Asthma, Sumita B. Khatri, Fernando C. Holguin, P. Barry Ryan, David M. Mannino, Serpil C. Erzurum, W. Gerald Teague
David M. Mannino
Rationale
Previous studies have demonstrated associations of high ozone levels with increased epidemiologic as well as lung function measures of asthma activity.
Objectives
In an observational study during the summer months, we hypothesized that higher ambient ozone levels are associated with more frequent symptoms, higher airway and systemic inflammation, as well as worse lung function in asthmatics as compared with non-asthmatic individuals.
Methods
Thirty-eight asthmatics and thirteen healthy control subjects residing in metropolitan Atlanta were enrolled during peak ozone season. Medical histories, quality-of-life questionnaires, spirometry, serum immunoglobulin (IgE), peripheral eosinophil counts, and exhaled nitric oxide (NO) were obtained during study …
The Effect Of Sex On Asthma Control From The National Asthma Survey, James Temprano, David M. Mannino
The Effect Of Sex On Asthma Control From The National Asthma Survey, James Temprano, David M. Mannino
David M. Mannino
Background Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results with regard to differences in asthma control between the sexes.
Objective We sought to identify sex differences in short-term and long-term measures of asthma control in adults from the National Asthma Survey.
Methods This study analyzed data from the National Asthma Survey (Four-State sample) sponsored by the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asthma control was compared between the sexes based on short-term (recent symptoms, asthma attacks, and albuterol use) and long-term (asthma attacks, work days lost, and urgent-care visits and hospitalizations in the prior year) measures. Composite …
Obstructive Lung Disease Models: What Is Valid, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino
Obstructive Lung Disease Models: What Is Valid, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino
David M. Mannino
Use of disease simulation models has led to scrutiny of model methods and demand for evidence that models credibly simulate health outcomes. We sought to describe recent obstructive lung disease simulation models and their validation. Medline and EMBASE were used to identify obstructive lung disease simulation models published from January 2000 to June 2006. Publications were reviewed to assess model attributes and four types of validation: first-order (verification/debugging), second-order (comparison with studies used in model development), third-order (comparison with studies not used in model development), and predictive validity. Six asthma and seven chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models were identified. Seven …
Adrb2 Arg16gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, And Mortality: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Community Study, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino, Marta L. Gwinn, Molly S. Bray
Adrb2 Arg16gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, And Mortality: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Community Study, Jill M. Ferdinands, David M. Mannino, Marta L. Gwinn, Molly S. Bray
David M. Mannino
Background
Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Methodology and Principal Findings
We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 …
How Exposure To Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, And Increased Pollen Burdens Influence The Incidence Of Asthma, M I. Gilmour, M S. Jaakola, S J. London, A Nel, Christine A. Rogers
How Exposure To Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, And Increased Pollen Burdens Influence The Incidence Of Asthma, M I. Gilmour, M S. Jaakola, S J. London, A Nel, Christine A. Rogers
Christine A. Rogers
Asthma is a multifactorial airway disease that arises from a relatively common genetic background interphased with exposures to allergens and airborne irritants. The rapid rise in asthma over the past three decades in Western societies has been attributed to numerous diverse factors, including increased awareness of the disease, altered lifestyle and activity patterns, and ill-defined changes in environmental exposures. It is well accepted that persons with asthma are more sensitive than persons without asthma to air pollutants such as cigarette smoke, traffic emissions, and photochemical smog components. It has also been demonstrated that exposure to a mix of allergens and …
Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations Associated With Smoke Exposure During The 1997, Southeast Asian Forest Fires, Joshua A. Mott, David M. Mannino, Clinton J. Alverson, Andrew Kiyu, Jamilah Hashim, Tzesan Lee, Kenneth Falter, Stephen C. Redd
Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations Associated With Smoke Exposure During The 1997, Southeast Asian Forest Fires, Joshua A. Mott, David M. Mannino, Clinton J. Alverson, Andrew Kiyu, Jamilah Hashim, Tzesan Lee, Kenneth Falter, Stephen C. Redd
David M. Mannino
We investigated the cardiorespiratory health effects of smoke exposure from the 1997 Southeast Asian Forest Fires among persons who were hospitalized in the region of Kuching, Malaysia. We selected admissions to seven hospitals in the Kuching region from a database of all hospital admissions in the state of Sarawak during January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1998. For several cardiorespiratory disease classifications we used Holt-Winters time-series analyses to determine whether the total number of monthly hospitalizations during the forest fire period (August 1 to October 31, 1997), or post-fire period (November 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997) exceeded forecasted estimates …
Effects Of Diesel Exhaust Emissions And Symptoms Of Asthma, Paulo A. Lotufo
Effects Of Diesel Exhaust Emissions And Symptoms Of Asthma, Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
No abstract provided.
Risk Factors For Asthma Incidence: A Review Of Recent Prospective Evidence, M. S. King, David M. Mannino, F. Holguin
Risk Factors For Asthma Incidence: A Review Of Recent Prospective Evidence, M. S. King, David M. Mannino, F. Holguin
David M. Mannino
AIM:
The aim of this study is to determine what factors have been shown, in prospective studies, to predict the incidence of asthma.
METHODS:
We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from 1994 to 2004 to determine what factors predict the development of asthma in both children and adults. This search strategy yielded 40 studies, with 36 providing some estimate of asthma incidence for the total sample and or a specific subgroup.
RESULTS:
Annual estimated incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma ranged from 0.6 to 29.5 per 1000 persons. Risk factors for incident asthma among children included: male sex, atopic sensitization, …
Surveillance For Asthma - United States, 1980-1999, David M. Mannino, David M. Homa, Lara J. Akinbami, Jeanne E. Moorman, Charon Gwynn, Stephen C. Redd
Surveillance For Asthma - United States, 1980-1999, David M. Mannino, David M. Homa, Lara J. Akinbami, Jeanne E. Moorman, Charon Gwynn, Stephen C. Redd
David M. Mannino
Problem/Condition: Asthma, a chronic disease occurring among both children and adults, has been the focus of clinical and public health interventions during recent years. In addition, CDC has outlined a strategy to improve the timeliness and geographic specificity of asthma surveillance as part of a comprehensive public health approach to asthma surveillance.
Reporting Period Covered: This report presents national data regarding self-reported asthma prevalence, school and work days lost because of asthma, and asthma-associated activity limitations (1980--1996); asthma-associated outpatient visits, asthma-associated hospitalizations, and asthma-associated deaths (1980--1999); asthma-associated emergency department visits (1992--1999); and self-reported asthma episodes or attacks (1997--1999).
Description of …
How Much Asthma Is Occupationally Related?, David M. Mannino
How Much Asthma Is Occupationally Related?, David M. Mannino
David M. Mannino
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that is increasing in both prevalence and mortality in developed countries around the world. Occupational exposures to sensitizers and irritants are causes of both asthma cases and asthma exacerbations in adults. The determination of how many cases of asthma may be caused or worsened by occupational exposures is highly dependent on how asthma is defined, what constitutes work-relatedness, and what specific methodology is employed. Surveillance-based methods generally have found the lowest proportion of work-related asthma, ranging from 1-8% of cases. Other types of studies, using exposed-unexposed methodology or interviews of incident asthma cases, have …
Mortality From Asthma In State Of Sao Paulo (1970-92), Paulo A. Lotufo
Mortality From Asthma In State Of Sao Paulo (1970-92), Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
No abstract provided.