Digital Commons Network^™

Learning From Delivery System Behavior, Dynamics, And Interactions To Advance A Culture Of Health, Glen P. Mays

Glen Mays

A new "Systems for Action" national research program flows directly from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Culture of Health action framework. This program will build evidence on how best to align the delivery and financing systems for medical care, public health, and community services & supports so as to promote wellbeing and resiliency, realize efficiencies in resource use, and reduce inequities in health.

Developing And Testing A Surveillance Impact Assessment Methodology, David Wright, Michael Friedewald, Raphael Gellert

Michael Friedewald

With the increasing pervasiveness of surveillance, from big companies such as Google and Facebook, as well as from the intelligence agencies, such as the US National Security Agency (NSA) and the UK Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), there is a clear need for a surveillance impact assessment (SIA), a method that addresses not only issues of privacy and data protection, but also ethical, social, economic, and political issues.

The SAPIENT project, funded by the European Commission, and undertaken by a consortium of partners from several European countries, aimed to develop an SIA methodology, based on stake- holder needs and a set …

Hiv Disclosure As Practice And Public Policy, Barry D. Adam

Barry D Adam

Responses to the largest surveys of HIV-positive people in Ontario show that most either disclose to or do not have partners who are HIV-negative or of unknown status. Non-disclosure strategies and assumptions are reported by relatively small sets of people with some variation according to employment status, sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity, and having had a casual partner. Interviews with 122 people living with HIV show that disclosure is an undertaking fraught with emotional pitfalls complicated by personal histories of having misread cues or having felt deceived leading up to their own sero-conversion, then having to negotiate a stigmatized status with …

West Africa Under Attack, Centre Institute For Public Policy Research (Cippr)

Centre Institute for Public Policy Research (CIPPR)

The drug war and an increased demand for illicit drugs, mostly Cocaine and Heroin in Europe have introduced a new trend in drug trafficking worldwide. With political instability, inadequate security personnel, institutionalised corruption, widespread poverty, weak criminal justice system, weak financial controls to combat money laundering and the threat of terrorism, the ever resilient drug trade seems to have discovered Africa as its new route to the more profitable European market (Reid, 2013). At this rate, West Africa is being turned into a classical example of the Mexican case.

International Drug Trafficking And National Security Of Turkey, Doç.Dr. Behsat Ekici

Ekici Behsat

Drug trafficking is an ever growing international security conundrum. Transnational crime syndicates have proved to be extremely resilient to counter-narcotics initiatives. Despite the efforts of national and international institutions, enormous amounts of drugs are produced, trafficked and consumed throughout the world. Transnational crime syndicates manufacture new psychoactive substances when the governments increase controls over existing drugs. Annual number of drug-related deaths has increased to 250,000 globally. Illicit drug trade proved to be an insidious threat that finances terrorism, instigates corruption, undermines economic development and erodes state authority. Turkey is exposed to massive flows of narcotics as it lies at a …

Testimony On Social Impact Bonds Before U.S. Senate Task Force On Government Performance, Kyle Mckay

Kyle McKay

The primary difference between social impact bonds and prior attempts to link outcomes to payments is the inclusion of investors. According to proponents, social impact bonds and the inclusion of investors can increase the extent of evidence-based policy, encourage innovation in service programming, produce costs savings to governments, and invoke government expenditures only after success is demonstrated. For governments facing revenue constraints for political or economic reasons, social impact bonds may appear to be the silver bullet for social services. However, the benefits may be based largely on wishful thinking. Yet the risks and costs to governments from engaging in …

Capacity Building And The Afghan National Police Views From The Frontline, Gordon Marnoch, Gavin Boyd

Gordon Marnoch

The article reports on a study of an intelligence management capacity building programme involving former Police Service of Northern Ireland officers mentoring members of the Afghan National Police. The study contributes to the formative evaluation of a policy transfer based on principles and practices developed in Northern Ireland. A short discussion of Afghanistan, policing, intelligence management and policy transfer is provided, before attention is given to the capacity building programme. The study is context rich drawing on qualitative data. Analysis draws on face to face interviews conducted with mentors working with the ANP during 2010-2012. Interview questions were broad in …

The Evolution Of Internal It Applications And E-Government Studies In The Public Administration Discipline: Research Themes And Methods, M. Jae Moon, Jooho Lee, Cheol Yong Roh

Jooho Lee

This study reviews research themes and methods used in Information technology (IT) in government and e-government research. Although IT/e-government studies (including inward aspects of IT applications in government and e-government studies) continue to increase, they are not comprehensively understood as a subfield within public administration. Based on Rosenbloom’s three competing approaches to public administration (managerial, political, and legal), we investigated the major research themes of IT/e-government studies in public administration. We analyzed 248 IT/egovernment articles published in six major public administration journals from 1965 to 2010 to examine IT/e-government research trends in terms of research themes and methods.

Improving Supports For Youth Of Color Traumatized By Violence, Rhonda Tsoi-A-Fatt Bryant, Robert Phillips

Rhonda Tsoi-A-Fatt Bryant

No abstract provided.

The Right To Freedom Of Expression And Media Reporting On Criminal Proceedings In Tanzania: Finding The Balance, Joseph Wawa Raphael Futakamba S

Joseph Wawa Raphael Futakamba s

This paper examines the impact of media reporting to crime and criminal court proceeding in Tanzania in the light of exercising the legitimate right to freedom of expression by the press, on one hand and the accused rights to presumption of innocence and fair trial on the other hand. The purpose of the discussion revolves around the effect of prejudicial crime reporting to the criminal suspects/accused and available remedies within the legal system. It also, looks upon the court practices and the law in dealing with interference with the course of justice. The paper also analyses the rights of the …

Clemency, Parole, Good-Time Credits, And Crowded Prisons: Reconsidering Early Release, Paul J. Larkin Jr.

Paul J Larkin Jr.

No abstract provided.

Public Choice Theory And Overcriminalization, Paul J. Larkin Jr.

Paul J Larkin Jr.

No abstract provided.

Seven Types Of Privacy, Rachel L. Finn, David Wright, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

No abstract provided.

Estimated Annual Cost Of Child Homelessness In Pennsylvania, Staci Perlman, Joe Willard

Staci Perlman

Pennsylvania’s state policy makers have reduced funding for strategies that address the needs of children who experience homelessness, resulting, in part, in increases in family homelessness. They should be cautious of the potential consequences of not supporting high quality, outcomes-based services that lead to ending homelessness for the families and improving child-well-being indicators like achieving academic success.

Combatting Fraud And White Collar Crimes: Lessons From Nigeria., Professor Ben C Osisioma

Prof Ben Chuka Osisioma

Nigeria has paid dearly for ethical lapses and competency deficiencies in public and private life. Fraud is systemic in Nigeria with the ordinary citizen being compelled to be either a liar, a cheat or an outright thief. Fraud has stultified growth and national development, subverted the nation’s values and norms, generated a culture of illegality and impunity in public service, and frittered away the promise of the nation’s future. Today, the nation faces the trauma of a State whose date with destiny has been put on hold, for reasons that are completely self made, and completely avoidable. Any remedial measure …

The Aftermath Of Abusive Adoption Practices In The Lives Of Adoption Triad Members: Responding To Adoption Triad Members Victimized By Abusive Adoption Practices, David M. Smolin, Desiree L. Smolin

David M. Smolin

The above-titled presentation was given as a plenary presentation at the Annual Symposium of the Joint Council on International Children’s Services (JCICS) on April 18, 2012. Herein is a slightly modified version of the Power Point used at the presentation. We corrected some typos and made some editorial adjustments, but this is 99% the same as what was used at the presentation. Unfortunately the event itself was not taped.

It is important to note that the original context for this presentation is Intercountry Adoption to the United States. However, some of you may find some of these points relevant to …

A Role For Policymakers In Improving The Status Of Black Male Students In U.S. Higher Education, Shaun R. Harper, Ph.D., Frank Harris Iii, Ed.D.

Shaun R. Harper, Ph.D.

Given the systemic nature of racial achievement and opportunity gaps in education and their disproportionate impact on Black men, postsecondary institutions alone cannot close them. Participation from multiple stakeholder groups is necessary. This report calls for greater involvement by federal and state policymakers, high school counselors, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA, the policymaking organization for intercollegiate athletics), community–based organizations, and other groups in ongoing efforts to improve the status of Black undergraduate men. In support of this goal, this report presents policy–relevant data from the U.S. Department of Education, U.S. Department of Justice, NCAA Federal Graduation Rates Database, and …

Reducing The Drug War's Damage To Government Budgets, David B. Kopel, Trevor Burrus

David B Kopel

This Article examines ways that governments can mitigate the economic damage caused by the drug war. Part I details four specific legal reforms enacted in Colorado, which aim to reduce the problems of over-criminalization: Requiring a fiscal note for the creation of new statutory crimes; reducing drug possession from a felony to a misdemeanor; narrowing the scope of 'three strikes' laws, and; adjusting old sentences in light of new laws.

Part II explores the fiscal benefits of ending prohibition, such as reduced law enforcement costs and substantially increased tax revenues.

Part III analyzes the conflict between congressionally-imposed prohibition, and state …

Ain’T I A Woman, Too?: The Thirteenth Amendment, In Defense Of Incarcerated Women’S Reproductive Rights, Alexandria Gutierrez

Alexandria Gutierrez

In her memoir, Harriet Ann Jacobs highlights the unique impact slavery had on women. The physical dominion imposed upon female slaves included both internal and external bodily control. Beyond sexual exploitation, the bodies of female slaves were used for a type of labor for which their male counterparts were not capable: reproduction. Forced pregnancy in the slavery context was a tragic and violative experience affecting women physically, psychologically, and emotionally. Long after the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery-like practices lived on through social, political, and economic mechanisms. In the penological context, peonage laws, penal plantations, and chain gangs were …

Is An International Treaty Needed To Fight Corruption And The Narco-Insurgency In Mexico?, Stuart S. Yeh

Stuart S Yeh

Mexican government corruption prevents effective law enforcement against drug traffickers and the violence associated with drug trafficking. This article reviews the nature and scope of government corruption, including a first-hand account by a Mexican state police commander, then suggests how and why an international treaty establishing United Nation (UN) inspectors who are empowered to investigate corruption at all levels of government could be effective in deterring corruption and restoring the rule of law in the U.S.–Mexico border region. The article suggests that the Rome Statute provides a model for establishing this type of treaty and a precedent for all of …

Unanswered Questions Of A Minority People In International Law: A Comparative Study Between Southern Cameroons & South Sudan, Bernard Sama Mr

Bernard Sama

The month July of 2011 marked the birth of another nation in the World. The distressful journey of a minority people under the watchful eyes of the international community finally paid off with a new nation called the South Sudan . As I watched the South Sudanese celebrate independence on 9 July 2011, I was filled with joy as though they have finally landed. On a promising note, I read the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon saying “[t]ogether, we welcome the Republic of South Sudan to the community of nations. Together, we affirm our commitment to helping it meet its …

Seeing The Forest Through The Trees: Thinking Critically About Mental Health Courts, John A. Bozza

John A Bozza

The almost universal acceptance of the problem-solving court concept by both the courts and the academic community provides a good example of the hazards of the bandwagon effect on the de-velopment of public policy. The proponents of therapeutic juris-prudence have successfully promoted the adoption of these pro-grams by repeating and then having others repeat a mantra of success that grossly belies reality and ignores the compelling is-sues they raise. Not surprisingly, this has led to the develop-ment of an extensive bureaucracy fueled almost entirely by fed-eral money and encouraged by cheerleaders entrenched in the self-serving subculture of therapeutic jurisprudence. Unfortunately, …

Psychopathy And Culpability: How Responsible Is The Psychopath For Criminal Wrongdoing?, Reid G. Fontaine Jd, Phd

Reid G. Fontaine

Recent research into the psychological and neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathy has raised the question of whether, or to what degree, psychopaths should be considered morally and criminally responsible for their actions. In this article we review the current empirical literature on psychopathy, focusing particularly on deficits in moral reasoning, and consider several potential conclusions that could be drawn based on this evidence. Our analysis of the empirical evidence on psychopathy suggests that while psychopaths do not meet the criteria for full criminal responsibility, they nonetheless retain some criminal responsibility. We conclude, by introducing the notion of rights as correlative, that …

Drug And Alcohol Policy Under New Labour: Pandering To Populism?, Julian Buchanan

Julian Buchanan

Coming to power with an overwhelming majority in 1997, New Labour had the opportunity to lead the world by adopting a much needed progressive, pragmatic and scientifically informed approach to the management of substance use and misuse in the twenty-first century: by some distance, they failed to deliver on the election promise of change. Instead, they mistakenly continued the pursuit of eradicating drugs through prohibition, perpetuated the misleading distinction between legal and illegal drugs, and failed to overhaul the much criticised and outdated Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, which continues to inform (or some would argue misinform) the public about …

Mission Creep And The Compromising Of Strategic Direction In United Kingdom Police Services. An Exploratory Study Of The Evidence., Gordon Marnoch, Gavin Boyd, John Topping

Gordon Marnoch

This paper examines key problems facing United Kingdom police leaders face in meeting the service expectations of government and the public in a period of austerity. A central problem relates to the extent to which the police leader’s opportunity to pursue strategic actions appropriate to changing circumstances, has been compromised by ‘mission creep’. The empirical evidence presented here is based on a study of one large English police service supplemented by interviews conducted with senior officers in this and other police services. The paper concludes that mission creep and path dependency are inter-linked.

The Consequences Of Incremental Reform And Institutional Dynamics On The Effectiveness Of Performance Management In United Kingdom Police Services., Gordon Marnoch, Karl Mcvicker, Ruth Fee

Gordon Marnoch

The paper argues that while performance management practices are much in evidence in contemporary police services, the perceptions and views of police officers and civilian staff discussed in this paper should give us pause in concluding that there has been a straightforward triumph of managerialist rationality over operational tradition in the use of policing resources. Evidence is drawn from an extensive study of police officers and civilian staff and their self-reported engagement with performance management systems in three large United Kingdom police services.

Gobierno Y Políticas Públicas. Trabajos Aplicados, Leonardo García Jaramillo, Maria Fernanda Ramirez Brouchoud

Leonardo García Jaramillo

No abstract provided.

New Developments In Developmental Research On Social Information Processing And Antisocial Behavior, Reid G. Fontaine

Reid G. Fontaine

The Special Section on developmental research on social information processing (SIP) and antisocial behavior is here introduced. Following a brief history of SIP theory, comments on several themes—measurement and assessment, attributional and interpretational style, response evaluation and decision, and the relation between emotion and SIP—that tie together four new empirical investigations are provided. Notable contributions of these studies are highlighted.

In Self-Defense Regarding Self-Defense: A Rejoinder To Professor Corrado, Reid G. Fontaine

Reid G. Fontaine

This is a rejoinder to Professor Corrado in the upcoming special section of the American Criminal Law Review on the nature, structure, and function of self-defense and defense of others law.

Does Response Evaluation And Decision (Red) Mediate The Relation Between Hostile Attributional Style And Antisocial Behavior In Adolescence?, Reid G. Fontaine

Reid G. Fontaine

The role of hostile attributional style (HAS) in antisocial development has been well-documented. We analyzed longitudinal data on 585 youths (48% female; 19% ethnic minority) to test the hypothesis that response evaluation and decision (RED) mediates the relation between HAS and antisocial behavior in adolescence. In Grades 10 and 12, adolescent participants and their parents reported participants’ antisocial conduct. In Grade 11, participants were asked to imagine themselves in videotaped ambiguous-provocation scenarios. Segment 1 of each scenario presented an ambiguous provocation, after which participants answered HAS questions. In segment 2, participants were asked to imagine themselves responding aggressively to the …